Download or read book Population Biology Ecology and Ecosystem Contributions of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica from Natural and Artificial Habitats in Tampa Bay Florida written by Michael Drexler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to document the status of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from non-reef habitats throughout Tampa Bay, Florida, and assess the ecosystem contributions of those populations relative to reef-dwelling oysters. The aspects of oyster ecology studied here include condition, prevalence and intensity of disease (Perkinsus marinus - dermo), reproductive activity (including stage, fecundity, and juvenile recruitment), adult oyster density, and the faunal community associated with the oysters. The predominant source of variation was seasonal, with lesser contributions among sites, and in most cases, little or no effect of the habitat type. Oysters populations from each habitat recruit juvenile oysters, produce mature individuals, and contribute viable gametes at the same magnitude with similar seasonality. The associated faunal communities were also largely similar between habitats at any given site. Measures of oyster density, combined with estimates of the total available habitat, suggest that natural oyster reefs may represent only a small portion of the total oyster community in Tampa Bay, while oysters associated with mangrove habitats and seawalls are probably the most abundant in the bay. Additional mapping and quantification of these habitats would help to define their bay-wide ecosystem-services value. Restoration projects, though small in size relative to other habitats, do provide alternative and additional habitat with comparable value to other oyster-bearing habitats.
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Edwin W. Cake and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay discusses the proposed plan to offset the dramatic decline in the bay's native oysters by introducing disease-resistant reproductive Suminoe oysters from Asia. It suggests this move should be delayed until more is known about the environmental risks, even though carefully regulated cultivation of sterile Asian oysters in contained areas could help the local industry and researchers. It is also noted that even though these oysters eat the excess algae caused by pollution, it could take decades before there are enough of them to improve water quality.
Download or read book A Study of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in Tampa Bay written by Bridgit Melora Mccrickard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eastern Oyster written by Victor S. Kennedy and published by University of Maryland Sea Grant Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1966 Congress passed the National Sea Grant College Program Act to promote marine research, education, and extension services in institutions along the nation's ocean and Great Lakes coasts. In Maryland a Sea Grant Program -- a partnership among federal and state governments, universities, and industries -- began in 1977, and in 1982 the University of Maryland was named the nation's seventeenth Sea Grant College. The Maryland Sea Grant College focuses its efforts on the Chesapeake Bay, with emphasis on the marine concerns of fisheries, seafood technology, and environmental quality. The first comprehensive review of the biology of the eastern oyster in more than thirty years. The twenty-one chapters synthesize every aspect of oyster biology -- for instance, general anatomy, physiology, the circulatory system, reproduction, genetics, diseases -- and issues related to management and aquaculture.
Download or read book The Ecology of Intertidal Oyster Reefs of the South Atlantic Coast written by Leonard M. Bahr and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Habitat Suitability Index for the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in Great Wicomico River Virginia written by Seth Joseph Theuerkauf and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, provides critical ecological functions to Chesapeake Bay. Unfortunately, as a result of overharvesting, disease, and poor water quality, the native oyster population of the Bay currently stands at less than 1% of its historic size. Within the Great Wicomico River, a tributary of the Bay, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Norfolk District has successfully restored approximately 85 acres of "no take" sanctuary oyster reef. This study developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) for the eastern oyster in the Great Wicomico River in order to identify areas of suitable oyster habitat. The model was validated using live adult oyster density data derived from the 2011 VIMS monitoring survey of the USACE restored reefs. The results from this model can be used to inform the rehabilitation of the existing sanctuary oyster reef network and the construction of additional oyster reef in the Great Wicomico River.
Download or read book Assessing the Importance of Biological Attributes for Invasion Success written by Alexander Whitman Miller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of the American Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Gmelin in Lake Borgne Louisiana written by Mary Elizabeth Mysing-Gubala and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Natural and Repletion Population of American Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in the Chesapeake Bay written by Brian J. Rothschild and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this report, we propose a comprehensive oyster management plan providing direct quatitative and scientific advice for stock assessment and decision-making. Our plan is divided into three components: 1) fishery management, 2) intensive repletion, 3) habitat replacement and sanctuary development."--Page i.
Download or read book POPULATION GENETICS OF EASTERN OYSTER Crassostrea Virginica RESTORATION IN THE CHESPEAKE BAY written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategic release of captive-bred organisms is one of the most popular methods to restore species, but concerns exist regarding genetic impacts on natural populations over the long-term. Slow recovery of depleted eastern oyster C. virginica populations in the Chesapeake Bay prompted a large-scale hatchery-based restoration program consisting of the mass-release of hatchery-produced juveniles from local, wild broodstock. This dissertation characterized the genetic impact of this program, with the overall goal of understanding how characteristics of species life-history interact with hatchery practices to shape genetic variation in populations over short and long-time scales. In Chapter 2, analysis of genetic diversity changes resulting from hatchery production under two spawning designs (mass- and controlled-spawns) revealed substantial reductions in diversity and the number of breeders from parents to offspring, due primarily to high variance in reproductive success among adults in hatchery culture. In Chapter 3, high-resolution genomic data was used in a population genetic analysis comparing diversity of restored reefs in Harris Creek with variable planting histories and husbandry practices to 'wild' Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs. While restored reefs showed similar levels of diversity as wild reefs, strong positive relationships between planting frequency or broodstock numbers and genetic diversity were found, suggesting that hatchery practices can significantly impact diversity in natural populations. These genomic data also permitted the investigation of local adaptation and genotype by environment associations which revealed that salinity was correlated with loci putatively under selection, suggesting potential fitness tradeoffs for sourcing non-local broodstock. In Chapter 4, an individual-based model was created using biological and demographic data from Chesapeake Bay oysters to simultaneously evaluate the impact of multiple hatchery practices on natural p
Download or read book Predation on the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica on Intertidal Reefs Affected by Recreational Boating written by Jennifer Lorraine Stiner and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together, these findings document ecological implications of dead margins on C. virginica reefs and reinforce the urgent need for enhanced regulations and restoration. If the intensity of recreational boating remains unregulated, dead margins will continue to increase. Thus, in order to maintain the diversity and productivity of Mosquito Lagoon, it is crucial to fully understand how dead margins alter the biogenic habitat and biotic communities of oyster reefs.
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book The Effects of Chronic Habitat Degradation on the Physiology and Metal Accumulation of Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica in the Hudson Raritan Estuary written by Allison Mass Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hudson Raritan Estuary (HRE) was once home an abundant population of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Years of habitat degradation, via removal of habitat and shell substrate, overfishing of the population, and inputs of organic and inorganic contaminants, all led to the decline of this previous keystone species. The HRE today is a highly eutrophic environment, with increased sediment inputs, periods of low dissolved oxygen, algal blooms, and hotspots of contaminants throughout. The current study was designed to understand how a chronically degraded habitat, as is present in the HRE now, affects both juvenile and adult oyster physiology. There are three parts to this study: in the first, a large scale field transplant study was deployed to determine how juvenile oyster health and subcellular physiology are altered over a continuum of sites across the HRE, and if subcellular metal accumulation related to alterations in physiology. Using eight sites across the HRE, it was apparent that there are many site-specific factors that affect oyster physiology, and the synergistic effects of these abiotic and biotic factors together influence oyster physiology the most. There was no one factor that could be isolated as a key parameter to determine future oyster restoration. The second part used a field transplant study to examine the role of a degraded habitat on adult oysters and reproduction. Using Vitellogenin protein and energy expenditures to estimate oyster reproduction, it was seen that adult oysters respond much slower than juveniles and no differences were seen between highly degraded habitats and less degraded habitats. Thirdly, both juveniles and adults were observed to accumulate non-essential metals (Cd and Hg) in the field. In order to determine if metal accumulation is the sole cause of physiological alterations, a laboratory exposure was designed to determine if changes in subcellular physiology could be correlated specifically to subcellular accumulation of Cd or Hg, when no other abiotic factors are able to influence oyster health. It was observed that Cd accumulation lead to physiological changes, but Hg accumulation did not. Using this information about the site-specific nature of oyster physiology and how metal accumulation can alter physiology will allow researchers to choose future restoration sites and set up projects that will allow for maximum growth and survival.
Download or read book Faunal Community Use of Enhanced and Natural Oyster Reefs in Delaware Bay written by Jenny L. Paterno and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to its value as a fisheries resource, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, is a reef building, cornerstone species that provides ecosystem services to the environment. Oysters provide habitat for associated resident and transient species. With widespread declines in oyster populations, restoration efforts have focused on improving oyster stocks and enhancing the ecosystem services they provide. Community-based oyster restoration programs engage the public and local community in planning, construction and/or monitoring of restoration projects. Since 2007, a K-12 student centered community-based restoration venture, Project PORTS, Promoting Oyster Restoration Through Schools, has been working to educate students, promote stewardship values, and enhance oyster habitat in the Delaware Bay. The overarching goals of the present study were to (1) assess fish and macroinvertebrate utilization on the Project PORTS community-created, subtidal, low-relief oyster restoration area in the Delaware Bay, and (2) convert the data collected into a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) activity that can be implemented in the classroom. I examined six subtidal natural oyster reefs of varying oyster densities and one community-based restoration reef as habitat for fishes and invertebrates. Sampling methods on these low-relief reefs consisted of otter trawl tows and benthic habitat tray collections. Results revealed that the enhancement area supported a diverse faunal community consistent with nearby, natural oyster habitats. Data collected during the field study were then transformed into an educational lesson plan, "One Fish, Two Fish- Assessing Habitat Value of Restored Oyster Reefs", that fulfilled national and state (NJ) curriculum standards. The lesson was piloted in a middle school classroom and student learning was evaluated through summative assessments pre and post-participation in the activity. Results of the assessments indicated that students made strong gains in knowledge of oyster ecology and improved analytical skills by graphing data. This dual interest study demonstrated that a novel education program with a local, real-world connection positively enhanced crucial estuarine habitat while expanding STEM knowledge and skills of participating students.
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index for the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in the Chesapeake Bay written by Timothy Adams Battista and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining the Effect of Interstitial Space on Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global oyster populations have decreased by as much as 99% in the past century. Oysters are known ecosystem engineers, providing benthic habitat for macrofauna, linking benthic and pelagic food webs, improving water quality, and mitigating shoreline erosion. Restoration efforts are critical in re-establishing native oyster populations. In the Chesapeake Bay, where oyster loss is primarily due to severe over harvest, artificial substrates with geometric shapes are widely used in restoration efforts. However, natural oyster reefs form emergent shapes with a high degree of aggregation and many interstitial spaces (three-dimensional volumetric spaces between oysters within a reef). The lack of interstitial space in artificial substrates contrasted with the presence of interstitial spaces in natural reefs led to the research question: Is there an amount of interstitial space which facilitates oyster recruitment and survival? Previous studies have hypothesized the importance of interstitial space in oyster reefs; however, current research lacks practical and effective methodology for measuring interstitial space of any ecosystem. We implemented a field study to observe the direct effect of interstitial space on oyster recruitment and survival using a concrete artificial oyster reef. Additionally, we used photogrammetry and three-dimensional digital modeling to develop a method for measuring interstitial space of the concrete artificial oyster reef used in the field. We found there to be significantly greater oyster recruitment and survival on substrates with 50 - 100 cm3 interstitial space per 50 mm2 surface area. This is the first study to directly examine the effect of interstitial space on oyster recruitment and survival. This is also the first study to develop a practical methodology for measuring interstitial space which may be transferred for use in other systems, as photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling are not limited to oyster reef ecosystems. Filling these knowledge gaps will have positive impacts on oyster reef restoration and other ecosystems in which interstitial space is hypothesized to play a critical role.
