Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils and Sediments written by Joseph Paul Kreitinger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Trace Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in San Pablo Bay and Their Bioavailability written by John Justin Baum and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil and Sediment Remediation written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediment and Bioavailability in Streams in the New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area West Virginia 2002 written by Terence Messinger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediment and bioavailability in streams in the New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area West Virginia 2002 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Sediments written by Michiel Pierre Cuypers and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH in Coal tar Contaminated Soils written by Insoo Joo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal-tar contaminated soils plays an important role in determining the risk of these compounds to the environment and humans. Developing an understanding of organic compounds bioavailability will assist in improving risk assessment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the first part of study, the degradation of 16 EPA priority PAHs in soil slurry reactors were investigated along with the change in microbial population. Using DAPI-stained organisms, maximum microbial populations were found to correspond with the depletion of 2- and 3-ring PAHs. Degradation of PAHs was sequential with the 2- and 3-ring PAHs degrading first, followed by the 4- and 5-ring PAHs. There was negligible degradation of 6-ring PAHs. The Modified Gompertz equation, an empirical model, was used to estimate the lag phase, degradation rate, and maximum degraded fraction of individual PAHs. The Monod equation was also applied but did not model the experimental data well especially the change in microorganism population. In the second part of study, several chemical methods were performed to assess the bioavailability of PAHs in three coal-tar contaminated soils from former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) sites. The methods tested were hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin (HPCD), persulfate oxidation, acetone-water mixture extraction, butanol extraction, and solid phase extraction using XAD-2. Residual PAHs in each soil following extraction were compared with the PAHs remaining after biodegradation in soil slurry reactors. Of the five methods tested, the XAD-2 desorption method was determined to the best method for predicting the bioavailability in coal-tar contaminated soils.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Its Impact on Bioremediation written by Ilia Rostami and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigated the microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid and soil matrices and the influence of PAH bioavailability on biodegradation and ecological/ human exposure. These research themes were investigated using three PAH contaminated Soils collected from a former wood preservation site, a former manufacturing gas plant and a tram yard site in South Australia.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment written by Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses bioavailability concepts and methods, summarizing the current knowledge on bioavailability science, as well as possible pathways for integrating bioavailability into risk assessment and the regulation of organic chemicals. Divided into 5 parts, it begins with an overview of chemical distribution in soil and sediment, as well as the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of chemicals in plants, soil, invertebrates and vertebrates (including humans). It then focuses on the impact of sorption processes and reviews bioavailability measurement methods. The closing chapters discuss the impact of bioavailability studies on chemical risk assessment, and highlights further research needs. Written by a multi-disciplinary team of authors, it is an essential resource for scientists in academia and industry, students, as well as for authorities.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 3 Test No 317 Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to assess bioaccumulation of chemicals in soil oligochaetes. The parameters which characterise the bioaccumulation of a substance include the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the uptake rate constant ...
Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Sediments written by Kyari Yates and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorobiphenyls(CBs) in sediments is largely dependent on the freely dissolved concentration of thesepollutants. However, measuring these is challenging, due to the low concentrations oflipophilic contaminants in the environment and their strong affinity for particles and fortraditional sampling (filtration and centrifugation) equipment. An equilibrium passivesampling device made of silicone rubber was developed in this research to measure thefreely dissolved concentrations of lipophilic contaminants and other parameters (waterextractable proportions and sediment-water partition coefficients) that describe theavailability of these contaminants in the environment. Equilibration between sampler and sediment for PAHs and CBs was found to beadequately achieved after 20 days shaking of a silicone rubber sampler in sediment slurryon an orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The reproducibility of uptake was better than 5 %. Silicone rubber-water partition coefficients for 34 PAHs and 32 CBs were measured in thelaboratory using a co-solvent method using methanol as co solvent. Strong linearcorrelations of log sr w K, with octanol-water partition coefficients (log ow K)(log 0.97 log 0.01; 2 0.94, K = K? r = sr w ow & log 1.17 log 1.82; 2 0.90, K = K? r = sr w ow) werefound for PAHs and CBs, with a systematic difference in correlations observed for thedifferent classes of compounds which was attributed to structural differences of thecompounds. The silicone rubber samplers were then used to measure concentrations of PAHs in thepore water of sediments from the Fladen Ground of the North Sea, Loch Shell, Firth ofForth, Firth of Clyde, Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour in Scotland and the Vefsn fjord, Norway. A proportion of the PAHs were found to be unavailable for exchange into theaqueous phase, and this was reflected in the high log oc K measured in all the sedimentsstudied. The sediment-water partition coefficients also correlated positively with theoctanol-water partition coefficients. Accumulation of PAHs in Nereis virens fromsediments was better predicted from literature bio concentration factors and pore waterconcentrations obtained using the silicone rubber samplers than from sedimentconcentrations traditionally used in risk assessments. Participation in an International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) passivesampling trial survey using silicone rubber in sediments and water is described, anddemonstrated the potential of passive sampling in monitoring environmental pollution. Thelog BCF (bio concentration factor) for PAHs in mussels increased with increasing log ow Kat both Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour locations, and could be used to estimateconcentrations in mussels directly. The survey data also showed the use of silicone rubberin assessing the diffusive exchange of PAHs across sediment-water interfaces.
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book Soil Biological Communities and Ecosystem Resilience written by Martin Lukac and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores current knowledge and methods used to study soil organisms and to attribute their activity to wider ecosystem functions. Biodiversity not only responds to environmental change, but has also been shown to be one of the key drivers of ecosystem function and service delivery. Soil biodiversity in tree-dominated ecosystems is also governed by these principles, the structure of soil biological communities is clearly determined by environmental, as well as spatial, temporal and hierarchical factors. Global environmental change, together with land-use change and ecosystem management by humans, impacts the aboveground structure and composition of tree ecosystems. Due to existing knowledge of the close links between the above- and belowground parts of terrestrial ecosystems, we know that soil biodiversity is also impacted. However, very little is known about the nature of these impacts; effects on the overall level of biodiversity, the magnitude and diversity of functions soil biodiversity generates, but also on the present and future stability of tree ecosystems and soils. Even though much remains to be learned about the relationships between soil biodiversity and tree ecosystem functionality, it is clear that better effort needs to be made to describe and understand key processes which take place in soils and are driven by soil biota.
Download or read book The Seine River Basin written by Nicolas Flipo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs in Soils written by Luchun Duan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fate and distribution of contaminants in soil are controlled by their bioavailability which is of great importance to human and ecological health risk assessments. Risk assessments based on total contaminant loading that assumes 100% bioavailability in soils may overestimate exposure resulting in unnecessarily low remediation goals. Such remediation goals may be neither technically or economically feasible.
