Download or read book Pollution de L Air Et Morphologie Urbaine written by Gilles MAIGNANT and published by Omniscriptum. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De nombreux mod les, plus ou moins complexes permettent d' valuer la pollution atmosph rique en ville mais ce sont bien souvent des mod les r gionaux qui consid rent une ville comme un point, c'est- -dire un espace homog ne. Pourtant, il est difficile d'affirmer que la pollution atmosph rique, li e au trafic, est uniforme l'int rieur de la ville. Elle d pend conjointement des missions produites par les sources fixes et mobiles, de la morphologie urbaine, des conditions climatologiques, elles m mes influenc es par la morphologie. Aussi l'approche d velopp e dans cet ouvrage est avant tout mod lisatrice et appliqu e l' chelle intra- urbaine. Cette chelle permet de rendre compte de la pollution respir e par le citadin l' chelle de la rue. La mod lisation complexe s'appuie notamment sur des donn es r elles de trafic et de climatologie fine et permet de r soudre les quations tridimensionnelles de la m canique des fluides. Des nouveaux indicateurs sont produits dans le but d'expliciter le r le de la morphologie urbaine dans la dispersion anisotrope des polluants en ville.
Download or read book The Urban Atmosphere And Its Effects written by Peter Brimblecombe and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-12-18 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Pollution Reviews will provide state-of-the-art reviews of key problems in air pollution science. Leading research workers and key figures from the regulatory and industrial communities will contribute detailed and yet accessible accounts of areas in which they have recognised expertise. The series will run to five volumes, the first being more general than the succeeding volumes. In Volume 1, current perceptions of the effects of air pollutants on health will be reviewed. Recent epidemiological data on the links between particles and effects on health and the methods used to investigate these associations will be critically assessed. For students reading environmental science and those beginning research on air pollution and its effects, regulatory toxicologists and physicians with an interest in environmental medicine, this series will be a central source of up-to-date, critically reviewed information.
Download or read book Air Quality in Cities written by Nicolas Moussiopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban areas are major sources of air pollution. Pollutant emissions affecting air quality in cities are considered to have adverse consequences for human health. Public and government concern about environmental issues arising from urban air pollution has increased over the last decades. The urban air pollution problem is widespread throughout the world and it is important to find ways of eliminating or at least reducing the risks for human health. The fundamentals of the physical and chemical processes occurring during air pollutant transport in the atmosphere are nowadays understood to a large extent. In particular, modelling of such processes has experienced a remarkable growth in the last decades. Monitoring capabilities have also improved markedly in the most urban areas around the world. However, neither modelling nor monitoring can solve urban air pollution problems, as they are only a first step in improving useful information for future regulations. The defining of efficient control strategies can not be achieved without a clear knowledge of the complete pollution process, i.e. emission, atmospheric transport and transformation, and deposition at the receptor. Improving our ability to establish valid urban scale source-receptor relation ships has been the objective of SA TURN, one of the 14 subprojects of EURO TRAC-2. Similar to the other subprojects of this co-ordinated environmental pro ject within the EUREKA initiative, SA TURN brought together international groups of scientists to work on problems directly related to atmospheric chemistry and physics. The present volume summarises the scientific results of SATURN.
Download or read book Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies written by Anca Moldoveanu and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the effects of air pollutants, from the indoor and outdoor spaces, on the human physiology. Air pollutants can influence inflammation biomarkers, can influence the pathogenesis of chronic cough, can influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can induce autonomic nervous system interactions that modulate cardiac oxidative stress and cardiac electrophysiological changes, can participate in the onset and exacerbation of upper respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases, can lead to the exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. The book also presents how the urban environment can influence and modify the impact of various pollutants on human health.
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution Modelling written by Michael M. Benarie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the methods, models and formulae used for estimating air pollution concentrations in urban areas. From the ForewordThe visible effects of pollution in most cities in the developed countries have been reduced dramatically in the past thirty years. This has been achieved to a large extent by the replacement of most of the low-level sources, which burnt raw coal, by more modern appliances using gas, electricity or low-sulphur oil. The killer smog of 1952 could not be repeated unless there were to be a massive return to old-fashioned heating methods, due, for example, to excessive environmental constraints being applied to the more modern energy sources. It is important, therefore, to judge the impact of a new source in terms of its effect on the pattern of existing sources. One should also consider the environmental consequences of rejecting the new installation and examine the alternatives--that its product may either be denied to the community at large, produced elsewhere or produced using existing facilities. These facilities are probably less efficient and may therefore produce more pollution per unit of product than the new plant would. An objective, quantitative, urban-air-pollution model is clearly an essential component in such a decision-making process. Dr. Benarie has produced a distillation of existing modelling techniques which will, I hope, become the launching pad for many future models. As each city is unique, it will need its own tailor-made model, drawing on the best and the most appropriate techniques developed previously. Agreement with observations is the only real test of validity, because the physics and chemistry are so complicated that theoretical arguments are reduced to the role of assisting in the best formulation of the problem. Numerical precision must always rely on measurement. This is the approach that Dr. Benarie has adopted.--David J. Moore, Central Electricity Research Laboratires, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution written by Ivo Allegrini and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-03 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Monitoring and Control Strategies for Urban Air Pollution", held in Erice, Italy, October 9-15, 1994
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution Modelling written by Michel M. Benarie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the methods, models and formulae used for estimating air pollution concentrations in urban areas.From the Foreword The visible effects of pollution in most cities in the developed countries have been reduced dramatically in the past thirty years. This has been achieved to a large extent by the replacement of most of the low-level sources, which burnt raw coal, by more modern appliances using gas, electricity or low-sulphur oil. The killer smog of 1952 could not be repeated unless there were to be a massive return to old-fashioned heating methods, due, for example, to excessive environmental constraints being applied to the more modern energy sources. It is important, therefore, to judge the impact of a new source in terms of its effect on the pattern of existing sources. One should also consider the environmental consequences of rejecting the new installation and examine the alternatives--that its product may either be denied to the community at large, produced elsewhere or produced using existing facilities. These facilities are probably less efficient and may therefore produce more pollution per unit of product than the new plant would. An objective, quantitative, urban-air-pollution model is clearly an essential component in such a decision-making process. Dr. Benarie has produced a distillation of existing modelling techniques which will, I hope, become the launching pad for many future models. As each city is unique, it will need its own tailor-made model, drawing on the best and the most appropriate techniques developed previously. Agreement with observations is the only real test of validity, because the physics and chemistry are so complicated that theoretical arguments are reduced to the role of assisting in the best formulation of the problem. Numerical precision must always rely on measurement. This is the approach that Dr. Benarie has adopted.--David J. Moore, Central Electricity Research Laboratires, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution and Forests written by Mark E. Fenn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, roughly half of the world's population lives in urban centers. There are now more than 20 cities with a population of over 10 million inhabitants, compared to less than 5 about 50 years ago. This tendency toward urbanization is expected to continue, particularly in the developing world. A consequence of this growing trend is that millions of people are being exposed to harmful levels of urban air pollutants caused mainly by emissions from motor vehicles and from industrial and domestic activities involving the combustion of fossil fuels. The driving force for the design and implementation of emission control strate gies aimed at improving air quality has been the protection of the health of the population in urban centers. There are, however, other consequences of the pres ence of air pollutants besides the direct effect on human health. Reduced visibil ity, damage to monuments and buildings, and many other such consequences indirectly affect our quality of life. Another set of consequences involves damage to ecological systems. In fact, the nature of "photochemical smog" was first uncovered in the 1950s in connection with observations of its harmful effects on crops and plants in the vicinity of Los Angeles.
Download or read book La pollution due au transport urbain et a roportuaire written by Louis Tsague and published by Editions L'Harmattan. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La réduction des émissions polluantes est devenue pour le XXIe siècle un défi majeur. Cet ouvrage dresse un état des lieux exhaustif des différents types d'émissions provenant de la combustion dans divers systèmes propulsifs terrestres et aériens. Il offre une vue complète allant de la formation des polluants dans les foyers jusqu'à leur dispersion dans les différentes couches de l'atmosphère.
Download or read book Environmental Design of Urban Buildings written by Mat Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of environmental and energy research with respect to urban building projects. It describes how to overcome related challenges in environmental design of urban buildings. The book discusses the passive and active environmental systems within building concepts.
Download or read book Air Pollution and Urban Structure Linkages written by Miguel Cárdenas Rodríguez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between local air pollution and urban structure with an emphasis on urban fragmentation. Using a unique dataset of 249 Large Urban Zones (LUZ) across Europe, a Bayesian Model Averaging selection method is employed to empirically identify the determinants of within-LUZ concentration of three air pollutants: NO2, PM10 and SO2 for the year 2006. Several indices of land use are considered among possible determinants. These are supplemented by a dataset on various economic, demographic and meteorological variables that can explain the variation of air pollution. The results of this econometric analysis support the hypothesis that urban structure has significant effects on pollution concentration. In particular, they suggest that fragmented urban areas experience higher concentrations of NO2 and PM10 and that densely populated urban areas suffer from higher SO2 concentration. The findings suggest that policies favouring continuous urban areas may result in environmental improvements
Download or read book La qualit de l air en milieu urbain written by Azadeh Kalhori and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain est un enjeu majeur dans le monde car, les villes concentrent la majorité de la population du globe à l’heure actuelle. Les villes font de plus en plus l’objet d’études concernant la pollution atmosphérique, ses impacts (les risques sanitaires) et les moyens de réduire la pollution atmosphérique et ses méfaits. Celle-ci varie spatialement et temporellement en ville selon la morphologie des quartiers, les conditions météorologiques et les localisations des sources de polluants. Dès lors, la concentration des polluants doit être définie à une échelle micro-urbaine pour évaluer l’exposition des populations. En effet, cette exposition fait partie d’un concept plus large, la qualité de l'air qui est considérée aujourd’hui comme un élément essentiel du bien-être et de la qualité de vie des citadins. Ces derniers sont d’ailleurs soumis à une exposition délicate à évaluer pendant la journée lors de leurs déplacements, mais aussi à l’intérieur des bâtiments. La perception individuelle de cette pollution durant ses activités quotidiennes, apporte un éclairage intéressant sur le comportement des citadins face à la pollution et à ses interactions avec le bien-être et la qualité de vie individuels. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer l’éventuelle distorsion entre l’exposition individuelle estimée à la pollution et la perception de celle-ci afin d’identifier des facteurs cognitifs, environnementaux et culturels influençant la perception. A cet égard, en premier lieu, la concentration des polluants a été simulée à l’aide du modèle ADMS-Urban à une échelle intra-urbaine. Il a permis d’obtenir une concentration des polluants en continue à Strasbourg. Ensuite, 200 enquêtes de perception (‘enquête de suivi’) ont été réalisées. Ceci nous a aidé de déterminer les expositions individuelles de la pollution et leur perception dans différents endroits. En mettant en œuvre plusieurs type d’analyse et un SIG, les caractéristiques de la pollution et des comportements des citadins ont été mises en évidences. La confrontation de ces dernières informations a également permis de comprendre la relation complexe entre la perception et la variation de la pollution atmosphérique en ville.
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution in Megacities of the World written by John P. Allen and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1993-01-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Air Pollution in Mega Cities of the World d report assesses air quality in 20 of the world's megacities (defined for the purposes of this book as cities with a population of 10 million or more by the year 2000). The report highlights the air quality problems associated with urbanization. These problems are of increasing importance due to projected growth in the urban pollution world-wide and thus the potential increase in the number of people exposed. The issues raised apply not only to current mega-cities but to most rapidly developing urban areas. The cities are; New York City, Los Angeles, New Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay, Cairo/Giza, Karachi, Moscow, London, Seoul, Metro Manila/Quezon City, Beunos Aries, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Tokyo/Yokohama, Beijing, Shanghai, Jakarta, Bangkok and Mexico City.
Download or read book Urban Traffic Pollution written by Dietrich Schwela and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise and air pollution from motor vehicles have a major impact on the physical and mental well-being of urban residents worldwide. Although control measures have already been implemented in most developed countries, noise and air pollution have only recently become major problems in many developing countries, as rapid industrial growth, population increase and improved living standards have led to an increase in car ownership. If control measures are not implemented swiftly in developing countries, the effects on public health will be extremely serious.This book, which has been prepared by WHO in collaboration with the Ecotoxicology Service of the Department of Public Health in Geneva, discusses global trends in noise and air pollution from motor vehicles, their effects on public health, and the control measures available.This book discusses: global trends of motor vehicle air pollution its effects on public health the various control measures available.
Download or read book La pollution de l air et les transports urbains written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution de l air dans l environnement urbain written by S. O. Winthrop and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERPURS valuation des risques de la pollution urbaine sur la sant written by Observatoire régional de santé (Ile-de-France). and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
