Download or read book Pollution Charges Community Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.
Download or read book Pollution Charges Community Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.Wang evaluates the strength of the effect that community pressure and pollution charges have on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal cost of pollution abatement. He examines a well-documented set of plant-level data, combined with community-level data, to assess the impact of pollution charges and community pressure on industrial behavior in China.He constructs and estimates an industrial organic water pollution discharge model for plants that violate standards for pollution discharge, pay pollution charges, and are constantly under community pressure to further abate pollution.He creates a model and estimates implicit prices for pollution discharges from community pressure, which are determined jointly by the explicit price, the pollution levy. He finds that the implicit discharge price is at least as high as the explicit price. In other words, community pressure not only exists but may be as strong an incentive as the pollution charge is for industrial firms to control pollution in China. Wang`s modeling approach also provides a way to estimate the marginal cost of pollution abatement. The empirical results show that the current marginal cost of abatement is about twice the effective charge rate in China.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Pollution Charges Commodity Pressure and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.
Download or read book Water Pollution Abatement by Chinese Industry written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surviving Success written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations and enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies.Wang and Chen empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies.Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in China has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution.Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement.Wang and Chen found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement.This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. Hua Wang may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Endogenous Enforcement and Effectiveness of China s Pollution Levy System written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How well air and water pollution regulation is implemented depends very much on both the level of economic development and the actual environmental quality. Pollution pricing is closer to the dictates of environmental economics than China's formal regulatory statutes would suggest, and there is considerable scope for using economic instruments to reduce China's industrial pollution problems.
Download or read book Pricing Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of provincial water pollution control shows that China's pollution levy system has been working much better than is commonly believed. Wang and Wheeler analyze China's experience with the water pollution levy, an emissions charge system that covers hundreds of thousands of factories. The levy experience has not been studied systematically, but anecdotal critiques have suggested that the system is arbitrarily administered and ineffective in controlling pollution. Critics view the levy as a local financing mechanism, but ineffective as a regulatory instrument. Enforcement is thought to vary widely, so that factories in different regions face different penalties for polluting. And it is widely believed that the levy provides little incentive to control pollution because official rates are below marginal abatement costs. Wang and Wheeler test the conventional critique of the levy system using solid new province level data for 1987-93. Their results suggest that the water pollution levy system is neither arbitrary nor ineffective. Across provinces and over time, variations in the effective levy rate are well explained by proxies for local valuation of environmental damage and community capacity to enforce local norms. During 1987-93, rapid development in many provinces led to sharp increases in the effective rate. Their results also suggest that the emissions intensity of Chinese industy was highly responsive to those increases, because marginal abatement costs were often lower than levy rates. And from 1987 to 1993, provincial pollution intensities fell at a median rate of 50 percent, and total discharges at a median rate of 22 percent. The results suggest several lessons for regulators in developing countries: * Local enforcement of national standards will determine the effective price of pollution in each area. Such regional heterogeneity is natural and legitimate. * The locally enforced price of pollution rises with industrial development. * Early in the regulatory process, industrial emissions intensity is highly responsive to changes in the price of pollution, mainly because marginal costs are often quite low in low to medium abatement ranges. In China, provincial adjustments of effective levy rates and other regulatory instruments have been sufficient to induce sharp declines in emissions intensity and reductions in total emissions from registered factories during a period of rapid industrial growth. This paper -- a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20).
Download or read book Industrial Ownership and Environmental Performance written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore the differences in pollution control performance of industries with different types of ownership in China-state-owned (SOE), collectively- or community-owned (COE), privately owned (POE), companies with foreign direct investment (FDI), and joint ventures. About 1,000 industrial firms in three provinces of China were surveyed, and detailed 1999 firm-level information was obtained. The authors analyzed the differences between firms in receiving and reacting to environmental regulatory enforcement, community pressure, environmental services, as well as in the firm's internal environmental management among the different types of ownership. The authors also conducted econometric analyses on the determinants of pollution discharge performance. The results show that foreign direct investment and collectively-owned enterprises have better environmental performances in terms of water pollution discharge intensity, while state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in China are the worst performers. The results also suggest that collectively-owned enterprises in China do internalize environmental externalities.
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China s Top Industrial Polluters written by George Allayannis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations ad enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms' expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies. The authors empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies. Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in china has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution. Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement. The authors found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement. This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.
Download or read book Surviving Success written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler analyze China's industrial pollution problem and the possibilities for significant improvement through policy reform. Their assessment is based on a large-scale econometric exercise, with data provided by China's National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). They focus particularly on two major determinants of changes in the pollution intensity (or pollution per unit of output) of industry: General economic reforms, and China's pollution charge system. Using their econometric equations for forecasting, they develop three future pollution scenarios under varying assumptions about policies during the next two decades: (1) Continuation of the economic reforms with no further tightening of regulation: They find that organic water pollution will stabilize in many areas, and actually decline in some. Emissions of airborne particulates and sulfur dioxide will continue growing, but at a much slower pace than industrial output. However, most of China's waterways will remain heavily polluted and hundreds of thousands of urban residents will continue to die or suffer serious respiratory damage from air pollution. (2) Continued reforms, plus 5% annual increases in pollution charges (maintaining the trend for water pollution charges since 1987): Organic water pollution will decline sharply enough to restore the health of many waterways; air pollution will stabilize or decline in most cities, saving many thousands of lives. (3) Continued reforms, plus 10% annual increases in pollution charges: This option will eliminate most of the organic water pollution from regulated Chinese factories, and induce major improvements in urban air quality. During the next two decades, Beijing and Chongqing alone will have about 40,000 fewer deaths from air pollution if this option is chosen instead of the pure economic reform strategy. Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler conclude the paper with a detailed analysis of the benefits and costs of tighter air pollution control. For a representative Chinese city, Zhengzhou, they find that the optimum charge rate for sulfur dioxide emissions is around $90/ton -- fifty times greater than the current rate. Their analysis also suggests that air pollution control is a very cost-effective lifesaving option, yielding a social rate of return in excess of 3,000% for further abatement in large cities. At the current level of pollution control, they find that continued regulatory inaction amounts to valuing a Chinese worker's life at less than $US 500, a figure which is tragically low by any standard.
Download or read book Greening Industry written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains background and reference material for the text, including the text itself, as well as a slightly modified version of the World Bank's New ideas for pollution regulation (NIPR) web site, current as of 9/29/99. CD-ROM also includes Netscape, Adobe Acrobat, and Real Media audio/video player.
Download or read book Chinese Environmental Governance written by Bingqiang Ren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, leading environmental policy experts from China, USA, and Europe provide a contemporary view of Chinese environmental policy, analyzing current discussions among various actors and agencies. The book covers a wide range of topics including the gap between national policy goals and their local implementation, cultural and social factors shaping political behavior, legal and political systems affecting environmental policy creation and execution, new societal forces participating in environmental policymaking and governance, and local state strategies tasked with navigating a mix of political, legal, and societal forces. Featuring in-depth, empirically-grounded analyses with interdisciplinary approaches, the book is ideal reading for scholars interested in the complex nature of balancing Chinese environmental sustainability and economic growth.
Download or read book Industrial Pollution in Economic Development written by Hemamala Hettige and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greening Industries in Newly Industrializing Economies written by Peter Ho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2006. Over the past decades, the world has witnessed the profound transformation of China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Singapore from impoverished developing regions into strong and internationally competitive economies. Also dubbed Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs), it has become obvious that their rapid development has come at a price. Contrary to their economic successes, these NIEs have been much less successful in terms of ecological sustainability and environmental protection. A critical question in this respect is: how can the state effect the greening of industries and business without inhibiting economic growth? Some scholars have argued that NIEs are situated at an unique juncture: they have an unparalleled opportunity to ?nd different development paths and in so doing to provide models that other countries could follow. With the right policy mix, they might achieve rapid economic development while avoiding environmental degradation on the scale of that created by the United States, Europe-a Union member countries, and other earlier industrialized nations. “Doing it right the ?rst time” – by installing clean technologies and developing the capacity and the governance style to enforce environmental regulations – could lead to “leapfrogging” the development process, and building industrial economies that are both competitive and more sustainable than those economies with an older industrial base. This edited volume examines these issues through case-studies from China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Singapore. It is argued that the NIEs – ?rst and second generations alike – are not truly situated in a more favourable position that allows leapfrogging in the greening of industries. This book brings together a team of leading experts in their ? eld, ranging from development studies, sociology, political studies, and economics. It will be of interest to a wide readership of students and professionals concerned with development in contemporary Asia, with particular reference to environmental studies, industrial pollution control, social movements, and developmental state theory.
Download or read book Technology Natural Resources and Economic Growth written by Shunsuke Managi and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a combination of global data analysis and focused country level analysis, this timely book provides answers to the most pertinent country and industry specific questions defining the current relationship between technology, natural resources and economic growth. Technology, Natural Resources and Economic Growth will provide a valuable resource for a wide readership including postgraduate students, researchers, academics and policy makers working in the fields of environmental and ecological economics.
