Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Nondescript Samples by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gamma-ray spectrometry system has been developed for the Savannah River Plant that when coupled with calorimetry will allow a complete nondestructive assay of various plutonium product and waste materials contained in sealed cans. The computer-based system employs two germanium detectors to obtain spectral information that is analyzed in a unique fashion to obtain plutonium isotopic ratios.

Download or read book High resolution Gamma ray Isotopic Measurements of Uranium Plutonium Samples at IPPE in Support of Physical Inventory Taking Activities written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurement of various U and Pu samples by gamma-ray spectrometry were performed at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering to support physical-inventory-taking activities under the Joint US-Russian MPC and A Program. The resulting data was analyzed by several different methods which included Canberra's MGA9.63 (Pu and MOX analysis) and MGAU (U analysis), EG and G Ortec's MGA++ (Pu and MOX analysis) and U235 (U analysis), and FRAM v2.2 (U and Pu analysis) provided by Los Alamos. The results indicate that all of these codes are capable of performing the isotopic analysis adequately. However, some additional modifications may be required to permit better measurement of some of the more unusual components in the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) inventory to meet the demands of inventory-taking activities.

Download or read book Feasibility Study of Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Resin Beads by Nondestructive Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have initiated a feasibility study on the use of nondestructive low-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy for plutonium isotopic analysis on resin beads. Seven resin bead samples were measured, with each sample containing an average of 9 .mu.g of plutonium; the isotopic compositions of the samples varied over a wide range. The gamma-ray spectroscopy results, obtained from 4-h counting-time measurements, were compared with mass spectrometry results. The average ratios of gamma-ray spectroscopy to mass spectrometry were 1.014 +- 0.025 for 238Pu/239Pu, 0.996 +- 0.018 for 24°Pu/239Pu, and 0.980 +- 0.038 for 241Pu/239Pu. The rapid, automated, and accurate nondestructive isotopic analysis of resin beads may be very useful to process technicians and International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors. 3 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Download or read book An Isotopic Analysis System for Plutonium Samples Enriched in Sup 238 Pu written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have designed and built a gamma-ray spectrometer system that measures the relative plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium oxide enriched in 238Pu. The first system installed at Westinghouse Savannah River Company was tested and evaluated on plutonium oxide in stainless steel EP60/61 containers. 238Pu enrichments ranged from 20% to 85%. Results show that 200 grams of plutonium oxide in an EP60.61 container can be measured with {plus minus}0.3% precision and better than {plus minus}1.0% accuracy in the specific power using a counting time of 50 minutes. 3 refs., 2 figs.

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.

Download or read book Experience with a General Gamma Ray Isotopic Analysis Approach written by W. D. Ruhter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gamma-ray data analysis methodology originally developed for the MGA code to determine the relative detection efficiency curve may also be used to determine the relative amounts of the isotopes being measured. This analysis approach is based on the fact that the intensity of any given gamma ray from a sample is determined by the amount of the emitting isotope present in the sample, the emission probability for the gamma ray being measured, the sample self attenuation, the attenuation due to absorbers between the sample and detector, and the detector efficiency. An equation can be written that describes a measured gamma-ray peak intensity in terms of these parameters. By selecting appropriate gamma-ray peaks from the isotopes of interest, we can solve a set of equations for the values of the parameters in any particular measurement including the relative amounts of the selected isotopes. The equations representing the peak intensities are very nonlinear and require an iterative least squares method to solve. We have developed software to ensure that during the iterative process the parameters stay within their appropriate ranges and converge properly in solving the set of equations under various measurement conditions. We have utilized and reported on this approach for determining the plutonium isotopic abundances in samples enriched in Pu-238 and to determine the U-235 enrichment of uranium samples in thick-walled containers. Recently, we have used this approach to determine the plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium samples in thick-walled containers. We will report on this most recent application, and how this general approach can be adapted quickly to any isotopic analysis problem.

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Measurements by Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nondestructive assay of plutonium is important as a safeguard tool in accounting for stategic nuclear material. Several nondestructive assay techniques, e.g., calorimetry and spontaneous fission assay detectors, require a knowledge of plutonium and americium isotopic ratios to convert their raw data to total grams of plutonium. This paper describes a nondestructive technique for calculating plutonium-238, plutonium-240, plutonium-241 and americium-241 relative to plutonium-239 from measured peak areas in the high resolution gamma-ray spectra of solid plutonium samples. Gamma-ray attenuation effects have been minimized by selecting sets of neighboring peaks in the spectrum whose components are due to the different isotopes. Since the detector efficiencies are approximately the same for adjacent peaks, the accuracy of the isotopic ratios are dependent on the half-lives, branching intensities and measured peak areas. The data presented describes the results obtained by analyzing gamma-ray spectra in the energy region from 120 to 700 keV. The majority of the data analyzed was obtained from plutonium material containing 6% plutonium-240. Sample weights varied from 0.25 g to approximately 1.2 kg. The methods have also been applied to plutonium samples containing up to 23% plutonium-240 with weights of 0.25 to 200g. Results obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy are compared to chemical analyses of aliquots taken from the bulk samples.

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Ratios by Using Low energy Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nondestructive gamma-ray technique has been developed to determine plutonium isotopic ratios. The technique is based on the high-intensity, low-energy gamma rays at 43.48, 45.23, 51.63, 59.54, and 64.83 keV for 238Pu, 24°Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, and 241Pu, respectively. The results demonstrate that this technique can accurately measure plutonium samples in a timely manner and in a wide range of masses, isotopic contents, chemical forms, and ages from chemical processing.

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Measurement for Small Product Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An automated at-line plutonium isotopic analysis system for small-product plutonium samples in the range of 10 to 1000 .mu.g has been developed. The analysis is based on low-energy gamma rays at 43.48 keV (238Pu), 45.23 keV (24°Pu), 51.63 keV (239Pu), 64.83 keV (241Pu-237U), 129.3 keV (239Pu), and 148.6 keV (241Pu). Within a 20-ks counting time, we demonstrated that for plutonium masses> 600 .mu.g the precision is

Download or read book Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory develops sophisticated gamma-ray analysis codes for isotopic determinations of nuclear materials based on the principles of the MultiGroup Analysis (MGA). MGA methodology has been upgraded and expanded and is now comprised of a suite of codes known as MGA++. A graphical user interface has also been developed for viewing the data and the fitting procedure. The code suite provides plutonium and uranium isotopic analysis for data collected with high-purity germanium planar and/or coaxial detector systems. The most recent addition to the MGA++ code suite, MGAHI, analyzes Pu data using higher-energy gamma rays (200 keV and higher) and is particularly useful for Pu samples that are enclosed in thick-walled containers. Additionally, the code suite can perform isotopic analysis of uranium spectra collected with cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors. We are currently developing new codes with will integrate into the MGA++ suite. These will include Pu isotopic analysis capabilities for data collected with CZT detectors, and U isotopic analysis with high-purity germanium detectors, which utilizes only higher energy gamma rays. Future development of MGA++ will include a capability for isotopic analyses on mixtures of Pu and U.

Download or read book Actinide Isotopic Analysis Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides instructions and procedures for using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's two-detector actinide isotope analysis system to measure plutonium samples with other possible actinides (including uranium, americium, and neptunium) by gamma-ray spectrometry. The computer program that controls the system and analyzes the gamma-ray spectral data is driven by a menu of one-, two-, or three-letter options chosen by the operator. Provided in this manual are descriptions of these options and their functions, plus detailed instructions (operator dialog) for choosing among the options. Also provided are general instructions for calibrating the actinide isotropic analysis system and for monitoring its performance. The inventory measurement of a sample's total plutonium and other actinides content is determined by two nondestructive measurements. One is a calorimetry measurement of the sample's heat or power output, and the other is a gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of its relative isotopic abundances. The isotopic measurements needed to interpret the observed calorimetric power measurement are the relative abundances of various plutonium and uranium isotopes and americium-241. The actinide analysis system carries out these measurements. 8 figs.

Download or read book Mandskoret S nderborg 1921 1931 Festskrift Udgivet i anledning af 10 Aaret for Foreningens Stiftelse written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Uranium and Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using MGA written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory develops sophisticated gamma-ray analysis codes for the isotopic analysis of nuclear materials based on the principles used in the original MultiGroup Analysis (MGA) code. Over the years, the MGA methodology has been upgraded and expanded far beyond its original capabilities and is now comprised of a suite of codes known as MGA++. The early MGA code analyzed Pu gamma-ray data collected with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors to yield Pu isotopic ratios. While the original MGA code relied solely on the lower-energy gamma rays (around 100 keV), the most recent addition to the MGA++ code suite, MGAHI, analyzes Pu data using higher-energy gamma rays (200 keV and higher) and is particulatly useful for Pu samples - that are enclosed in thick-walled containers. The MGA++ suite also includes capabilities to perform U isotopic analysis on data collected with either HPGe or cadmium-zinc-tellutide (CZT) detectors. These codes are commercially available and are known as U235 and CZTU, respectively. A graphical user interface has also been developed for viewing the data and the fitting procedure. In addition, we are developing new codes that will integrate into the MGA++ suite. These will include Pu isotopic analysis capabilities for data collected with CZT detectors, U isotopic analysis with HPGe detectors which utilizes only higher energy gamma rays, and isotopic analyses on mixtures of Pu and U.

Download or read book Simulations of Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium by Gamma ray Spectroscopy Near 640 KeV written by M. William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by Thomas E. Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non destructive Assay Of sup 242 Pu by Resonance Neutron Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the accurate assay of plutonium by neutron correlation measurements, especially for material derived from high-burnup reactor fuel, the content of[sup 242]Pu in a sample must be determined. Since[sup 242]Pu has a long half-life (387,000 yr) and decays to[sup 238]U by alpha particle emission with the accompanying emission of only weak, low-energy gamma rays, gamma-ray spectrometry methods which are ordinarily employed to determine the isotopic composition of a plutonium sample are not feasible for[sup 242]Pu. The existence of a resonance in the neutron capture cross section of[sup 242]Pu at an energy of 2.67 electron volts (eV) with a large (72, 000 barn) cross section affords the possibility for the quantitative assay of this isotope by epithermal neutron capture. Essential for this purpose is an appropriately designed geometry of neutron moderators and absorbers which will provide maximum flux in the eV region while suppressing thermal neutron capture by the fissile plutonium isotopes. Signatures for neutron capture in[sup 242]Pu include the decay of[sup 243]Pu (4.9 hr), prompt capture gamma rays (total energy 5.034 MeV), and the decay of an isomeric state (330 nanosecond). Experiments to determine the feasibility of this approach are currently in progress.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: