Download or read book Physiological Responses at the Rating of Perceived Exertion at and Above the Gas Exchange Threshold During Treadmill Running written by Kristen C. Cochrane and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purposes of this study were to examine: 1) the metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and velocity responses during continuous, constant rating of .perceived exertion (RPE) runs at the RPE corresponding to the velocity at the gas exchange threshold (RPEGET) and 15% above GET (RPE GET+15%); and 2) the metabolic efficiency changes during continuous, constant RPE runs at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%. Eleven moderately trained runners performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. GET and GET+15% were determined from the incremental test to exhaustion, and the velocity at GET and GET+15% were used to estimate the RPEGET and RPEGET+15% using linear regression. On separate days, subjects performed 60 min runs at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%, and physiological, neuromuscular, and perceptual responses were recorded. Polynomial regression analyses were used to examine the patterns of responses for all of the variables and paired-samples t-tests were used to determine changes in metabolic efficiency at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%. The results of the polynomial regression analyses indicated that there were negative, quadratic relationships (R2 = 0.96 -- 0.99) for V˙ O2, RER, V˙ E, and velocity vs. time at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%; positive, quadratic relationships (R2 = 0.87 and 0.74) for Fb vs. time at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%; and positive, linear (r2 = 0.73), and no significant (r2 = 0.0) relationships for HR vs. time at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%, respectively. There were negative, linear relationships (r2 = 0.96 and 0.63) for VL and VM EMG RMS vs. time, and positive, linear relationships (r 2 = 0.72 and 0.40) for VL and VM EMG MPF vs. time at RPEGET. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship (r2 = 0.16) for VL EMG RMS vs. time, a positive, quadratic relationship (R2 = 0.74) for VM EMG RMS vs. time, and positive, quadratic relationships (R 2 = 0.73 and 0.96) for VL and VM EMG MPF vs. time at RPEGET+15% . There were decreases in metabolic efficiency at RPEGET and RPEGET+15%. These findings indicated that the only variable that tracked RPE was the normalized, composite HR vs. time response at RPE GET+15%, and that treadmill running at RPEGET and RPE GET+15% was sustainable for up to 60 min.
Download or read book Physiological Responses at the Critical Heart Rate During Treadmill Running written by Haley C. Bergstrom and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine if the critical heart rate (CHR) model for cycle ergometry can be applied to treadmill running; and 2) examine the times to exhaustion (Tlim) as well as the VO2, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) responses during constant heart rate (HR) runs at CHR-5 b˙min-1 (CHR-5), CHR, and CHR+5 b˙min-1 (CHR+5). Thirteen runners performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. On separate days, 4 constant velocity runs to exhaustion were performed. The total number of heart beats (HBlim) for each velocity was calculated as the product of the average 5 s HR and Tlim. The CHR was the slope coefficient of the HBlim versus Tlim relationship. The physiological responses were recorded during the constant HR runs. Polynomial regression analyses were used to examine the patterns of responses for all. The HBlim versus Tlim relationship (r2 = 0.995 - 1.000) was described by the linear equation: HBlim = a + CHR (Tlim). The CHR-5 (mean +/- SD = 171 +/- 8 b˙min-1, 88 +/- 3% HRpeak), CHR (175 +/- 8 b 8 b˙min-1 , 91 +/- 3% HRpeak), and CHR+5 (178 +/- 6 b˙min -1, 94 +/- 3% HRpeak) were maintained for 56.97 +/- 1.23, 48.37 +/- 11.04, and 20.11 +/- 16.08 min, respectively. There was no change in HR, quadratic decreases in velocity and VO 2, and quadratic or linear increase in RPE during continuous runs at a constant HR. At CHR-5, EMG AMP decreased and EMG MPF increased. There was an increase in EMG AMP and no change in EMG MPF at CHR, while there was no change in EMG AMP and EMG MPF decreased at CHR+5. These findings indicated the CHR model for cycle ergometry was applicable to treadmill running, and, on average, HR values that were less than or equal to the CHR, represented sustainable (30 to 60 min) intensities, while CHR+5 did not.
Download or read book The Effect of Auditory motor Synchronization on Physiological Responses and Perceived Exertion During Treadmill Running Music written by Tracy J. Kiel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchronous, asynchronous, and no music were compared to determine the effect of synchronization of musical tempo and running cadence on physiological and perceptual responses to exercise. Eight subjects, three males and five females, participated in one assessment trial and three experimental trials. During the assessment trial, subjects performed a VO2max test, and researchers then calculated running cadence at a velocity approximating 70 percent of VO2max. During the three experimental trials, subjects ran for 20 minutes at approximately 70 percent of VO2max on a motorized treadmill with synchronous, asynchronous, and no music, where the order of trials was randomly assigned to each participant. VO2, blood lactate, heart rate, perceived exertion, and cadence were recorded every five minutes. A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for time on RPE, HR, VO2, and blood lactate. The effect of music condition was not significant, p>.05. Results and recommendations for further studies are discussed.
Download or read book Physiological Response to Body Weight supported Treadmill Exercise in Healthy Adults written by Haylee Elizabeth Donaghe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To determine whether the relationships of heartrate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and ground reaction forces (GRFs) with oxygen consumption per unit time (VO2) during treadmill exercise are altered by partial body weight support (BWS) via lower-body positive pressure. Design: Repeated-measures design. Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory. Participants: Twelve healthy, active adults (N=12); mean age ± SD, 45.1± 12.6 years. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: VO2, heart rate, RPE, and GRFs were measured during walking and running at 3 levels (0%, 25%, 50%) of BWS. Before exercise, standing heart rate and blood pressure were measured under each BWS condition. Results: Standing heart rates were 7 beats/min lower (P
Download or read book Physiological and Psychophysical Factors in the Rating of Perceived Exertion During Uphill Overground and Treadmill Running written by Stephen Chris Olivier and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lactate Threshold written by Ron T. Garner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic treadmill running has become increasingly popular for rehabilitation and training purposes due to decreased joint impact on the lower extremities, which is beneficial for special populations such as the injured, elderly, arthritic, and obese (Greene et al., 2009; Hall, Grant, Blake, Taylor, & Garbutt, 2004). Accordingly, researchers have compared key differences such as heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), stride frequency, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between land and water running at maximal and submaximal efforts (Brubaker, Ozemek, Gonzalez, Wiley, & Collins, 2011; Rife, Myrer, Feland, Hunter, & Fellingham, 2010; Rutledge, Silvers, Browder, & Dolny, 2007; Silvers, Rutledge, & Dolny, 2007). As the benefits of aquatic treadmill running continue to be unveiled, there is an interest for healthy individuals to use the system to supplement training while limiting joint stress. Rutledge et al. (2007) revealed VO2 values at 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 mph on an aquatic treadmill with no jet resistance to be 33.97 ℗ł 4.0, 37.96 ℗ł 4.0, and 43.6 ℗ł 4.0 mL0́Økg-10́Ømin-1, respectively. Watson et al. (2012) also revealed VO2 values on an aquatic treadmill at 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 mph with no jet resistance to be 20.58 ℗ł 3.36, 29.27 ℗ł 3.89, and 35.77 ℗ł 4.02 mL0́Økg-10́Ømin-1, respectively. These articles demonstrate the linear relationship that exists with increasing workloads with concomitant increases in VO2 with aquatic treadmill running. As metabolic demands increase, a reliance on anaerobic metabolism ensues and the work rate at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood is called the lactate threshold (LT) (Stainsby & Brooks, 1990). The importance of determining LT is supported by a large body of evidence to predict aerobic endurance capacity (Faude, Kindermann, & Meyer, 2009). As such, researchers have employed great efforts to predict LT via field tests to determine the correct training intensity for endurance athletes (McGehee, Tanner, & Houmard, 2005).An early study of LT revealed a strong relationship (r 9́Æ .91) between treadmill velocity at the onset of plasma lactate accumulation and running performance at distances ranging from 3.2 km to 42 km (Farrell, Wilmore, Coyle, Billing, and Costill, 1979). In other words, a faster sustainable work rate prior to a lactate accumulation or threshold will increase performance. Comparisons for lactate concentrations during deep water and land treadmill running have been examined previously. Frangolias and Rhodes (1996) reviewed that during submaximal intensities of deep water versus land running, at the same relative VO2 water exercise resulted in a lower HR with higher blood lactate, RER, and RPE. These same authors previously reported that at maximal efforts on land versus deep water running, there was no statistical difference between lactate concentrations 30 s and 5 min post-exercise (Frangolias & Rhodes, 1995). However, not all water immersion running studies support similar peak lactate values (Frangolias & Rhodes, 1996; Svedenhag & Seger, 1992).In a shallow water pool, a study by Town and Bradley (1991) revealed no statistical differences between land and water running for peak lactate values. However, lactate concentration in the water was 80% of that from land exercise. The authors stated that the 0́−push-off0́+ phase, which enabled ground contact, elicited similar running technique to land treadmills and could be partially responsible for similar physiological responses to land.In recent years the availability of aquatic treadmills allows for a more favorable comparison of land and water running due to the implication of the 0́−push-off0́+ phase as discussed by Town and Bradley. Silvers et al. (2007) revealed no statistical difference between peak lactate concentrations in VO2peak tests run on land versus aquatic treadmills. Zobell (2009) examined a comparison of LT between land and aquatic treadmill running which showed higher lactate levels in the water compared to land. However, no clear answers have developed as to a comparison of the LT on land vs. aquatic treadmill running. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the LT while running on a land and an aquatic treadmill and compare to see if the intensities are equivalent.
Download or read book Physical Fitness sports Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of citations selected from those contained in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System.
Download or read book Perception of Exertion in Physical Exercise written by Gunnar Borg and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-06-18 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perceived Exertion for Practitioners written by Robert J. Robertson and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2004 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With Perceived Exertion for Practitioners: Rating Effort With the OMNI Picture System,you'll have the most up-to-date, innovative way to rate clients' physical exertion in your professional practices. You'll be able to expand your knowledge of perceived exertion as used today by health and fitness specialists and clinical therapeutic practitioners, and you'll learn how to apply the newly developed OMNI Picture System of perceived exertion. Author and highly acclaimed researcher Robert Robertson developed the OMNI Picture System, which uses picture scales to enable exercisers to rate their exertion visually. In this text, Dr. Robertson presents real-life scenarios involving perceptually based exercise assessments and programming using the OMNI Scaling System. The scenarios focus on people with various training and conditioning needs, from improving personal health to developing recreational and competitive fitness. By rating their effort based on pictures of other exercisers, your clients will be able to accurately set and regulate their conditioning intensity using a target rating of perceived exertion (RPE) zone. Special features of Perceived Exertion for Practitionersinclude the following: -11 OMNI picture scales, which apply to all types of exercise and are reproducible for use as handouts, in fitness facilities, and in classrooms -Sample instructions on what to say to clients in various situations -Both clinical and field-based perceptual tests for use in aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance exercise assessments -Case studies that describe the clients' characteristics, identify the exercise need, and present an action plan to meet that need using RPE as the training zone -Actual programs for aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance training that employ OMNI Scale RPE zones to guide intensity Perceived Exertion for Practitionersgives you a broader understanding of perceived exertion, and you'll be able to apply what's in the text by using the 11 picture scales included. The text is a must-have for anyone looking for a better way to use ratings of perceived exertion to develop training programs.
Download or read book Comparison of the Stationary Bicycle Treadmill and Step treadmill Based on Physiological Responses and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Submaximal and Maximal Exercise written by Marva Lynn Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Added Weights on the Physiological Responses to Treadmill Walking in Healthy Adults written by Karen E. Krstich and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Various Physiological Responses on Ratings of Perceived Exertion Before and After Training written by Rick Carter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract.
Download or read book The Blood Lactate Response to Exercise written by Arthur Weltman and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a review on blood lactate threshold and exercise. This book examines how to accurately measure the blood lactate response to exercise and provides information on how to use this technique to create effective sport-specific training programmes.
Download or read book Physical Fitness sports Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Various Physiological Responses on Ratings of Perceived Exertion Before and After Training written by David R. Carter and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pulmonary Gas Exchange written by G. Kim Prisk and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It does so through the process of passive diffusion. Effective diffusion is accomplished by intricate parallel structures of airways and blood vessels designed to bring ventilation and perfusion together in an appropriate ratio in the same place and at the same time. Gas exchange is determined by the ventilation-perfusion ratio in each of the gas exchange units of the lung. In the normal lung ventilation and perfusion are well matched, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio is remarkably uniform among lung units, such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries is less than 10 Torr lower than that in the alveolar space. In disease, the disruption to ventilation-perfusion matching and to diffusional transport may result in inefficient gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. This volume covers the basics of pulmonary gas exchange, providing a central understanding of the processes involved, the interactions between the components upon which gas exchange depends, and basic equations of the process.
