Download or read book Physiological Determination of Clutch size in Birds written by Sacha Haywood and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prolactin and Avian Clutch Size written by Calen Patrick Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clutch size is a fundamental predictor of avian fitness, and has been widely studied from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. However, surprisingly little is known about the physiological mechanisms that integrate environmental and state dependant cues into individually variable responses in clutch size. The only formal mechanistic hypothesis for avian clutch-size determination predicts an anti-gonadal effect of prolactin (PRL) via the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH), and has become widely accepted despite little experimental support. I experimentally tested the PRL-based mechanistic model for clutch size determination in an avian model system, Taeniopygia guttata using two complementary approaches. The first involved the pharmacological manipulation of PRL, while the second entailed experimentally enlarging clutch size. Contrary to predictions based on the PRL-based mechanistic model, PRL, LH and clutch size were effectively uncoupled through experimental manipulation. These findings expose a serious gap in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of clutch size, a key life history trait.
Download or read book Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds written by Tony D. Williams and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-05 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration of female avian reproductive physiology and ecology, and an emphasis on individual variation in life-history traits. Tony Williams investigates the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the key female-specific reproductive traits and the trade-offs between these traits that determine variation in fitness. The core of the book deals with the avian reproductive cycle, from seasonal gonadal development, through egg laying and incubation, to chick rearing. Reproduction is considered in the context of the annual cycle and through an individual's entire life history. The book focuses on timing of breeding, clutch size, egg size and egg quality, and parental care. It also provides a primer on female reproductive physiology and considers trade-offs and carryover effects between reproduction and other life-history stages. In each chapter, Williams describes individual variation in the trait of interest and the evolutionary context for trait variation. He argues that there is only a rudimentary, and in some cases nonexistent, understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the major reproductive life-history traits, and that research efforts should refocus on these key unresolved problems by incorporating detailed physiological studies into existing long-term population studies, generating a new synthesis of physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds written by Tony D. Williams and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration of female avian reproductive physiology and ecology, and an emphasis on individual variation in life-history traits. Tony Williams investigates the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the key female-specific reproductive traits and the trade-offs between these traits that determine variation in fitness. The core of the book deals with the avian reproductive cycle, from seasonal gonadal development, through egg laying and incubation, to chick rearing. Reproduction is considered in the context of the annual cycle and through an individual's entire life history. The book focuses on timing of breeding, clutch size, egg size and egg quality, and parental care. It also provides a primer on female reproductive physiology and considers trade-offs and carryover effects between reproduction and other life-history stages. In each chapter, Williams describes individual variation in the trait of interest and the evolutionary context for trait variation. He argues that there is only a rudimentary, and in some cases nonexistent, understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the major reproductive life-history traits, and that research efforts should refocus on these key unresolved problems by incorporating detailed physiological studies into existing long-term population studies, generating a new synthesis of physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Download or read book The Determination of Clutch size in Birds written by H. Klomp and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Incubation Periods of Birds written by W. H. Bergtold and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Study of the Incubation Periods of Birds: What Determines Their Lengths? In the course of certain studies in ornithology, more particularly avian physiology, undertaken by the author several years ago, it early became apparent that the factors fixing or determining the length of the incubation period with different birds was largely, if not wholly, unknown. The following pages give the results of a prolonged and detailed study of this phase of bird physiology. The author regards all zoologic classification as a means, not an end; the classification adopted in this work is merely a means of facilitating the handling of a mass of data full of contradictions and uncertainties, and the selection of this particular bird classification was governed by a question of expediency only; obviously the author in no way wishes to be understood as believing this classification to be the best, or the only one. The author believes, however, that this classification is an up-to-date reflection of our present knowledge of the relation of vario'us birds to each other. It is inevitable that mistakes of various sorts will be found in this book; in extenuation of such errors the author trusts that his critics will recall that the labor involved in the investigations reviewed in the following pages was one of love, and carried on in the spare moments of a fairly busy professional life. A brief resume of pages 43 to 76 of this book was read before the Annual Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union at Philadelphia, November 15, 1916. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Avian Brood Parasitism written by Manuel Soler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brood parasitism has become one of the most flourishing areas of research in evolutionary ecology and one of the best model systems for investigating coevolution. This subject has undergone remarkable advances during the last two decades, but has not been covered by any book in the 21st century. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the fascinating field of avian brood parasitism. The topics covered include conspecific brood parasitism; evolution and phylogenetic history of avian brood parasites; parasitic behaviour used by brood parasites; adaptations and counter-adaptations of brood parasites and their hosts at every stage of the breeding cycle (before laying, egg, chick and fledgling stages); factors affecting the evolution of host defences and parasitic attacks; the role of phenotypic plasticity in host defences; mechanisms driving egg recognition and rejection; evolution of nest sharing or nest killing by brood parasite chicks; begging behaviour in parasitized nests and food delivery by host adults; and recognition of conspecifics by juvenile brood parasites. This volume provides a comprehensive reference resource for readers and researchers with an interest in birds, behaviour and evolution, as well as a source of hypotheses and predictions for future investigations into this dynamic subject.
Download or read book Nest Predation Clutch Size and Physiological Costs of Egg Production in the Song Sparrow Melospiza Melodia written by Marc Travers and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examined the effects of nest predation on both clutch size and the physiological cost of egg production using a clutch removal experiment in free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), inducing high nest predation (HNP) females to produce many replacement clutches compared to low nest predation (LNP) females. In a preliminary analysis we investigated the utility of multiple measures to assess physiological condition, including inter-correlations between physiological traits, sex differences, and the relationship between physiological traits and reproductive performance (laying date). In our main study, experimental nest predation resulted in HNP females laying 11% fewer eggs per replacement clutch. As a result of frequent re-nesting, HNP birds produced 57% more clutches (3.0 vs 4.7) and laid 41% more eggs in total. Physiological condition of HNP females' declined during the experiment associated with the increase in egg production and we suggest these results are consistent with physiological costs of egg production.
Download or read book Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Birds written by J. Eduardo P. W. Bicudo and published by . This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining avian physiology in detail, this text specifically addresses the unique physiological characteristics of birds, although experimental techniques and future research directions are also considered.
Download or read book Wildlife Demography written by John R. Skalski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Demography compiles the multitude of available estimation techniques based on sex and age data, and presents these varying techniques in one organized, unified volume. Designed to guide researchers to the most appropriate estimator based upon their particular data set and the desired level of study precision, this book provides quantitative consideration, statistical models, estimator variance, assumptions and examples of use. The authors focus on estimation techniques using sex and age ratios because this data is relatively easy to collect and commonly used by wildlife management. - Applicable to a wide array of wildlife species, including game and non-game birds and mammals - Features more than 100 annotated examples illustrating application of statistical methods - Includes more than 640 references of the analysis of nontagging data and the factors that may influence interpretation - Derives historical and ad hoc demographic methods in a modern statistical framework
Download or read book Clutch Size Determination in Precocial Birds with Self feeding Chicks written by Markku Milonoff and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Book of Eggs written by Mark E. Hauber and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the brilliantly green and glossy eggs of the Elegant Crested Tinamou—said to be among the most beautiful in the world—to the small brown eggs of the house sparrow that makes its nest in a lamppost and the uniformly brown or white chickens’ eggs found by the dozen in any corner grocery, birds’ eggs have inspired countless biologists, ecologists, and ornithologists, as well as artists, from John James Audubon to the contemporary photographer Rosamond Purcell. For scientists, these vibrant vessels are the source of an array of interesting topics, from the factors responsible for egg coloration to the curious practice of “brood parasitism,” in which the eggs of cuckoos mimic those of other bird species in order to be cunningly concealed among the clutches of unsuspecting foster parents. The Book of Eggs introduces readers to eggs from six hundred species—some endangered or extinct—from around the world and housed mostly at Chicago’s Field Museum of Natural History. Organized by habitat and taxonomy, the entries include newly commissioned photographs that reproduce each egg in full color and at actual size, as well as distribution maps and drawings and descriptions of the birds and their nests where the eggs are kept warm. Birds’ eggs are some of the most colorful and variable natural products in the wild, and each entry is also accompanied by a brief description that includes evolutionary explanations for the wide variety of colors and patterns, from camouflage designed to protect against predation, to thermoregulatory adaptations, to adjustments for the circumstances of a particular habitat or season. Throughout the book are fascinating facts to pique the curiosity of binocular-toting birdwatchers and budding amateurs alike. Female mallards, for instance, invest more energy to produce larger eggs when faced with the genetic windfall of an attractive mate. Some seabirds, like the cliff-dwelling guillemot, have adapted to produce long, pointed eggs, whose uneven weight distribution prevents them from rolling off rocky ledges into the sea. A visually stunning and scientifically engaging guide to six hundred of the most intriguing eggs, from the pea-sized progeny of the smallest of hummingbirds to the eggs of the largest living bird, the ostrich, which can weigh up to five pounds, The Book of Eggs offers readers a rare, up-close look at these remarkable forms of animal life.
Download or read book Biology and Comparative Physiology of Birds written by A. J. Marshall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Comparative Physiology of Birds, Volume II focuses on the physiology, sexual characteristics, sensory organs, nervous system, and reproduction of birds. The selection first offers information on the central nervous system and sensory organ of birds, as well as cerebralization and related problems, brain, spinal cord, skin, taste, and olfaction. The book then ponders on equilibration, vision, and hearing of birds. Topics include regulation of somatic musculature, sensory structures and their nerves, retina, color vision, and structure of the ear. The publication examines endocrine glands, thymus, and pineal body and sex and secondary sexual characters, including genetic sex and sex differentiation, adrenal and parathyroid glands, and pituitary or hypophysis. The text also takes a look at energy metabolism, thermoregulation, body temperature, reproduction, breeding seasons and migration, and flight of birds. The selection is a vital source of information for readers interested in the physiology of birds.
Download or read book A Study of The Incubation Periods of Birds written by W H Bergtold and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking scientific study, W.H. Bergtold offers a comprehensive analysis of the incubation periods of a wide variety of bird species. Drawing on data collected over many years of research, Bergtold provides a detailed account of how different factors-such as temperature, humidity, and nesting habits-can affect the length of an egg's incubation period. The book also includes many fascinating observations about the behavior and physiology of various bird species, and offers insights into the evolutionary processes that have shaped their reproductive biology. This is an essential resource for anyone interested in avian biology, or in the broader field of evolutionary biology. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Conceptual Breakthroughs in Evolutionary Ecology written by Laurence Mueller and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although biologists recognize evolutionary ecology by name, many only have a limited understanding of its conceptual roots and historical development. Conceptual Breakthroughs in Evolutionary Ecology fills that knowledge gap in a thought-provoking and readable format. Written by a world-renowned evolutionary ecologist, this book embodies a unique blend of expertise in combining theory and experiment, population genetics and ecology. Following an easily-accessible structure, this book encapsulates and chronologizes the history behind evolutionary ecology. It also focuses on the integration of age-structure and density-dependent selection into an understanding of life-history evolution. - Covers over 60 seminal breakthroughs and paradigm shifts in the field of evolutionary biology and ecology - Modular format permits ready access to each described subject - Historical overview of a field whose concepts are central to all of biology and relevant to a broad audience of biologists, science historians, and philosophers of science
Download or read book Behavioral Development written by Klaus Immelmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981-11-30 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sturkie s Avian Physiology written by Colin G. Scanes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-06 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sturkie's Avian Physiology, Seventh Edition is the classic comprehensive single volume on the physiology of domestic as well as wild birds. This latest edition is thoroughly revised and updated and features several new chapters with entirely new content on such topics as vision, sensory taste, pain reception, evolution, and domestication. Chapters throughout have been greatly expanded due to the many recent advances in the field. This book is written by international experts in different aspects of avian physiology. For easy reading and searches, this book is structured under a series of themes, beginning with genomic studies, sensory biology and nervous systems, and major organs. The chapters then move on to investigate metabolism, endocrine physiology, reproduction, and finally cross-cutting themes such as stress and rhythms. New chapters on feathers and skin are featured as well. Sturkie's Avian Physiology, Seventh Edition is an important resource for ornithologists, poultry scientists, and other researchers in avian studies. It is also useful for students in avian or poultry physiology, as well as avian veterinarians. - Stands out as the only single volume devoted to bird physiology - Features updates, revisions, or additions to each chapter - Written and edited by international leaders in avian studies
