Download or read book Physical Modeling of Large Area Fire Plumes written by M. Poreh and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study identified four regions of distinct characteristics in large-area fires: a shallow combustion layer, a radial convective boundary layer, a central core and a vertical convective plume. Vigorous mixing with the ambient air occurs in the radial convective boundary layer, where the hot burned fuel rises in the form of thermals. Such thermals are formed over continuous combustion layers as well as over large-area fires made of many distinct closely spaced, small fires. The rapid rise of the thermals induces subsidence of fresh, cool air between the thermals, as observed in atmospheric convective boundary layers. The buoyancy flux also induces radial flow toward the central core. The magnitude of the induced radial velocities are found to be smaller than those suggested in some previous studies, but are in good agreement with observations in Project Flambeau. The radial flow causes the combined plume above the combustion layer to pinch before it rises in the form of a convective plume. At large heights, the convective plume behaves as a weak plume with a virtual origin at approximately z/R = -1.65. This suggests that the maximum plume rise in upper stably-stratified layers would be much smaller than the maximum plume rise from a point source at the ground with the same buoyancy flux. Keywords: Fires, Storms, Wind.
Download or read book Process Systems Risk Management written by Ian T. Cameron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-06-14 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process Systems Risk Management provides complete coverage of risk management concepts and applications for safe design and operation of industrial and other process facilities. The whole life cycle of the process or product is taken into account, from its conception to decommissioning. The breadth of human factors in risk management is also treated, ranging from personnel and public safety to environmental impact and business interruption. This unique approach to process risk management is firmly grounded in systems engineering. Numerous examples are used to illustrate important concepts –drawn from almost 40 years authors’ experience in risk analysis, assessment and management, with applications in both on- and off-shore operations. This book is essential reading on the relevant techniques to tackle risk management activities for small-, medium- and large-scale operations in the process industries. It is aimed at informing a wide audience of industrial risk management practitioners, including plant managers, engineers, health professionals, town planners, and administrators of regulatory agencies. A computational perspective on the risk management of chemical processes A multifaceted approach that includes the technical, social, human and management factors Includes numerous examples and illustrations from real life incidents
Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular TRAC written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-08 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildland Fire Behaviour written by Mark A. Finney and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2021-11 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires have an irreplaceable role in sustaining many of our forests, shrublands and grasslands. They can be used as controlled burns or occur as free-burning wildfires, and can sometimes be dangerous and destructive to fauna, human communities and natural resources. Through scientific understanding of their behaviour, we can develop the tools to reliably use and manage fires across landscapes in ways that are compatible with the constraints of modern society while benefiting the ecosystems. The science of wildland fire is incomplete, however. Even the simplest fire behaviours – how fast they spread, how long they burn and how large they get – arise from a dynamical system of physical processes interacting in unexplored ways with heterogeneous biological, ecological and meteorological factors across many scales of time and space. The physics of heat transfer, combustion and ignition, for example, operate in all fires at millimetre and millisecond scales but wildfires can become conflagrations that burn for months and exceed millions of hectares. Wildland Fire Behaviour: Dynamics, Principles and Processes examines what is known and unknown about wildfire behaviours. The authors introduce fire as a dynamical system along with traditional steady-state concepts. They then break down the system into its primary physical components, describe how they depend upon environmental factors, and explore system dynamics by constructing and exercising a nonlinear model. The limits of modelling and knowledge are discussed throughout but emphasised by review of large fire behaviours. Advancing knowledge of fire behaviours will require a multidisciplinary approach and rely on quality measurements from experimental research, as covered in the final chapters.
Download or read book Flow and Transport Processes with Complex Obstructions written by Yevgeny A. Gayev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book that reviews problems in different fluid mechanics disciplines that led to the concept of canopy, or penetrable roughness. Despite their diversity, many flows may be theoretically united by means of introducing distributed sinks and/or sources of momentum and heat and mass. These and other flows in engineering and environmental situations over surfaces with many obstacles are reviewed in terms of general concepts of fluid mechanics.
Download or read book An Experiment and Model of a Fire Plume Rising from a Burning Heat Source of Finite Size written by K. Nitta and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental work and a modeling study are reported concerning the properties of fire plumes produced in the early stage of burning combustibles on the floor in a room. The experimental work is concerned with the measurements of the space distributions of the time-mean upward velocity and temperature in the plume formed by a burning methanol pool. An important finding is the existence of the acceleration of the upward plume velocity up to the flame height, a behaviour which is widely different from that characteristic of jets with large initial momentum. In modeling the fire plume, a formulation is made for each of two regions bounded by the flame height. The generation of heat is calculated on the assumptions of one global reaction and the reaction rate being in proportion to the entrained air flow rate. Numerical calculations are performed for the same conditions as the experiments, and empirical constants such as the excess air ratio and the entrainment coefficient are determined from the experimental results.
Download or read book Advances in Modeling of Fluid Dynamics written by Chaoqun Liu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twelve chapters detailing significant advances and applications in fluid dynamics modeling with focus on biomedical, bioengineering, chemical, civil and environmental engineering, aeronautics, astronautics, and automotive. We hope this book can be a useful resource to scientists and engineers who are interested in fundamentals and applications of fluid dynamics.
Download or read book Whole World on Fire written by Lynn Eden and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author explores how the US government has underestimated the damage caused by nuclear weapons, leading it to build far more - and far more destructive - warheads than are needed for war-planning purposes. She explores how this could have happened and the consequences for defense policy.
Download or read book Advancements in Aerodynamics Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics written by Roger E. A. Arndt and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1986 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Download or read book Analysis of the Burning Region and Plume of a Large Fire written by R. D. Small and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strongly buoyant flow generated in a around a large area fire is analyzed. Jump conditions applicable at the fire periphery are used to affect model problem closure, thus permitting calculation of induced fire winds independent of a far-field analysis. Combustion processes are modeled by a volume heat addition. The induced flow is compressible, with arbitrary changes in temperature and density allowed. In one parameter limit, a closed-form solution is developed that concisely describes the basic interchanges of energy and momentum as well as the role of pressure gradients in fire-wind generation. The full analysis is applied in simulation of the hydrothermodynamics of a multiple-fuel-bed Flambeau fire. Computed results duplicate observed flow patterns. A parametric analysis explores the influence of combustion zone dimensions, heating rate, radiation, and turbulent diffusion on the solution for even larger fires. Next, hydrocode solutions are presented for fires of city size with radii of several kilometers and flame heights of 100 m. The atmospheric response as a function of time is illustrated. Vortex motions generated by the fire influence both the inflow and plume structure. A fairly persistent circulatory flow develops below the tropopause. Periodically, however, the tropopause is penetrated, and an upper level counter rotating flow develops that may contain some combustion products from the central fire region. The results suggest the formation of distinct smoke strata in the lower atmosphere, with some particulate and aerosol mass entering the stratosphere. Keywords: Nuclear weapons fires; Earth atmospheric response to fire plumes.
Download or read book Progress in Scale Modeling written by Kozo Saito and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scale modeling can play an important role in R&D. When engineers receive some ideas in new product development, they can test how the new design looks by bui- ing scale models and they can get an actual feeling with the prototype through their imagination. Professor Emori often said: “When children play with a toy airplane, their mind is wondering about the prototype airplane which they haven’t ridden. ” Children can use the scale model airplane as a means to enter into an imagi- tive world of wonder by testing in their own way how the actual airplane might function, how the actual airplane can maneuver aerodynamically, what might be the actual sound of a jet engine, how to safely land the actual airplane, and so on. This imagination that scale models can provide for children will help them later develop professional intuition. Physical scale models can never be entirely succe- fully replaced by computer screens where virtual models are displayed and fancy functions are demonstrated. Not only children but also adults can learn things by actually touching things only offered by physical models, helping all of us develop imagination and feeling eventually leading toward Kufu. Einstein’s famous “thought experiments [11],” which helped him to restructure modern physics may possibly and effectively be taught by letting researchers play with scale models!? References 1. I. Emori, K. Saito, and K. Sekimoto, Mokei Jikken no Riron to Ouyou (Scale Models in Engineering: Its Theory and Application), Gihodo, Tokyo, Third Edition, 2000.
Download or read book SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering written by Morgan J. Hurley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 3510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and significantly expanded, the fifth edition of this classic work offers both new and substantially updated information. As the definitive reference on fire protection engineering, this book provides thorough treatment of the current best practices in fire protection engineering and performance-based fire safety. Over 130 eminent fire engineers and researchers contributed chapters to the book, representing universities and professional organizations around the world. It remains the indispensible source for reliable coverage of fire safety engineering fundamentals, fire dynamics, hazard calculations, fire risk analysis, modeling and more. With seventeen new chapters and over 1,800 figures, the this new edition contains: Step-by-step equations that explain engineering calculations Comprehensive revision of the coverage of human behavior in fire, including several new chapters on egress system design, occupant evacuation scenarios, combustion toxicity and data for human behavior analysis Revised fundamental chapters for a stronger sense of context Added chapters on fire protection system selection and design, including selection of fire safety systems, system activation and controls and CO2 extinguishing systems Recent advances in fire resistance design Addition of new chapters on industrial fire protection, including vapor clouds, effects of thermal radiation on people, BLEVEs, dust explosions and gas and vapor explosions New chapters on fire load density, curtain walls, wildland fires and vehicle tunnels Essential reference appendices on conversion factors, thermophysical property data, fuel properties and combustion data, configuration factors and piping properties “Three-volume set; not available separately”
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NIST Building Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PLUMP a Plume Predictor and Cloud Model for Fire Managers written by Don J. Latham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
