Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphology of Cytospora Species and Related Teleomorphs Ascomycota Diaporthales Valsaceae from Eucalyptus written by Pedro W. Crous and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytospora species and their Valsa teleomorphs are commonly found on Eucalyptus trees and some of these have been associated with stem canker diseases. The taxonomy of these fungi has been confused and has in many cases hindered pathology studies. This study was based on extensive collections of Cytospora species and their teleomorphs from Eucalyptus trees in Africa, Australia, Central and South America, Southeast Asia and California. Sixty-two Cytospora and three Cytospora-like isolates from Eucalyptus, yielding 33 unique ITS-rDNA sequences, were compared for homology to Cytospora species from other hosts. Phylogenetic analysis clustered isolates of Cytospora from Eucalyptus into at least 15 unrelated groups. The Cytospora-like isolates that morphologically resembled Cytospora clustered in a separate group, which is related to Phomopsis. Morphology of the fungi was examined on natural subtrates and in culture in order to identify distinctive characters linked to the phylogenetic lineages emerging from DNA sequence analyses. The specimens from Eucalyptus included morphological features encompassing the Cytospora infrageneric sections Cytospora, Lamyella, Leucocytospora, and Torsellia with the majority residing in sect. Lamyella. Several species exhibited morphological characteristics of more than one section and other species had unique characteristics not represented in the established sections. Phylogenetic inference did not support the sections that have been established based on morphological characteristics. The concepts underlying the establishment of sections in Valsa and Cytospora were, therefore, discarded and descriptive terms have been introduced to distinguish between ascostroma and locule forms. Descriptions of Cytospora australiae, C. eucalyptina, C. eucalypticola, and the anamorphs of Valsa eucalypti and Leucostoma sequoiae have been emended based on morphological studies of cross-sections of holotype and isotype specimens. Teleomorphs associated with Cytospora specimens on Eucalyptus have been described from Australia, California, Chile, Congo, Hawaii, India and Uganda. Each teleomorph had unique morphological characteristics and DNA sequence but several conformed to the broad description of Valsa ceratosperma, even though they resided in separate phylogenetic lineages. Additionally, sequences for V. ceratosperma on hosts other than Eucalyptus resided in separate lineages and were different from all of the isolates from Eucalyptus. One of the lineages, commonly found on Quercus, was recognised as corresponding to the original species concept and was designated as V. ceratosperma sensu stricto (= V. ceratophora). Results of this study have shown that numerous genetically distinct lineages of Cytospora and Cytospora-like fungi occur on Eucalyptus, and that the current description of V. ceratosperma encompases several distinctly different fungi. Leucostoma sequoiae and V. eugeniae were found on Eucalyptus, and V. eucalypti and L. sequoiae have been synonymised. Cultural characteristics including colony colour, pycnidium structure, cardinal temperatures for growth, and tolerance to cycloheximide have been described for the species. Several new species of Valsa and Cytospora from Eucalyptus have also been delimited based on morphological characteristics. This wide-ranging study should contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomy of Cytospora spp. and their teleomoprhs, particularly on Eucalyptus. It is also hoped that this will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated with these fungi.
Download or read book Plant Pathogenic Fungi Molecular Systematics Genomics and Evolution written by Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-14 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxonomy and Pathology of Togninia Diaporthales and Its Phaeoacremonium Anamorphs written by L. E. Mostert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genus Togninia (Diaporthales, Togniniaceae) is here monographed along with its Phaeoacremonium (Pm.) anamorphs. Ten species of Togninia and 22 species of Phaeoacremonium are treated. Several new species of Togninia (T.) are described, namely T. argentinensis (anamorph Pm. argentinense), T. austroafricana (anamorph Pm. austroafricanum), T. krajdenii, T. parasitica, T. rubrigena and T. viticola. New species of Phaeoacremonium include Pm. novae-zealandiae (teleomorph T. novae-zealandiae), Pm. iranianum, Pm. sphinctrophorum and Pm. theobromatis. Species can be identified based on their cultural and morphological characters, supported by DNA data derived from partial sequences of the actin and ß-tubulin genes. Phylogenies of the SSU and LSU rRNA genes were used to determine whether Togninia has more affinity with the Calosphaeriales or the Diaporthales. The results confirmed that Togninia had a higher affinity to the Diaporthales than the Calosphaeriales. Examination of type specimens revealed that T. cornicola, T. vasculosa, T. rhododendri, T. minima var. timidula and T. villosa, were not members of Togninia. The new combinations Calosphaeria cornicola, Calosphaeria rhododendri, Calosphaeria transversa, Calosphaeria tumidula, Calosphaeria vasculosa and Jattaea villosa are proposed. Species of Phaeoacremonium are known vascular plant pathogens causing wilting and dieback of woody plants. The most prominent diseases in which they are involved are Petri disease and esca, which occur on grapevines and are caused by a complex of fungi, often including multiple species of Phaeoacremonium. Various Phaeoacremonium species are opportunistic fungi on humans and cause phaeohyphomycosis. The correct and rapid identification of Phaeoacremonium species is important to facilitate the understanding of their involvement in plant as well as human disease. A rapid identification method was developed for the 22 species of Phaeacremonium. It involved the use of 23 species-specific primers, including 20 primers targeting the ß-tubulin gene and three targeting the actin gene. These primers can be used in 14 multiplex reactions. Additionally, a multiple-entry electronic key based on morphological, cultural and ß-tubulin sequence data was developed to facilitate phenotypic and sequence-based species identification of the different Phaeoacremonium species. Separate dichotomous keys are provided for the identification of the Togninia and Phaeoacremonium species. Keys for the identification of Phaeoacremonium-like fungi and the genera related to Togninia are also provided. The mating strategy of several Togninia species was investigated with ascospores obtained from fertile perithecia produced in vitro. Togninia argentinensis and T. novae-zealandiae have homothallic mating systems, whereas T. austroafricana, T. krajdenii, T. minima, T. parasitica, T. rubrigena and T. viticola were heterothallic.
Download or read book Phylogenetic Classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceous Fungi written by Walter Gams and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fungal Families of the World written by P. F. Cannon and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dictionary of the Fungi has been published continuously by CABI from it's outset in 1943 to the latest (tenth) edition in 2008. The primary feature of the Dictionary is an authoritative consensus classification of the fungi, that has been widely accepted as an enabling and informing framework for research into pure and applied mycology. Fungal Families of the World has been conceived as an illustrative and more approachable companion to the Dictionary. Second it provides further substantial information on the 536 currently accepted families of Fungi, with more detailed descriptions and notes on ecology, economic uses, and the like. Third (and perhaps most importantly), it depicts the extraordinary range of morphological structures found in fungi, celebrating myco-diversity and perhaps stimulating interest in mycology by those individuals outside the inner circle of fungal systematists. The taxonomic framework for Fungal Families of the World is based upon that of the ninth edition of Dictionary but has been substantially updated to confirm with the findings of two major US-led research projects on fungal systematics, popularly referred to as Deep Hydra and AFTOL (Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life). The book contains images for over 400 families of the Fung, representing substantially wider fungal diversity than has been achieved before in a single publication. Where practical illustration of both macroscopic and microscopic features have been included. Fungal Families of the World will be of great value to students and researchers in biology, ecology and conservation, to mycologists, agriculturalists and foresters and serves as an informative companion to the Dictionary of the Fungi.
Download or read book Hypocreales of the Southeastern United States written by Gary J. Samuels and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryptogamie written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leaf inhabiting Genera of the Gnomoniaceae Diaporthales written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematics of Calonectria written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neotropical Hypocrella anamorph Aschersonia Moelleriella and Samuelsia written by Priscila Chaverri and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Black Fungal Extremes written by G. S. de Hoog and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations written by J. Worrall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are among the most versatile and diverse groups of organisms in their morphology, life cycles, and ecology. This has provided endless fasci nation and intrigue to those who have studied fungi, but it has also made it difficult to understand fungal biology from the perspective of the broader fields of evolution, ecology, genetics, and population biology. That is changing. Details of fungal biology have been elucidated at an exciting pace, increasingly allowing us to understand fungi on the bases of general biological principles. Moreover, many who study fungi have lately emulated some of the great mycologists and plant pathologists of the early years in applying an insight born of broad perspective. This change has been particularly apparent in fungal population biology. In this book, many of those at the forefront of that change summarize, integrate and comment on recent developments and ideas on populations of fungi. By taking a broad perspective, they show how new information on fungi may contribute to concepts and ideas of biology as a whole. Just as important, they contribute to further invigoration of fungal population research by illuminating mycology with new ideas and concepts, derived in part from other biological fields.
Download or read book Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era written by Robert A. Samson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hypocrea and Trichoderma Studies Marking the 90th Birthday of Joan M Dingley written by Walter Gams and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycosphaerella and Its Anamorphs written by Pedro W. Crous and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a compilation of more than 3000 names that have been published or proposed in Cercospora, of which 659 are presently recognised in this genus, with a further 281 being referred to C. apii s.lat. Approximately 550 names of Passalora emend. (incl. Mycovellosiella, Phaeoramularia, Tandonella and Phaeoisariopsis p.p.) are treated in a second list. In total 5720 names are treated. 553 taxonomic novelties are proposed.
Download or read book Checklist of Fungi of Malaysia written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematics and Evolution written by David J. McLaughlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a des criptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgetf, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genet ics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.