Download or read book Philosophy in the Mid century Metaphysics and analysis written by International Institute of Philosophy and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philosophie au milieu du vingti me si cle written by Raymond Klibansky and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metaphysics and analysis written by International Institute of Philosophy and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philosophy in the Mid century A Survey Ed by Raymond Klibansky La Philosophie Au Milieu Du Vingti me Si cle Chroniques written by Raymond Klibansky and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On the Genealogy of Universals written by Fraser MacBride and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts of particular and universal have become so familiar that their significance has become difficult to discern, like coins that have been passed back and forth too many times, worn smooth so their values can no longer be read. On the Genealogy of Universals seeks to overcome our sense of over-familiarity with these concepts by providing a case study of their evolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a study that shows how the history of these concepts is bound up with the origins and development of analytic philosophy itself. Understanding how these concepts were taken up, transfigured and given up by the early analytic philosophers, enables us to recover and reanimate the debate amongst them that otherwise remains Delphic - to interpret some of the early, originating texts of analytic philosophy that have hitherto baffled commentators, including Moore's early papers, to appreciate afresh the neglected contributions of philosophical figures that historians of analytic philosophy have mostly since forgot, including Stout and Whitehead, and to shed new light upon the relationships of Moore to Russell and Russell to Wittgenstein.

Download or read book The Enlightenment Project in the Analytic Conversation written by N. Capaldi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytic philosophy has been a dominant intellectual movement in the 20th century and a reflection of the cultural pre-eminence of scientism. In response to analytic philosophy's peculiar reticence (and inability) to discuss itself, this book provides its first comprehensive history and critique. The central element in the analytic conversation has been the Enlightenment Project: the appeal to an autonomous human reason, freed of any higher authority and channeling itself through science as its privileged tool. This centrality is demonstrated by systematically examining its presence and development in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, epistemology, language, psychology, social science, ethics, political philosophy, and the history of philosophy. This journey highlights the internal logical disintegration of that project. Post-modern relativism is its natural offspring and not a viable alternative. The Enlightenment Project's conception of physical science is defective; this defective conception of physical science renders the analytic conception of social science, philosophical psychology, and epistemology defective; and that defective conception of the human condition leads to defective conceptions of both moral and political philosophy, specifically the idea of social engineering or social technology. Throughout the book, an alternative conception of philosophy is presented as a way out of the abyss of analysis, an alternative that reconnects philosophy with the mainstream of Western civilization and initiates the process of providing a coherent cultural narrative. This book will be of particular interest to any sophisticated reader concerned about the lack of a coherent cultural narrative.

Download or read book Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics written by Martin Heidegger and published by Newcomb Livraria Press. This book was released on 1962 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new 2024 translation of Heidegger's early work "Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics", originally published in 1910. This edition contains a new afterword by the translator, a timeline of Heidegger's life and works, a philosophic index of core Heideggerian concepts and a guide for Existentialist terminology across 19th and 20th century Existentialists. This translation is designed for readability and accessibility to Heidegger's enigmatic and dense philosophy. Complex and specific philosophic terms are translated as literally as possible and academic footnotes have been removed to ensure easy reading. Heidegger's analysis of Kant's Epistemology (specifically his three critiques) is rooted in the Heideggarian concept of "fundamental ontology," which he defines as the ontological analysis of finite human existence that prepares the ground for metaphysics. This idea is distinct from all forms of anthropology, including philosophical anthropology. Heidegger's aim is to show that the identified ontological analysis of Dasein (a term he famously uses to refer to human existence or being-there) is a necessary condition for understanding the fundamental question: "What is man?" Heidegger emphasizes the role of "transcendental imagination" in Kant's philosophy, which he sees as crucial for linking the categories of metaphysics with the phenomenon of time. This connection, according to Heidegger, is central to understanding Kant's approach to metaphysics. He argues that Kant's Critique of Pure Reason should be interpreted as a foundational text for metaphysics, suggesting that it presents the problem of metaphysics as that of a fundamental ontology. Heidegger emphasizes the importance of understanding what "foundation" means in this context, likening it to the design of a building plan that includes instructions on how and on what the building should be founded. In this analogy, metaphysics is not an existing building, but is inherent in all human beings as a "natural disposition. As with all of Heidegger's works, the concept of time and its relation to human cognition and understanding is the crux of his metaphysical project, and his criticism and praise of Kant. He proposes that Kant's work represents a shift in the traditional approach to metaphysics, from a focus on what is to a focus on how human beings understand and interact with the world. This shift, according to Heidegger, is indicative of a deeper, more fundamental level of inquiry into the nature of being and existence, which he believes is essential for a true understanding of metaphysics. In this sense, Kant is a critical nexus point in the history of Philosophy, representing a seismic shift.

Download or read book Analysis and Explication in 20th Century Philosophy written by Frauke Albersmeier and published by Mentis. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the rise of the so-called analytic school in 20th century philosophy, philosophical analysis has often been considered to be synonymous with conceptual analysis. However, criticism has also been levelled at the conceptual analysis procedures, which undermined confidence in the merits of conceptual analysis. As far as the clarification of concepts is concerned, explication is therefore sometimes proposed as an alternative means. Combining historical and systematic perspectives, this volume collects new work on analytical and explicatory methods within 20th century philosophy. The contributions explore how clarificatory and reformatory methods of engaging with concepts have been construed and utilized by such different authors as Aristotle, Russell, Wittgenstein, Carnap or Mackie, marking out underappreciated congruencies and reevaluating historical disputes. They explore the role of analysis in metaphysics as well as metaethics and examine how methodological accounts relate to underlying ideas about concepts.

Download or read book Studies in 20th Century Philosophy written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set of studies of various movements and developments in 20th century philosophy in which Nicholas Rescher was involved as a participant.

Download or read book Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century Volume 1 written by Scott Soames and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major, wide-ranging history of analytic philosophy since 1900, told by one of the tradition's leading contemporary figures. The first volume takes the story from 1900 to mid-century. The second brings the history up to date. As Scott Soames tells it, the story of analytic philosophy is one of great but uneven progress, with leading thinkers making important advances toward solving the tradition's core problems. Though no broad philosophical position ever achieved lasting dominance, Soames argues that two methodological developments have, over time, remade the philosophical landscape. These are (1) analytic philosophers' hard-won success in understanding, and distinguishing the notions of logical truth, a priori truth, and necessary truth, and (2) gradual acceptance of the idea that philosophical speculation must be grounded in sound prephilosophical thought. Though Soames views this history in a positive light, he also illustrates the difficulties, false starts, and disappointments endured along the way. As he engages with the work of his predecessors and contemporaries--from Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein to Donald Davidson and Saul Kripke--he seeks to highlight their accomplishments while also pinpointing their shortcomings, especially where their perspectives were limited by an incomplete grasp of matters that have now become clear. Soames himself has been at the center of some of the tradition's most important debates, and throughout writes with exceptional ease about its often complex ideas. His gift for clear exposition makes the history as accessible to advanced undergraduates as it will be important to scholars. Despite its centrality to philosophy in the English-speaking world, the analytic tradition in philosophy has had very few synthetic histories. This will be the benchmark against which all future accounts will be measured.

Download or read book Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy written by Avrum Stroll and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2001-10-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avrum Stroll investigates the "family resemblances" between that impressive breed of thinkers known as analytic philosophers. In so doing, he grapples with the point and purpose of doing philosophy: What is philosophy? What are its tasks? What kind of information, illumination, and understanding is it supposed to provide if it is not one of the natural sciences?

Download or read book Categories of Being written by Leila Haaparanta and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume is a comprehensive presentation of views on the relations between metaphysics and logic from Aristotle through twentieth century philosophers who contributed to the return of metaphysics in the analytic tradition. The collection combines interest in logic and its history with interest in analytical metaphysics and the history of metaphysical thought. By so doing, it adds both to the historical understanding of metaphysical problems and to contemporary research in the field. Throughout the volume, essays focus on metaphysica generalis, or the systematic study of the most general categories of being. Beginning with Aristotle and his Categories , the volume goes on to trace metaphyscis and logic through the late ancient and Arabic traditions, examining the views of Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, and William Ockham. Moving into the early modern period, contributors engage with Leibniz's metaphysics, Kant's critique of metaphysics, the relation between logic and ontology in Hegel, and Bolzano's views. Subsequent chapters address: Charles S. Peirce's logic and metaphysics; the relevance of set-theory to metaphysics; Meinong's theory of objects; Husserl's formal ontology; early analytic philosophy; C.I. Lewis and his relation to Russell; and the relations between Frege, Carnap, and Heidegger. Surveying metaphysics through to the contemporary age, essays explore W.V. Quine's attitude towards metaphysics; Wilfrid Sellars's relation to antidescriptivism as it connects to Kripke's; the views of Putnam and Kaplan; Peter F. Strawson's and David M. Armstrong's metaphysics; Trope theory; and its relation to Popper's conception of three worlds. The volume ends with a chapter on transcendental philosophy as ontology. In each chapter, contributors approach their topics not merely in an historical and exegetical fashion, but also engage critically with the thought of the philosophers whose work they discuss, offering synthesis and original philosophical thought in the volume, in addition to very extensive and well-informed analysis and interpretation of important philosophical texts. The volume will serve as an essential reference for scholars of metaphysics and logic.

Download or read book Metaphysics Fact S and Fallacies written by Andreas Sofroniou and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphysics as a branch of philosophyMetaphysics is the Greek term which, in simple terms, it means, 'the things after the physics' (from Aristotle's works META TA PHYSICA = that branch of philosophy which studies the most general categories and concepts which are presupposed in descriptions of ourselves and the world. Examples are causality, substance, ontology, time, and reality. Metaphysical questions have a very broad scope. Whereas the physical scientist might ask 'How does x cause y?' the metaphysician asks 'What does it mean for anything to cause anything else?' Whereas the chemist might investigate particular substances, the metaphysician asks what it means to be a substance, and whether there is one basic substance, or many. Metaphysical questions can become the subject of more specialised philosophical inquiry. We can ask whether our actions are subject to causality, which gives rise to the problem of free will, and the question of whether our mental experiences involve a separate substance from body is a major issue in the philosophy of mind. Although metaphysics dates back to the ancient Greeks, there have been occasions on which its status as a legitimate inquiry have been questioned. The rise of science in the 17th century led to attempts by philosophers such as Hume and Locke to limit the claims of metaphysics, and earlier in the last century scientifically minded philosophers such as the logical positivists claimed that metaphysical assertions were meaningless. SECTION 2: RELATED SUBJECTSAl-Farabi (c.873-950), Islamic philosopherHe commented on the logical works of Aristotle and the political works of Plato, combining ideas from both in his principal work, The Ideal City. This hierarchical society would be headed by a philosopher-prophet, from whom lower ranks would derive their authority. The same structure is evident in his metaphysics, in which all levels of intelligence and life emanate necessarily from the One, or God, and in his ranking of kinds of knowledge. Philosophical knowledge, acquired through logic, is the highest exercise of reason, but religious knowledge, which dresses itself in symbols accessible to the imagination of lesser thinkers, also has its place.Analytic philosophy This is a broad movement in 20th-century philosophy, influential chiefly in Austria, the UK, and the USA, which regards central philosophical problems as primarily demanding clarification or analysis of such notions as meaning, truth, and necessity. Although analytical philosophy is a loosely unified tradition, rather than a specific doctrine, there has been broad agreement on some specific matters. First, philosophy is a distinctive kind of enquiry, which employs methods different from those of the natural or social sciences; additionally, unlike, for instance, biology or economics, it is not addressed to any distinctive realm of facts.Philosophy does not seek to construct theories which build upon or add to our knowledge of the world, but to clarify the knowledge and beliefs we already have. Secondly, this clarification is to be achieved by analysis of the language in which our non-philosophical, common-sense, or scientific knowledge is expressed. This framework leaves ample room for internal divisions. There is, for instance, disagreement between Russell's view that this kind of clarification will yield answers to the traditional questions of metaphysics and epistemology, and Wittgenstein's contention that such questions are the products of confusions which the careful analysis of language will enable us to avoid. A related dispute concerns whether philosophical analysis can itself be conducted in a systematic way, using the tools and techniques of mathematical logic, as the logical positivists held, or whether resolution of philosophical problems demands piecemeal attention to specific areas of ordinary language.

Download or read book Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind written by G. E. M. Anscombe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-01-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anscombe on thought, experience, sensation, and the ethics of virtue Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe is one of analytical philosophy's most prominent figures, the founder of consequentialism, and a leading mind in the field of virtue ethics. Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind: The collected Philosophical Papers of G.E.M. Anscombe, Volume 2, is part of a multivolume compilation of her life's work, providing insight into the mind of a groundbreaking 20th century philosopher. This volume's work explores memory, intentionality, causality and time, delving into the language, actions, and logic of perception, sensation, and more.

Download or read book An Introduction to Metaphysics written by Henri Bergson and published by Agora Publications, Inc.. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bergson was born in 1859, the year Darwin published the Origin of the Species. He could not have imagined the philosophical impact of evolutionary theory, which is now so great that Bergson’s philosophy, which emphasizes “creative evolution,” is experiencing a significant revival. The basic principles that Bergson articulates, especially his way of thinking about reality as a dynamic process and his view of human beings as creative and evolving, should be helpful to anyone who seeks to go beyond simply dealing with the practical demands of daily life and consider the nature of things. Of special importance is Bergson’s claim that it is both possible and necessary to know from the inside rather than confining our attention to external perspectives and points of view. Intuition is able to get beyond what is relative and place us inside reality. In An Introduction to Metaphysics, Bergson traces the demise of metaphysics to the failure of both scientific materialism and dogmatism and to the immense success of a kind of pragmatism that promised liberation from the fruitless battles among various schools of philosophy. He also rejects relativism and criticizes the vacuum that is created when philosophers refuse to inquire about the nature of reality.

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Leibniz written by Martin Heidegger and published by Newcomb Livraria Press. This book was released on with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new 2024 translation of Martin Heidegger's early work "The Metaphysics of Leibniz", originally published in 1923 as the last of his Marburg lectures. This edition contains a new afterword by the Translator, a timeline of Heidegger's life and works, a philosophic index of core Heideggerian concepts and a guide for terminology across 19th and 20th century Existentialists. This translation is designed for readability and accessibility to Heidegger's enigmatic and dense philosophy. Complex and specific philosophic terms are translated as literally as possible and academic footnotes have been removed to ensure easy reading. This lecture was given in the summer semester of 1928 as an examination of Leibniz. The first Marburg semester of 1923/24 dared the corresponding discussion with Descartes, which was then included in "Being and Time" (§§ 19-21), and here he concludes his series on Continental Metaphysics. Heidegger focuses on the essential qualities of the monad, especially its aspects as "vis primitiva," "substantia," and "monas," and how these elements contribute to the understanding of being and substance in Leibniz's philosophy. Heidegger interprets the monad as a fundamental unit of being that encompasses both unity and multiplicity, a concept deeply rooted in Leibniz's metaphysics. In doing so, he engages with the concept of the "substantiality of substance" and examines the nature of being as understood by Leibniz and its implications for the broader philosophical discourse. Heidegger's analysis delves into the dynamic nature of the monad, characterized by its inherent "urge" ("Drang") and its ability to unify and manifest reality. He closely examines the relationship between the monad's internal structure and its external expression in the world, emphasizing Leibniz's distinction between the internal and external aspects of being. This discussion extends to the metaphysical implications of monadology, where Heidegger addresses how individual monads reflect the complexity and diversity of the universe.

Download or read book An Essay on Metaphysics written by R. G. Collingwood and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This early work by Robin G. Collingwood was originally published in 1940 and we are now republishing it with a brand new introductory biography. 'An Essay on Metaphysics' is an academic inquiry in the field of philosophy. Robin George Collingwood was born on 22nd February 1889, in Cartmel, England. He was the son of author, artist, and academic, W. G. Collingwood. He was greatly influenced by the Italian Idealists Croce, Gentile, and Guido de Ruggiero. Another important influence was his father, a professor of fine art and a student of Ruskin. He published many works of philosophy, such as Speculum Mentis (1924), An Essay on Philosophic Method (1933), and An Essay on Metaphysics (1940).