Download or read book Petrofacies and Depositional Systems of the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin North Dakota written by Anne Steptoe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atlas of Material Worlds written by Matthew Seibert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlas of Material Worlds is a highly designed narrative atlas illustrating the agency of nonliving materials with unique, ubiquitous, and often hidden influence on our daily lives. Employing new materialism as a jumping-off point, it examines the increasingly blurry lines between the organic and inorganic, engaging the following questions: What roles do nonliving materials play? Might a closer examination of those roles reveal an undeniable agency we have long overlooked or disregarded? If so, does this material agency change our understanding of the social structures, ecologies, economies, cosmologies, technologies, and landscapes that surround us? And, perhaps most importantly, why does material agency matter? This is the story of the world’s driest nonpolar desert, pink flamingos, and cerulean blue lithium ponds; industrial shipping logistics, pudding-like jiggling substrates, and monuments of mud; galactic bodies, radioactive sheep, and the yellowcake of uranium. Put simply, this book dares readers to see the world anew, from material up. Atlas of Material Worlds offers this new relationship to our host environment in a time of mounting crises—accelerating climate change, ballooning socioeconomic inequality, and rising toxic nationalism—uniquely telling materialist stories for practitioners and students in landscape, architecture, and other built environment disciplines.

Download or read book West Virginia Law Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources Prediction and Modeling Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches written by Sid-Ali Ouadfeul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources Enables readers to save time and effort in exploring and exploiting shale gas and other unconventional fossil fuels by making use of advanced predictive tools Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources highlights novel concepts and techniques for the geophysical exploration of shale and other tight hydrocarbon reservoirs, focusing on artificial intelligence approaches for modeling and predicting key reservoir properties such as pore pressure, water saturation, and wellbore stability. Numerous application examples and case studies present real-life data from different unconventional hydrocarbon fields such as the Barnett Shale (USA), the Williston Basin (USA), and the Berkine Basin (Algeria). Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources explores a wide range of reservoir properties, including modeling of the geomechanics of shale gas reservoirs, petrophysics analysis of shale and tight sand gas reservoirs, and prediction of hydraulic fracturing effects, fluid flow, and permeability. Sample topics covered in Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources include: Calculation of petrophysical parameter curves for non-conventional reservoir modeling and characterization Comparison of the Levenberg-Marquardt and conjugate gradient learning methods for total organic carbon prediction in the Barnett shale gas reservoir Use of pore effective compressibility for quantitative evaluation of low resistive pays and identifying sweet spots in shale reservoirs Pre-drill pore pressure estimation in shale gas reservoirs using seismic genetic inversion Using well-log data to classify lithofacies of a shale gas reservoir Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working on unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and in geoengineering projects.

Download or read book The Petroleum System written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.

Download or read book Reservoir Characterization written by Larry Lake and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.

Download or read book Discriminatory Analysis written by Evelyn Fix and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Color Guide to the Petrography of Sandstones Siltstones Shales and Associated Rocks written by Dana S. Ulmer-Scholle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Williston Basin Correlation Cross section written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preliminary log derived maps of the Bakken Formation North Dakota and Montana portions of Williston basin written by T. C. Hester and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Synoptic Overview of the Bakken Formation in Portions of Billings Golden Valley and McKenzie Counties North Dakota written by David Wayne Fischer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemistry and Organic Petrography of the Bakken Formation Williston Basin ND USA written by Zain Abdi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental processes and conditions controlling productivity and organic matter (OM) accumulation/preservation as well as bottom-water redox conditions in the lower black shale (LBS) and upper black shale (UBS) members of the Devonian-Mississippian (D-M) Bakken Formation were evaluated utilizing trace metal (TM) concentrations, degree of pyritization (DOPT), enrichment factors (EF) of TMs, bi-metal ratios (V/Cr, V/(V+Ni), Ni/Co, U/Th), total sulfur (ST) vs. iron (Fe), total organic carbon (TOC), carbon-sulfur-iron relationships (C-S-Fe), as well as Mo-TOC and Mo EF-U EF relationships. High-resolution (1- to 3-cm scale) chemostratigraphic records were generated for twelve drill cores, four of which closely flank the N-S-trending axis of the Nesson Anticline, proximal to the center of the Williston Basin in northwest North Dakota, USA. Furthermore, five of the twelve drill cores were selected (sample selection was based on down-core spacing and TM concentrations) for petrographic and Rock-Eval analysis to assess variations in kerogen type, quantity, quality, and thermal maturity (based on solid bitumen reflectance (%SBRo), vitrinite reflectance equivalence (%VRE), Rock-Eval Tmax-derived vitrinite reflectance (%Ro)) from immature to condensate, wet gas hydrocarbon generation windows. Degree of pyritization (DOPT) values (0.25 to 1.0) indicate that bottom waters were frequently dysoxic (> 60%) with intermittent aerobic and anoxic/euxinic conditions which is in agreement with C-S-Fe and total ST vs. Fe assessments of paleoredox conditions and sedimentological evidence. Furthermore, using published Mo-TOC relationships from modern anoxic-euxinic basins, it is estimated that renewal time of the sub-chemoclinal water mass during accumulation of the LBS and UBS approximated 10 and 30 yrs., respectively. Agreement is also seen between Mo/TOC and Mo EF/U EF where both suggest the Bakken shales were deposited under relatively unrestricted water mass conditions resulting in consistent renewal of TMs into the basin. However, bi-metal ratios suggest > 80% of samples were deposited under suboxic to anoxic/euxinic conditions. Trace metal concentrations for the Bakken Fm. show considerable range for Co (0-10324 ppm), Mo (0-2018 ppm), Ni (0-1574 ppm), U (0-1604 ppm), and V (0-3194 ppm), and bi-metal ratios for the Bakken Fm. are up to 5x greater than those reported for other D-M black shale formations. The Bakken black shales represent a unique sedimentary system where the EF of various TMs such as Cu (6.2-7.7), Mo (219.7-237.8), Ni (9.4-10.2), U (20.6-29.3), V (9.9-14.2), and Zn (10.4-12.2) as well as total organic carbon contents (LBS = 10.80 and UBS = 11.80 avg. wt.%) are considerably higher than other Devonian-Mississippian black shales. In this study, raw distributions of elemental concentrations combined with bivariate and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to elucidate the processes that could have contributed to the high EF of TMs in the Bakken shales. Total organic carbon shares heavier PCA component loadings (>0.445) and stronger correlation coefficients (r) with Cu, Mo, Ni, U, V, and Zn rather than with pyrite-associated (As, Co, Fe, and S) elements, suggesting that TOC played a primary role in the scavenging and accumulation of TMs in the sediments. Reducing conditions within bottom waters or sediment pore waters may have accelerated the accumulation of redox-sensitive Cu, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn introduced into the sediments via primarily an organic matter (OM) detritus host and most likely played a secondary role in the enrichment of TMs. The high EF of TMs observed in the Bakken shales may be the result of the frequent resupply of TMs into basin waters, enhanced primary productivity that is necessary in scavenging TMs from the water column, the presence of H2S within sediment pore or bottom waters, or possibly secondary processes associated with basin-wide fluid and hydrocarbon migration. Factors controlling TM accumulation during time of deposition (e.g., TM availability, bottom-water redox conditions, adsorption onto organic matter) and during diagenesis and catagenesis (e.g., alteration and break down of organic matter, movement of fluid hydrocarbons or other basinal fluids) likely contribute to the lack of agreement between redox proxies, and subsequently, the lack of applicability of bi-metal ratios (i.e., V/Cr, V/(V+Ni), Ni/Co, U/Th) in assessing bottom-water conditions for the Bakken shales. Solid bitumen (SB), a secondary organic matter formed as a residue after hydrocarbon generation (through either sufficient thermal maturation or microbial degradation) and expulsion, is primarily dispersed within the mineral matrix and increases in quantity with increasing thermal maturity. Rock-Eval II and HAWK analyzers were used to measure and estimate the hydrogen index (HI; avg. 201 mg HC/g TOC), oxygen index (OI; avg. 7mg CO2/g TOC), S1 (free hydrocarbons; avg. 8.0 mg HC/g rock), S2 (hydrocarbons generated after cracking kerogen; avg. 24.3 mg HC/g rock), and %Ro (0.60-1.03%; estimated from Tmax). The HI and OI values are calculated from TOC as well as S2 and S3 (oxygen bonded to hydrocarbons). Plots of HI vs. Tmax (oC) and HI vs. OI as well as S2 vs. S3 ratio were utilized to determine the type of kerogen, primary OM that is insoluble in organic solvents. However, these relationships are not in agreement with kerogen typing based on petrographic observations, where samples from more thermally mature cores plot as Type III (vitrinite) kerogen instead of observed Type I/II (marine algae) kerogen. This is largely due to the abundant presence of SB in the more thermally mature section of the Bakken (Rock-Eval Ro = 0.83-1.03%) as SB is known to have a lower HI content than Type II kerogen. Petrographic evidence shows greater abundance of alginite and amorphous organic matter (AOM or bituminite) in the thermally less mature (Rock-Eval Ro = 0.60-0.83%) section of the Bakken compared to the greater abundance of dispersed SB in the more thermally mature section where AOM is absent. Early research on the Bakken Fm. reported lower than expected vitrinite reflectance values attributed to vitrinite "suppression". The overall lack of vitrinite and abundance of solid bitumen in these shales suggests that these early attempts likely reported solid bitumen reflectance rather than vitrinite reflectance. More recent attempts to assess the thermal maturity of the Bakken Fm. black shales have measured and converted SBRo to vitrinite reflectance equivalent (VRE). However, samples selected for SBRo by some previous workers have included heterogenous, granular as well as high reflecting SB samples, which introduce error in the measurements. As such, reported reflectance values are most likely lower than they would be if smooth, homogenous solid bitumen with no inclusions were measured. For this project, smooth and homogenous SB was measured to produce consistent and reliable VRE values to assess the thermal maturity gradient from the Bakken Fm. basin margins to the depocenter. Blue-light fluorescence petrography was done to support thermal maturity assessments. Results from SBRo, Rock-Eval Ro, VRE, and blue-light fluorescence observations suggest that cores from the current study range from early oil window into condensate, wet gas.

Download or read book Facies and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Devonian Mississippian Bakken Formation Williston Basin North Dakota written by Aaron Van Dolah and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Depositional Environment Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality of the Middle Bakken Member in the Williston Basin North Dakota written by Oguzhan Ayhan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin is an important source rock for oil production in North America. The Bakken Formation is comprised of three units: Upper and Lower Bakken black shales and Middle Bakken Member. Upper and Lower Bakken shales are high quality source rocks which source reservoirs in the Middle Bakken, Upper Three Forks and lower Lodgepole Formations. The Middle Bakken Member, consisting of predominantly gray, silty and sandy dolostone, is under investigation in this study. The goals of this study are to determine the regional distribution of lithofacies and depositional environments of the Middle Bakken Member and explain diagenetic sequence and reservoir quality parameters in the Williston Basin. The reservoir quality of the Middle Bakken Member is mainly influenced by mineralogical composition and cementation resulting in low porosity and permeability and linked to lithofacies distribution in the basin. Dolomitization is pervasive throughout the unit, and also occurs as dolomite cement. Moreover, cementation occurred including quartz overgrowths, K-felspar, clay cement and pyrite as both cement and nodules. Not only dolomitization but also pyrite cementation plays an important role in reducing pore space in the reservoir. The pore types that were identified are intergranular, intragranular, fracture and moldic pores. Secondary intragranular porosity generally resulted from dissolution of biogenic fragments and dissolution of other unstable minerals including feldspar and dolomite. In this study, five lithofacies and one sandy interval within lithofacies C were described throughout the North Dakota portion of the Williston basin. The sandy interval in Lithofacies C was interpreted as bars or channel fills, which differentiates this study from previous studies in terms of core description. N-S, W-E, NE-SW, NW-SE oriented cross-sections drawn via cores suggest that the lithofacies of the Middle Bakken Member pinch out towards the edges. However, the anticlines in the basin affect their thickness distributions. Sandy interval in Lithofacies C reaches its thickest succession in the center of the basin. Lithofacies C and D consist of up to 80% of dolomite although the other lithofacies consist of relatively lower dolomite (up to 65%). While well logs indicate 4-8% of porosity, point-counting results show up to 5% of porosity. The sequence of diagenetic events in the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin is from youngest to oldest: micritization, mechanical and chemical compaction, calcite cementation, dolomitization, pyrite cementation, microcrystalline quartz cementation, syntaxial calcite overgrowth, quartz overgrowth, K-Feldspar overgrowth, dolomite dissolution, feldspar dissolution, dedolomitization, fracturing, anhydrite cementation and hydrocarbon migration.

Download or read book Paying Attention to Mudrocks Priceless written by Daniel Larsen and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case studies included in this volume span two overall thematic blocks: the first one focuses on mudstone deposition in several settings and the second focuses on the diagenetic processes that have affected important mudstone units. The two papers opening the volume describe recent lake sedimentation from South America and Africa, respectively.

Download or read book Shale Lithofacies Modeling of the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin North Dakota written by Shuvajit Bhattacharya and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: