Download or read book Persistent Inequalities written by Howard Botwinick and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists generally assume that wage differentials among similar workers will only endure when competition in the capital and/or labor market is restricted. In contrast, Howard Botwinick uses a classical Marxist analysis of real capitalist competition to show that substantial patterns of wage disparity can persist despite high levels of competition. Indeed, the author provocatively argues that competition and technical change often militate against wage equalization. In addition to providing the basis for a more unified analysis of race and gender inequality within labor markets, Botwinick’s work has important implications for contemporary union strategies. Going against mainstream proponents of labor-management cooperation, the author calls for militant union organization that can once again take wages and working conditions out of capitalist competition. This revised edition was originally published under the same title in 1993 by Princeton University Press.
Download or read book Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America written by Pablo Vommaro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book adopts a multidimensional approach to analyze both the historical and emerging factors that contribute to make Latin America and the Caribbean the most unequal region in the world. Social inequality is a historical characteristic of the region, but at the beginning of the 21st century, a handful of progressive governments seemed to be adopting policies that could reduce this historical trend. Many of these efforts, however, were blocked or reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which both exposed the persistence of historical trends and contributed to the emergency of new forms of inequality in the region. The different chapters in this contributed volume adopt a multidimensional, intersectional, perspective to analyze both the persistence and the emergency of social devices of production and reproduction of inequalities in the diverse Latin American and Caribbean temporal spatialities. The issues analyzed in the different chapters revolve around four main axes: a) persistence of generational and intergenerational inequalities; b) structural gender inequality; c) intertwined social inequalities: race, class and social structure and; c) historical and economic dimension of inequality. Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America: A Multidimensional Approach will be of interest to researchers interested in the study of social inequality and social justice in different fields of the human and social sciences, such as sociology, political science, history, economics, anthropology and education. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers and social activists engaged in the discussion, advocacy and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing social inequalities.
Download or read book The Persistence of Gender Inequality written by Mary Evans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite centuries of campaigning, women still earn less and have less power than men. Equality remains a goal not yet reached. In this incisive account of why this is the case, Mary Evans argues that optimistic narratives of progress and emancipation have served to obscure long-term structural inequalities between women and men, structural inequalities which are not only about gender but also about general social inequality. In widening the lenses on the persistence of gender inequality, Evans shows how in contemporary debates about social inequality gender is often ignored, implicitly side-lining critical aspects of relations between women and men. This engaging short book attempts to join up some of the dots in the ways that we think about both social and gender inequality, and offers a new perspective on a problem that still demands society’s full attention.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Persistent Inequality written by Yossi Shavit and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses a systematic, comparative study of change in educational stratification in thirteen industrialized countries, exploring which societal conditions help reduce existing inequalities in educational opportunity. The contributors show that in most industrialized countries inequalities in educational opportunity among students from different social strata have been remarkably stable since the early twentieth century. Only in Sweden and the Netherlands has there been a reduction in educational inequalities. The improvements are attributed to aggressive social welfare policies that have equalized living conditions and overall life opportunities in the two countries. Interestingly, the social policies of former socialist states did not produce similar advances - a finding consistent with assertions that under socialism the bureaucratic elites were as effective in protecting the interests of their own children as were elites in many capitalist societies. In contrast to the persistence of socio-economic inequalities in educational opportunity, the gender gap in education has narrowed in all thirteen countries. In fact, in some countries women now attain higher mean levels of education than men. The book concludes with an integrative methodological chapter that introduces new methods of dealing with observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity in models of educational attainment. The highly structured analyses of educational systems in the thirteen countries allow illuminating comparisons without sacrificing the specialized knowledge required to understand the particularities of each system.
Download or read book Persistent Disparity written by William A. Darity and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors assess the extent of black economic progress in the U.S. since World War II and forecast the development of the black-white income gap into the 21st century. Competing explanatory theories for the gap are examined and ameliorative policies are explored. They conclude that current policies will be insufficient to close the gap in the future. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Persistent Disparity written by William A. Darity (Jr.) and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors assess the extent of black economic progress in the U.S. since World War II and forecast the development of the black-white income gap into the 21st century. Competing explanatory theories for the gap are examined and ameliorative policies are explored. They conclude that current policies will be insufficient to close the gap in the future. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Just One of the Guys written by Kristen Schilt and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that men and women continue to receive unequal treatment at work is a point of contention among politicians, the media, and scholars. Common explanations for this disparity range from biological differences between the sexes to the conscious and unconscious biases that guide hiring and promotion decisions. Just One of the Guys? sheds new light on this phenomenon by analyzing the unique experiences of transgender men—people designated female at birth whose gender identity is male—on the job. Kristen Schilt draws on in-depth interviews and observational data to show that while individual transmen have varied experiences, overall their stories are a testament to systemic gender inequality. The reactions of coworkers and employers to transmen, Schilt demonstrates, reveal the ways assumptions about innate differences between men and women serve as justification for discrimination. She finds that some transmen gain acceptance—and even privileges—by becoming “just one of the guys,” that some are coerced into working as women or marginalized for being openly transgender, and that other forms of appearance-based discrimination also influence their opportunities. Showcasing the voices of a frequently overlooked group, Just One of the Guys? lays bare the social processes that foster forms of inequality that affect us all.
Download or read book Human Rights and Economic Inequalities written by Gillian MacNaughton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume examines the potential of human rights to challenge economic inequalities and their adverse impacts on human wellbeing.
Download or read book Infections and Inequalities written by Paul Farmer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2001-02-23 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A report from the front lines of the war against the most deadly epidemics of our times, by a physician-anthropolpgist who has for over 15 years sought to serve the poor of rural Haiti and other settings in the Americas.
Download or read book Shadow Education and Social Inequalities in Japan written by Steve R. Entrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.
Download or read book Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict written by F. Stewart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities - ethnic, religious or racial - are a source of violent conflict and how political, economic and cultural status inequalities have contributed. Policies to reverse inequality would reduce these risks.
Download or read book Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America written by Pedro López-Roldán and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed. It includes studies on social inequalities in 5 European and 5 Latin American countries, along 11 thematic axes: inequalities in the labour market and labour trajectories; asymmetries in the relationship between training and employment; inequalities in work and family life; educational inequalities; geographical and social inequalities: ethnicity and language; social inequalities, migration and space; uncertainty, strategies, resources and capabilities; inequality of opportunity: intergenerational social mobility; social policies; gender inequalities; and research methodology. This volume is the result of a large collaborative project on social inequality funded by the European Commission: the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities. Taking into account diverse perspectives and approximations, the collaborators have created a general analytical framework as a model of analysis of social inequalities. The various contributions in this volume help readers gain a global outlook and help reflect on social inequalities in a comparative perspective. This volume addresses social science graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, social policy makers, as well as a broader academic audience interested in social inequality.
Download or read book Explaining Inequalities in School Achievement written by Roy Nash and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequalities in educational opportunity have been a persistent feature of all school systems for generations, with conventional explanations of differences in educational attainment tending to be reduced to either quantitative or non-quantitative 'list' theories. In this groundbreaking book, Roy Nash argues that a realist framework for the sociological explanation of educational group differences can, and must be, constructed. A move to such an explanatory framework will allow us to take into account the social influences of early childhood development, the later emergence of social identities, and the nature of the social class impact of educational and career decision-making. By building on the critical analyses of the theories of Bourdieu, Boudon and Bernstein, this book makes a vital contribution to the current policy and theoretical debate about the causes of educational inequality.
Download or read book Education Systems and Inequalities written by Andreas Hadjar and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to bring together an international roster of contributors to compare different education systems and their effects on social inequality. Starting with basic premises--such as how education systems can be characterized and what distinguishes them--the book goes on to explore those systems' links with social structures, their role in expanding or ameliorating inequality, and the social mechanisms that underlie that role. It will be crucial to future debates on education and policy reform.
Download or read book Education Systems and Inequalities written by Hadjar, Andreas and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. How do education systems shape educational inequalities and differences in educational outcomes? And how do advantages and disadvantages in educational attainment translate into privileges and shortcomings in labour market and general life chances? Education systems and inequalities compares different education systems and their impact on creating and sustaining social inequalities. The book considers key questions such as how education systems impact educational inequalities along such variables as social origin, gender, ethnicity, migration background or ability and what social mechanisms are behind the links between education system and educational inequalities and provides vital evidence to inform debates in policy and reform.
Download or read book Socio Economic Implications of Global Educational Inequalities written by Sart, Gamze and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-11-21 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As societies strive for progress, the need to ensure equal access to education for all, irrespective of socioeconomic, ethnic, or gender backgrounds, emerges as a pivotal factor. In the thought-provoking book, Socio-Economic Implications of Global Educational Inequalities, the complex interplay between education and its profound impact on human capital, economic growth, and development is meticulously explored. The book delves into the multifaceted dimensions of education as a critical determinant of income and gender disparities, poverty levels, and financial sector advancement. Drawing on the expertise of professional researchers, this comprehensive work presents a panoramic view of the socio-economic implications of educational inequalities on a global scale. By examining the profound link between education and various societal aspects, the book opens avenues for insightful discussions and strategic policymaking. In addition to catering to scholars and researchers, this book addresses a broader audience, including individuals, managers, and governmental employees who recognize education's pivotal role in shaping economic, financial, and social landscapes.
