Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors and Galvanized Steel in Concrete Exposure Specimens written by Jerzy Zemajtis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitor admixtures (CIA) and galvanized reinforcing steel (GS) are used for the corrosion protection for reinforced concrete bridges. The results of a 3.5-year evaluation of exposure specimens containing CIA from three different manufacturers and GS are presented. The specimens were built to simulate four exposure conditions typical for concrete bridges located in the coastal region or inland where deicing salts are used. The exposure conditions were Horizontal, Vertical, Tidal, and Immersed Zones. The specimens were kept inside the laboratory and were exposed to weekly ponding cycles of 6% sodium chloride solution by weight. The methods used to assess the condition of the specimens included chloride concentration measurements, corrosion potentials, and corrosion rates. Additionally, visual observations were performed for identification of rust stains and cracking on concrete surfaces. The results of chloride testing indicate that the amount of chlorides present at the bar level is more than sufficient to initiate corrosion. Chloride and rapid permeability data indicate no significant difference either in a rate of chloride ingress or in the diffusion coefficients for concretes with and without CIA. Corrosion potentials were the most negative for the Bare Steel (BS) specimen prepared with the Armatec 2000 corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of active corrosion. Corrosion potentials were similar for the two BS control specimens and the BS specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and generally indicated an uncertain probability of corrosion. Corrosion potentials were the least negative for the BS specimen prepared with DCI-S corrosion inhibitor and generally indicated a 90% probability of no corrosion. Rate of corrosion measurements were the highest for the BS control specimens and the one prepared with A2000 and the most recent data suggest corrosion damage in 2 to 10 years. Although early rate of corrosion measurements were higher or about the same as for BS control specimens, recent measurements were slightly lower for the specimen prepared with Rheocrete 222 and suggest corrosion damage in 10 to 15 years. Rate of corrosion measurements were consistently the lowest for the BS specimens prepared with DCI-S and indicate corrosion damage is expected in 10 to 15 years. The corrosion potential and rate of corrosion data indicate that DCI-S is the only CIA evaluated that clearly provides some level of corrosion protection. A direct comparison of the GS specimens to the BS specimens is not possible because the measured potential refers to the zinc oxide and not to the steel. Nevertheless, the potential data agree with the chloride and permeability data, as well as with the visual observations, and indicate the damaging effect of a high concentration of chloride ions on the GS. At low and moderate chloride exposures, however, GS does provide corrosion protection. Recommendations are to continue monitoring until sufficient cracking has occurred in all specimens to provide for making a better estimate of the service lives of CIA and GS used in the construction of concrete bridge components in Virginia. The specimens with CIA and one control (continuous reinforcement in the legs) should be taken to the Hampton Road North Tunnel Island and placed in the brackish water to a depth of the Immersed Zone at low tide for further exposure to chloride. The specimens with GS and the other control (non-continuous reinforcement in the legs) should remain in an outdoor exposure in Southwest Virginia like the Civil Engineering Materials Research Laboratory in Blacksburg, Virginia.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Various Corrosion Protection Systems of Bridges in Colorado written by Yunping Xi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures has been a significant problem for many state and transportation agencies since the application of deicing salts was introduced. Much research has been conducted to develop corrosion protection systems that can prolong the life span of reinforced concrete structures. The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has several routine and experimental measures to prevent corrosion of the rebar including epoxy-coated rebar, calcium nitrite admixture, organic corrosion inhibitors, a thick cover of quality concrete, and a waterproofing membrane covered by an asphalt overlay. An extensive literature review was performed to collect information on various corrosion protection systems that have been used in the U.S. and around the world. Current CDOT practices in terms of corrosion protection measures were reviewed. A draft inspection plan for Colorado's bridge structures was proposed.

Download or read book Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete written by Stephen Yeomans and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-26 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used modern materials of construction. It is comparatively cheap, readily available, and suitable for a variety of building and construction applications. Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete provides a detailed resource covering all aspects of this important material. Both servicability and durability aspects are well covered, with all the information needed maximise the life of buildings constructed from it. Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information and data from world renound authors, it will be a valuable source of reference for academics, researchers, students and professionals alike. - Provides information vital to prolong the life of buildings constructed from this versatile material - Brings together a disparate body of knowledge from many parts of the world into a concise and authoritative text - Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information

Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures written by Amir Poursaee and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for researchers, practitioners, and engineers, this book covers not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, protection and maintenance methods, and modelling, latest developments, and future trends in the field are discussed. - Comprehensive coverage of the corrosion of steel bars in concrete, investigating the range of reinforcing materials, and types of concrete - Introduces the latest measuring methods, data collection, and advanced modeling techniques - Second edition covers a range of new, emerging topics such as the concept of chloride threshold value, concrete permeability and chloride diffusion, the role of steel microstructure, and innovations in corrosion detection devices

Download or read book Evaluation of Corrosion Protection Methods for Reinforced Concrete Highway Structures written by Jennifer L. Kepler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, research projects and field studies have been conducted on different methods for protecting reinforced concrete bridges from corrosion damage. The methods include alternative reinforcement and slab design, barrier methods, electrochemical methods, and corrosion inhibitors. Each method and its underlying principles are described, performance results of laboratory and/or field trials are reviewed, and systems are evaluated based on the results of the trials. Using performance results from the studies and costs obtained from transportation agencies, an economic analysis is used to estimate the cost of each system over a 75-year economic life using discount rates of 2%, 4% and 6%.

Download or read book ACI Materials Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Battelle Technical Review written by Battelle Memorial Institute and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Virginia State Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Techniques to Assess the Corrosion Activity of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Neal Steven Berke and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever his name or alias at the moment—Henry McCarty, Henry Antrim, Kid Antrim, Billy Bonney—people always called him the Kid. Not until his final month did anyone call him Billy the Kid. Newspapers pictured him as a king of outlaws; and his highly publicized capture, trial, escape, and end fixed his image in the public mind for all time. He was only twenty-one years old when a bullet from Sheriff Pat Garett’s six-shooter killed him on July 14, 1881. Within a year Billy the Kid became the subject of five dime-novel “biographies” as well as Garett’s ghost-written account, and that was just the beginning. Robert M. Utley does what countless books, movies, television shows, musical compositions, and paintings have failed to do: he successfully strips off the veneer of legendry to expose the reality of Billy the Kid. Using previously untapped sources, he presents an engrossing story—the most complete and accurate ever—of a youthful hoodlum and sometime killer who found his calling in New Mexico’s bloody power struggle known as the Lincoln County War. In unmasking the legend Utley also tells us much about our heritage of frontier vigilantism and violence.

Download or read book Concrete International written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete written by Bernhard Elsener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject. Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems for infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, housing etc. since it leads to spalling of the concrete and loss in cross section of the steel that may cause structural and safety problems. The steel in concrete generally resists corrosion as a result of a passive layer that develops on the metal surface in the alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion can occur if these conditions are disturbed, for example, in the presence of chlorides or with carbonation of concrete. Traditional repair methods consist in removing the deteriorated concrete and replacing it but these can be laborious, noisy and very costly. To avoid these disadvantages new methods have been developed in recent years. These include electrochemical procedures and, increasingly, the use of inhibitors. The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject.The report, under the editorship of Prof. Bernhard Elsener, was prepared by a Task Group of the EFC Working Party on Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. In a literature review it describes inorganic and organic chemicals that have been proposed and examined as well as the commercial corrosion inhibitors that are available on the market. Protection mechanism and possible effects of inhibitors on concrete properties are described. Practical experience with inhibitors for steel in concrete and the long term effectiveness are considered. The various test methods for evaluating the behaviour of the inhibitors are described and critically assessed. In a rapidly evolving field this State of the Art Report, based mainly on independent not commercial literature, will be of value to corrosion engineers and civil engineers concerned with maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures.

Download or read book Corrosion Prevention and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PCI Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete making Materials written by Joseph F. Lamond and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by Luca Bertolini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.