Download or read book Pedogenesis Soil Mineralogy and Soil Carbon Dynamics in Sierra Nevada Conifer Systems of California written by Craig Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pedogenesis Carbon Dynamics Across a Lithosequence Under Ponderosa Pine written by Katherine Ann Heckman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were completed to investigate the influence of mineral assemblage on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling and pedogenesis in forest soils. Two studies utilized a lithosequence of four parent materials (rhyolite, granite, basalt, limestone/volcanic cinders) under Pinus ponderosa, to explicitly quantify the contribution of parent material mineral assemblage to the character of the resulting soil. The first study explored variation in pedogenesis and elemental mass loss as a product of parent material through a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction and elemental mass balance. Results indicated significant differences in degree of soil development, profile characteristics, and mass flux according to parent material. The second study utilized the same lithosequence of soils, but focused on organic C cycling. This study explored variation in SOC content among soils of differing mineralogy and correlations among soil physiochemical variables, SOC content, soil microbial community composition and respiration rates. Metal-humus complex and Fe-oxyhydroxide content emerged as important predictors of SOC dynamics across all parent materials, showing significant correlation with both SOC content and bacterial community composition. Results indicated that within a specific ecosystem, SOC dynamics and microbial community vary predictably with soil physicochemical variables directly related to mineralogical differences among soil parent materials. The third study focused specifically on the influence of goethite and gibbsite on dissolved organic matter characteristics and microbial communities which utilize DOM as a growth substrate. Iron and aluminum oxides were selected for this study due to their wide spread occurrence in soils and their abundance of reactive surface area, qualities which enable them to have a significant effect on SOC transported through forest soils. Results indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces induces significant differences in DOM quality, including changes in thermal properties, molecular structure, and concentrations of P and N. Investigation of the decomposer communities indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces caused significant differences in microbial community structure. These investigations emphasize the important role of mineral assemblage in shaping soil characteristics and regulating the cycling of C in soils, from the molecular scale to the pedon scale.
Download or read book Controls on the Fate Structure and Function of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Three California Soils written by Sarah Lynn Pittiglio and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how changes in climate and the geographical distribution of terrestrial ecosystems alter the composition, concentrations, and movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) within the soil profile has important implications for soil nutrient fluxes, carbon (C) sequestration and water quality. A series of field and laboratory experiments evaluated how temperature, incubation time and litter source influenced the chemical composition of DOC and how differences in composition influenced DOC and DON biodegradation dynamics and adsorption to the mineral soil. The sites included a California grassland, oak woodland and mixed conifer stand. Reciprocal transplants of litter and soil from all sites were installed at each field location. At these sites, leachate was collected during two rainy seasons. Measured levels of DOC, DON and SUVA 254 differed significantly with litter origin and or soil type. Concentrations of DON in leachates from the conifer site soil were significantly lower than those from the other soils, probably because the conifer soil had a high concentration of pedogenic Fe oxides which are known to strongly adsorb DON. After15 months of exposure to grass and oak surface litter at the field sites, soil from the conifer field site had significantly increased soil C, soil C:N and water extractable DOC. These increases indicate that the soils at the conifer site in the Sierra Nevada foothills could potentially store increased levels of soil C if grassland and oak woodland vegetation shift into this area. In the laboratory, leachate solutions were created by incubating litter from the three sites at 4, 20 or 30 °C for 5, 15 or 96 hrs and then characterizing the resulting solutions. Solutions created from the grass, oak and conifer surface litter did not significantly vary in total DOC and DON concentrations, but were significantly different in chemical composition. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy indicated that solutions generated from grass litter had lower aromatic C, carboxylic acid C and higher heteroaliphatic C, relative to the oak and conifer DOC. DAX-8 resin fractionation of the solutions revealed that DOC from grass litter had a larger portion of hydrophilic DOC as well. Distinctive peaks associated with lignin molecules were stronger in oak and conifer DOC spectra and increased with incubation time. Temperature was positively correlated with higher DOC and DON concentrations and was negatively correlated with aliphatic, anomeric and aromatic C concentrations. Biodegradation of DOC correlated positively with labile compounds in the hydrophilic DOC fraction, such as heteroaliphatic C and negatively correlated to aromatic C. Therefore, biodegradation was highest for grass DOC. Adsorption of DOC was positively correlated to heteroaliphatic C and negatively correlated with aromatic C. In the A horizon, increasing temperature enhanced both adsorption and biodegradation. Adsorption was the dominate fate of DOC in the A horizon. However, biodegradation was the primary fate of DOC after exposure to both A and B horizon soil inoculum. While most biogeochemical models rely on net primary productivity to predict future C stocks in above and belowground biomass, the short-term experiments in this study suggest that temperature, litter source and soil type all have important roles in altering soil C and N biogeochemistry and soil C sequestration. These factors should be taken into consideration when modeling the effects of temperature and changing ecotonal boundaries among grasslands, oak woodlands and conifer ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada under changing climatic conditions.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon written by Alfred E. Hartemink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few topics cut across the soil science discipline wider than research on soil carbon. This book contains 48 chapters that focus on novel and exciting aspects of soil carbon research from all over the world. It includes review papers by global leaders in soil carbon research, and the book ends with a list and discussion of global soil carbon research priorities. Chapters are loosely grouped in four sections: § Soil carbon in space and time § Soil carbon properties and processes § Soil use and carbon management § Soil carbon and the environment A wide variety of topics is included: soil carbon modelling, measurement, monitoring, microbial dynamics, soil carbon management and 12 chapters focus on national or regional soil carbon stock assessments. The book provides up-to-date information for researchers interested in soil carbon in relation to climate change and to researchers that are interested in soil carbon for the maintenance of soil quality and fertility. Papers in this book were presented at the IUSS Global Soil C Conference that was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Download or read book Soil and Vegetation Carbon Dynamics written by R.S. Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climatic Controls on Deep Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics written by Kimber Candice Moreland and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soil system stores more carbon than the atmosphere and biosphere combined. However, until recently, most studies on soil organic matter dynamics had focused on near surface soil organic carbon (C) dynamics with relatively little attention devoted to determining how much C and nitrogen (N) is stored in deep soil layers, and how climate influences deep soil organic C and N dynamics. Hence, our understanding of how climate influences the mechanisms that regulate the magnitude and direction of changes in deep soil organic matter remain incomplete. In my dissertation research, I studied soils that developed under four different climatic regimes along an elevation gradient on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California (site of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory). Using soil samples that were collected from the surface down to bedrock contact (that extended to more than 10 m below the surface), I determined how climate regulates deep soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks, chemical composition of organic matter, mean residence times of soil carbon and nitrogen at depth; and conducted statistical analyses to determine how variability of climate along the SSCZO bio-climosequence is related to a range of climatic variables. In the first chapter, I found that up to 78% of soil C is stored below a 0.3-m depth, with up to 29% of total C stored in saprock below 1.5 m. A conservative global scaling of these results illustrates that deep regolith stores over 200 Pg of organic carbon quantifying a previously unrealized organic carbon pool in the Earth system. In the second chapter, I dug deeper into C stabilization mechanisms and how climate impacts distribution of C in free and mineral protected pools of soil C.I discovered that the radiocarbon concentration of C in the topsoil and subsoil free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions had a statistically significant relationship with climate. However, the aggregate protected pool of C was not influenced by climate, suggesting that the free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions of subsoil C are vulnerable to changes in climate. The third chapter focused on dynamics of soil N in topsoil compared to subsoils and shows that climate imposes important controls on N in topsoil and subsoil free particulate and occluded fractions. The mineral associated N was not found to be sensitive to changes in climate. Overall, my dissertation research demonstrated both indirect and direct mechanisms through which climate can impact soil C and N dynamics from the topsoil to bedrock contact. I presented substantial evidence to refute the long-held assumption that subsoil organic matter does not respond to changes in atmospheric climate.
Download or read book Soil Carbon Measurement and Modeling in Forest and Savanna Ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada written by Jianwu Tang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics in Afforested Organo mineral Soils written by Richard Lane and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Climate and Vegetation on Soil Reaction Percent Base Saturation and Organic Carbon Content of Some Sierra Nevada Soils written by Donnell Leroy Blosser and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Moisture Patterns in Sierra Nevada Mixed conifer Forest written by Ryan Philip Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stuffing Carbon Away written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils offer the potential to sequester large quantities of carbon from the atmosphere for decades to millennia and so may ameliorate the anthropogenic influence of fossil fuel release. However changes in climate can drastically affect the soil's ability to store carbon through changes mineralogy on time scales of human interest. It is essential to understand the major controls on soil carbon dynamics before we attempt to manage sequestration to control atmospheric CO2 buildup. Models of the terrestrial carbon cycle often use clay content to parameterize soil carbon turnover. Evidence from volcanic soils suggests that soil mineralogy is a major control on a soil's ability to store carbon, because different types of minerals have widely varying abilities to physically and chemically isolate soil organic matter from decomposition, however volcanic soils represent only a small percentage of the earth's soils. The relationship between precipitation and soil carbon storage is also complex and poorly constrained. Significantly, precipitation changes predicted as a result of atmospheric CO2 doubling include increased rainfall throughout California. We utilized 14C, [delta]13C, and the total organic carbon, iron, and aluminum contents to address the question of the importance of mineralogy and climate on carbon storage in soils formed on a globally representative parent material. The California coastal terraces, formed over the last 500 thousand years as a result of tectonic uplift and sea level change, provide a natural laboratory to examine the effect of mineralogy and climate on carbon storage. We have focused on two terraces sequences, one near Eureka and one near Santa Cruz. Within each set of terraces only soil mineral development varies; all other variables are constant (rainfall, plant systems, and soil parent material, and land management). Annual precipitation at Eureka is twice that at Santa Cruz, allowing us to examine its role in the transport of organic carbon to deeper horizons. The objective of the study is to improve the understanding of soil carbon storage and derive a set of proxies for organic carbon turnover for terrestrial carbon cycle models.
Download or read book Effects of Pedogenic Processes and Vegetation on Soil Organic Matter Fe Al Si and Clay Mineralogy in the Southern Alps written by Remo Zanelli and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soils and Fertilizers written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-07 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses and an essential tool for researchers developing cutting-edge proposals. It provides a process-based description of the Critical Zone, a place that The National Research Council (2001) defines as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources." This text provides a summary of Critical Zone research and outcomes from the NSF funded Critical Zone Observatories, providing a process-based description of the Critical Zone in a wide range of environments with a specific focus on the important linkages that exist amongst the processes in each zone. This book will be useful to all scientists and students conducting research on the Critical Zone within and outside the Critical Zone Observatory Network, as well as scientists and students in the geosciences - atmosphere, geomorphology, geology and pedology.
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems written by Klaus Lorenz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems is a comprehensive book describing the basic processes of carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems, their contribution to carbon sequestration and implications for mitigating abrupt climate change. This book provides the information on processes, factors and causes influencing carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Drawing upon most up-to-date references, this book summarizes the current understanding of carbon sequestration processes in forest ecosystems while identifying knowledge gaps for future research, Thus, this book is a valuable knowledge source for students, scientists, forest managers and policy makers.
Download or read book Volcanic Ash Soils written by S. Shoji and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-01-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanic eruptions are generally viewed as agents of destruction, yet they provide the parent materials from which some of the most productive soils in the world are formed. The high productivity results from a combination of unique physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. The importance and uniqueness of volcanic ash soils are exemplified by the recent establishment of the Andisol soil order in Soil Taxonomy. This book provides the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of volcanic ash soils in a single volume. It contains in-depth coverage of important topics including terminology, morphology, genesis, classification, mineralogy, chemistry, physical properties, productivity and utilization. A wealth of data (37 tables, 81 figures, and Appendix) mainly from the Tohoku University Andisol Data Base is used to illustrate major concepts. Twelve color plates provide a valuable visual-aid and complement the text description of the world-wide distribution for volcanic ash soils.This volume will serve as a valuable reference for soil scientists, plant scientists, ecologists and geochemists interested in biogeochemical processes occurring in soils derived form volcanic ejecta.
