Download or read book Payment for Ecosystem Services PES as Tool for Mae Lao Watershed Conservation written by Penporn Janekarnkij and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motivation for payments for ecosystem services in Laos written by William Robichaud and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Payment for ecosystems services (PES) is a mechanism that attempts to create motivation for the conservation of biodiversity, where insufficient motivation existed before. Laos is a country rich in natural resources, with high dependence on these natural resources (particularly forests and rivers) for national income generation. Consequently, the country would seem to be fertile ground for the application of the PES concept, particularly in the hydropower sector. The largest hydropower project currently in operation in Laos is the Nam Theun 2 dam, which exports most of its electricity to neighboring Thailand. The dam’s watershed is the largest nature reserve in Indochina, Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area. Through mechanisms brokered by the World Bank, Nam Theun 2 has several features common to PES schemes. They are focused on using revenues from the dam to conserve the biodiversity and forest cover of Nakai-Nam Theun. This brief examines the degree of alignment of Nam Theun 2 with PES principles as commonly understood, and examines the potential for successful application of PES schemes generally in Laos. Some generally recognized constraints to implementation of PES schemes in developing countries are compounded in Laos, a Marxist state, which embraces social and economic philosophies contrary to the capitalist PES features of individual ownership of natural resources and transparency. Consequently, motivation within government for advancing PES in policy and law will likely be low, and a constraint to its uptake within the country. The way forward will likely be to focus on small, local projects that align with existing government policy.
Download or read book A review of the legal and policy framework for payments for ecosystem services PES in Thailand written by Orapan Nabangchang and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thailand is somewhat lagging behind other countries in Southeast Asia in adopting the concept of payment for environmental services (PES) as an instrument for creating incentives for natural resources conservation. There are a number of activities involving payments for provision of activities or environmental services but these are missing many elements that would qualify them as a PES project. Others are mainly at the design stage or at the initial stages of implementation. One of the major challenges is to create recognition of the benefits from ecosystems services. Presently, private sectors attach considerable importance to CSR projects. There is nothing wrong with CSR projects but CSR activities do not address missing markets, nor aim to create incentives to undertake conservation measures on a sustainable basis. To create demand on a scale that would give the momentum for PES would require a revamp existing legal tools to create effective demand for conservation services. It may be strategically better to approach the ‘private sector institution’ such as: the Federation of Thai Industries and the Thai Chamber of Commerce, rather than individual private companies. Without this, CSR investment is likely to be spread so thin and while succeeding in promoting publicity of private companies, tangible outcomes in improving the environment are likely to be limited. Although biophysical conditions precede other criteria for selection of potential PES project sites, given that there is an estimated number of forest-dependent people of 1 to 2 million people most of whom believed to be poor and living in environmentally sensitive areas, it is undeniable that PES can be instrumental to addressing poverty alleviation objectives. A major challenge that must be addressed however, is the legal framework. Although not explicitly endorsing the concept of creating incentives for service providers, the relevant laws can be, -and needs to be-, relaxed in specific cases, particularly where PES types projects will be launched in protected areas where there are legal restrictions over access. PES can also supplement the legal provisions to protect biodiversity resources. Like all public goods, over-exploitation of biodiversity resources, is due to the failure to recognize that the economic value exceeds the market prices of the tradable parts of biodiversity resources. Unless there is recognition of the non-tradable benefits, biodiversity resources will continue to be underpriced and under valued, hence the potential contribution of the concept of PES projects to create recognition, demonstrate its economic values and link between the demand and supply side to capture those values.
Download or read book Payments for Ecosystem Services written by Thomas Greiber and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Critical Examination of Payments for Ecosystem Services PES as Applied in a Watershed Management Context written by Vijay Kolinjivadi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present research contributes to the trend of critical analysis of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) by: a) developing a novel governance framework for ecosystem services in a watershed context; b) applying a methodological tool for assessing technical and social complexities for socio-ecological conflicts to a proposed PES scheme for watershed management; c) linking ecosystem services to discrete improvements in human well-being through a consideration of Amartya Sen's 'capabilities approach'; d) exposing the trade-offs implicit in targeting payment schemes for diverse objectives, and e) exploring the behavioural economics assumptions of PES in a context at the frontier of the free-market and exchange values for public goods and services. Few studies examining PES feasibility have taken an explicitly justice-oriented lens to considering fairness, equity for ensuring long-term negotiation outcomes. Two empirical studies are provided based upon a proposed PES scheme in the Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park located in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. The first of these illustrates how market-based logic in spatially optimising payments fails to resonate with social institutions and values and inadvertently separates society from nature in a piecemeal fashion. Spatial interpolation according to household characteristics was employed using ArcGIS to map areas of low opportunity cost, ecological vulnerability and poverty. These maps were compared with the preferences, constraints, and informal institutions of upstream service providers to illustrate trade-offs between externally determined PES targeting designs and local legitimacy. It is argued that the mechanistic 'puzzle-matching' of targeting payments according to efficiency and effectiveness continues to treat society as separate from nature and risks reinforcing perceived inequities. The second study uses social multi-criteria evaluation as an alternative methodology for designing a number of PES and other management alternatives for Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park. This method is based upon a deliberative negotiation of values, priorities and opportunities for improving individual and collective well-being and which do not allow for certain value sets to compensate others, but to expose the trade-offs inherent between equally legitimate perspectives.A final empirical study carried out at a pilot watershed PES programme in the Kyrgyz Republic examines the behavioural aspects of rational self-interest which characterise the assumed motivations underlying participation in PES schemes. Scholarship in the field of behavioural economics has illustrated how decentralised norm enforcement, norms of reciprocity, framing and image motivation may explain behaviour in social settings that override assumptions of purely rational and self-interested actors. In this study, different sets of incentives and framings of incentives are introduced to examine the extent to which they motivate participation in the maintenance and repair of collectively owned irrigation canals. The exploratory study illustrates that the prioritisation of self-interested norms over existing social institutions can result in unintentional outcomes depending on the framing and strength of different sets of norms in a given context. The implications of this thesis suggest that incentive-provision for watershed services has greater potential to be integrated within collective resource management than as a market-based tool. Appreciating the effect of incentive provision to encourage greater collective action can offer few generalising heuristics with the exception of efforts which facilitate or reinforce existing social institutions and norms and place recognition and procedural justice as core components of negotiated outcomes. " --
Download or read book Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas written by Holger L. Fröhlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the findings of a long-term (2000-2014) interdisciplinary research project of the University of Hohenheim in collaboration with several universities in Thailand and Vietnam. Titled Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Areas in Southeast Asia, or the Uplands Program, the project aims to contribute through agricultural research to the conservation of natural resources and the improvement of living conditions of the rural population in the mountainous regions of Southeast Asia. Having three objectives the book first aims to give an interdisciplinary account of the drivers, consequences and challenges of ongoing changes in mountainous areas of Southeast Asia. Second, the book describes how innovation processes can contribute to addressing these challenges and third, how knowledge creation to support change in policies and institutions can assist in sustainably develop mountain areas and people’s livelihoods.
Download or read book Connectivity Conservation written by Kevin R. Crooks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest threats to the survival of many plant and animal species is the destruction or fragmentation of their natural habitats. The conservation of landscape connections, where animals, plants, and ecological processes can move freely from one habitat to another, is therefore an essential part of any new conservation or environmental protection plan. In practice, however, maintaining, creating, and protecting connectivity in our increasingly dissected world is a daunting challenge. This fascinating volume provides a synthesis on the current status and literature of connectivity conservation research and implementation. It shows the challenges involved in applying existing knowledge to real-world examples and highlights areas in need of further study. Containing contributions from leading scientists and practitioners, this topical and thought-provoking volume will be essential reading for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners working in conservation biology and natural resource management.
Download or read book Restoring Tropical Forests written by Stephen D. Elliott and published by Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoring Tropical Forests is a user-friendly guide to restoring forests throughout the tropics. Based on the concepts, knowledge and innovative techniques developed at Chiang Mai University's Forest Restoration Research Unit, this book will enable improvements in existing forest restoration projects and provide a key resource for new ones. The book presents three aspects of the restoration of tropical forest ecosystems: the concepts of tropical forest dynamics and regeneration that are relevant to tropical forest restoration, proven restoration techniques and case studies of their successful application, and research methods to refine such techniques and adapt them to local ecological and socio-economic conditions.
Download or read book Conservation Biology for All written by Navjot S. Sodhi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation Biology for All provides cutting-edge but basic conservation science to a global readership. A series of authoritative chapters have been written by the top names in conservation biology with the principal aim of disseminating cutting-edge conservation knowledge as widely as possible. Important topics such as balancing conversion and human needs, climate change, conservation planning, designing and analyzing conservation research, ecosystem services, endangered species management, extinctions, fire, habitat loss, and invasive species are covered. Numerous textboxes describing additional relevant material or case studies are also included. The global biodiversity crisis is now unstoppable; what can be saved in the developing world will require an educated constituency in both the developing and developed world. Habitat loss is particularly acute in developing countries, which is of special concern because it tends to be these locations where the greatest species diversity and richest centres of endemism are to be found. Sadly, developing world conservation scientists have found it difficult to access an authoritative textbook, which is particularly ironic since it is these countries where the potential benefits of knowledge application are greatest. There is now an urgent need to educate the next generation of scientists in developing countries, so that they are in a better position to protect their natural resources.
Download or read book The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in Indo Burma written by and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reforming Forest Tenure written by and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2011 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, FAO has carried out extensive assessments of the forest tenure situation in the four regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America and Central Asia, including its impact on sustainable forest management and poverty reduction. The experiences and lessons learned from these assessments, complemented by numerous studies carried out by other organizations, provide a rich information base on different tenure systems and on the successes and challenges of tenure reform processes.
Download or read book Towards a sustainable participatory and inclusive wild meat sector written by Coad, L. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meat of wild species, referred to in this report as ‘wild meat’, is an essential source of protein and a generator of income for millions of forest-living communities in tropical and subtropical regions. However, unsustainable harvest rates currently
Download or read book Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management written by Julian F. Gonsalves and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2005 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for aspiring and new practitioners of Participatory Research and Development (PR&D) as well as field-based researchers in developing countries. Highlights that agricultural research and development has become a joint approach to deal with diverse biophysical environments, multiple livelihood goals, rapid changes in local and global economies, and an expanded range for stakeholders over agriculture and natural resources.
Download or read book State of the World s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2016 written by Peter Grant and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 2016-07-12 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique cultures of minorities and indigenous peoples worldwide – spanning a wide variety of customs and practices – are under threat. This year’s edition of State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples highlights the impact of land dispossession, forced assimilation and other forms of discrimination on the most fundamental aspects of their identity, including language, art, traditional knowledge and spirituality. But while the effects of this attrition can be devastating, minority and indigenous cultures have also been critical in strengthening communities and providing activists with a platform to fight for their rights. As this volume illustrates, ensuring that the cultural freedoms of minorities and indigenous peoples are protected is essential if their other rights are also to be respected.
Download or read book National Forest Monitoring Systems written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document builds on the brief paper presented at the 7th Meeting of the UN-REDD Programme Policy Board, held in Berlin, October 2011 (UNREDD/PB7/2011/13), which lays out ways to consider the REDD+ monitoring and information provision needs in the broader context of national development and environmental strategies, at the implementation level. The purpose of this document is to describe the elements in National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMSs) as they relate to REDD+ under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and to describe the UN-REDD Programme approach to Monitoring and Measurement, Reporting and Verification (M & MRV) requirements."--Page v.
Download or read book The Global 2000 Report to the President entering the Twenty first Century The technical report written by Global 2000 Study (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on world trends and long term prospects regarding population growth, natural resources and environmental issues - emphasizing the interrelationships between these areas, presents integrated approach projections to the year 2000 of fishery resources, forests, power resources, water resources, mineral resources, agriculture, climate and nuclear energy, etc., And includes a comparison of global model forecasting techniques. Diagrams, graphs, maps, references and statistical tables.
Download or read book Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas written by Lucy Emerton and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become clear during recent global deliberations on biodiversity conservation that achieving Protected Area (PA) financial sustainability will require major changes in the way that PA funding is conceptualized, captured and used. With many, if not most, PAs facing funding crises, both in terms of the amount of funds available and how those are used, there is an urgent need to expand and diversify PA financial portfolios, and to ensure that funding reaches the groups and activities essential for biodiversity conservation. A range of innovative financing mechanisms have been developed and implemented to increase funding for PAs. This document aims to review and assess the status of a variety of these mechanisms, the major obstacles and opportunities for their implementation, and the potential for improvement.
