Download or read book Patterns of Regional Disparities in Panama written by Maria De Los A. Adames R. and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia written by Oksana Dynnikova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how regional disparities have evolved in Russia and how Russia’s system of intergovernmental fiscal relations is managing these disparities. Regional disparities have fallen over the past two decades but remain relatively high. Socioeconomic outcomes remain worse in lagging regions despite faster growth and convergence in income levels. The twin shocks of COVID-19 and lower oil prices appear to have impacted richer regions disproportionately. Compared to other large countries with federal systems of government, Russia stands out with its high reliance on direct taxes as a revenue source for its regions. Transfers from the federal budget to the regions provide some redistribution by reducing the dispersion in real per capita fiscal spending, but also tend to be associated with lower growth. The Russian fiscal system offers degrees of redistribution and risk sharing of around 26 and 18 percent, respectively—with in-kind social transfers contributing the most. Finally, federal transfers in the aggregate tend to be procyclical and are also fairly unresponsive to shocks to regions’ own revenues.
Download or read book Patterns of Regional Geography written by R. B. Mandal and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed papers on integrated geographical study of regions.
Download or read book Regional Disparities Growth and Inclusiveness written by Mr.Holger Floerkemeier and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss regional disparities in economic performance and living standards. We first set out some key facts, and provide a conceptual framework to help analyze whether such disparities are efficient, or instead reflect market and/or policy failures. We examine whether policy attempts to reduce regional disparities necessarily involve a trade-off between equity and efficiency. We then investigate whether policymakers should focus on boosting the economic performance of lagging regions—or, conversely, accept the presence of regional disparities, and instead assist households in lagging regions through transfer payments, investments in education, health, and other basic services, and by facilitating out-migration.
Download or read book Panama Poverty Assessment written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French edition. Human Development Network Series. As the new millennium approaches,... Education will determine who has the keys to the treasures the world can furnish. This is particularly important for the poor, who have to rely on their human capital as the main, if not the only, means of escaping poverty. In this way, new challenges and opportunities arise for education. Immense progress has been achieved in education in the last 50 years. However, immense challenges still remain. This report lays out the vision for education and the ambitious international goals to which the Bank subscribes. It notes the progress so far and the gaps that remain. It describes the rich group of partners associated with the educational endeavor and how the Bank's role has evolved. It conveys the Bank's global priorities and programs to help countries progress toward the international education goals and improve the quality of teaching and learning. It illustrates the processes and operating principles that will help Bank staff contribute more effectively to better educational outcomes in each client country and to monitor success in implementing this strategy. Also available in English (Stock no. 14560) and Spanish (Stock no. 14633).
Download or read book Inequality in Latin America written by David M. De Ferranti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. This book explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers development, and suggests ways to achieve greater equity in the distribution of wealth, incomes and opportunities. The study draws on data from 20 countries based on household surveys covering 3.6 million people, and reviews extensive economic, sociological and political science studies on inequality in Latin America. Four broad areas for action by governments and civil society groups to break the destructive pattern are outlined: (1) build more open political and social institutions, that allow the poor and historically subordinate groups to gain a greater share of agency, voice and power in society; (2) ensure that economic institutions and policies seek greater equity, through sound macroeconomic management and equitable, efficient crisis resolution institutions, that avoid the large regressive redistributions that occur during crises, and that allow for saving in good times to enhance access by the poor to social safety nets in bad times; (3) increase access by the poor to high-quality public services, especially education, health, water and electricity, as well as access to farmland and the rural services, and protect and enforce the property rights of the urban poor; (4) reform income transfer programmes so that they reach the poorest families.
Download or read book OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2020 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regions and Cities at a Glance 2020 provides a comprehensive assessment of how regions and cities across the OECD are progressing towards stronger, more sustainable and more resilient economies and societies. In the light of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the report analyses outcomes and drivers of social, economic and environmental resilience.
Download or read book World Regional Geography written by Lydia Mihelic Pulsipher and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like no other textbook, Pulsipher and Pulsipher’s World Regional Geography puts a human face on the study of regional geography, showing how larger geographical forces affect the lives of individuals and communities around the globe. It’s a refreshing, people-centered approach to the subject focusing on the stories of real people, global trends and interregional linkages, and contemporary topics that transcend regional borders (the war on terrorism, global political order, interregional trade, the global economy, popular culture, the environment, and the Internet).
Download or read book The Colombian Economy and Its Regional Structural Challenges written by Eduardo A. Haddad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-30 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines regional structural challenges on Colombia’s path to sustainable social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. These challenges can be divided into three main groups: (i) those that focus on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those that arise from critical business cycle issues on the demand side, and (iii) those concerning environmental sustainability, employment and social inclusion. The contributions, written by experts on Latin American economics and regional science, apply quantitative simulations based on a unified general equilibrium framework and address a wide range of topics, including: Colombia’s competitive integration in global markets, human capital profiles, regional economic disparities and public and private mechanisms of interregional income transfer. The challenges entailed by such high-profile and long-term issues as productivity growth and climate change are also analyzed. In addition, the book positions Colombia’s experiences in an international comparative context. It argues that many other Latin American countries face similar challenges and provide evidence to substantiate this claim. By doing so, it offers valuable policy lessons for Latin American countries with similar difficulties.
Download or read book World Regional Geography with Subregions written by Lydia Mihelic Pulsipher and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how individuals are affected by, and respond to, economic, social, and political forces at all levels of scale: global, regional and local. It offers an inclusive picture of people in a globalizing world - men, women, children, both mainstream and marginalized citizens - not as seen from a western perspective, but as they see themselves. Core topics of physical, economic, cultural, and political geography are examined from a contemporary perspective, based on authoritative insights from recent geographic theory and examples from countries from around the world.
Download or read book Regional Policy in a Changing World written by Niles Hansen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book S o Paulo written by and published by UN-HABITAT. This book was released on 2010 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Data prepared by the Sao Paulo-based Fundacao Sistema Estadual de Analise de Dados (SEADE) in collaboration with UN-HABITAT"--T.p. verso.
Download or read book An Economic History of Twentieth Century Latin America written by E. Cardenas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the impact on Latin America of the extraordinary transformation of the international economy that took place in the half century or so that preceded the world depression of the 1930s. The authors show how the response varied in terms of both growth and distribution, shaped by varying preconditions, and by natural resources and geography. The interplay of economic developments with political and social structures had profound and varied effects on policy-making and on institutions that were of great significance for later decades.
Download or read book Social Institutions and Gender Index SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender equality and women’s empowerment can only be achieved if countries take action to tackle and eliminate discrimination in their legal frameworks, social norms and practices. The SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019.
Download or read book Inequality in China Trends Drivers and Policy Remedies written by Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.
Download or read book Capital in the Twenty First Century written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.
