Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Shuichi Kinoshita and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present examples of familiar phenomena found in nonequilibrium systems, including oscillatory phenomena, order-formation processes, and pattern formation. In particular, we introduce commonly used mathematical methods to analyze their characteristics. First, we present oscillations described by the Lotka–Volterra and van der Pol equations, the Brusselator, the Oregonator, and relaxation oscillations as examples of oscillatory phenomena. Second, we investigate the order-formation process in colloidal crystals and present an experimental observation of 2D array formation. Third, we demonstrate pattern formation in crystals on the basis of the Mullins–Sekerka instability, and in chemical and biological systems on the basis of the Turing instability. In particular, we describe the optical properties and development of sophisticated structural patterns that directly interact with light. Finally, we briefly describe a theoretical phase-transition analogy that might clarify the concept of order formation in nonequilibrium systems.
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Hiroyuki Kitahata and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we consider the motion of a droplet and the surrounding flow accompanied by the motion. Our specific attention is on the spontaneous and autonomous motion of a droplet. Such a system has no applied external force and no asymmetry imposed a priori. Nevertheless, the droplet moves by consuming energy and by breaking the symmetry of the system. The phenomenon reminds us of biological systems that can also move spontaneously. These systems, which are called self-propulsive systems, have recently been extensively studied after several model experiments were proposed using chemical reactions. The mechanism of such motion is less clear, though theoretical and computational studies have revealed several novel aspects of the motion in contrast with the motion under a given asymmetry. We discuss recently developed experimental systems. Then, we focus on a suspended droplet that swims, and explain how the result can be analyzed in terms of hydrodynamics by using the concept of surface tension. Finally, we apply the method to the analysis of a swimming suspended droplet induced propelled by a chemical pattern generated inside the droplet.
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Takeshi Kano and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems exhibiting spontaneous regular rhythms abound in nature, and several that are characterized by more than two different time scales are known as relaxation oscillators. The density oscillator is an excellent model system for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of relaxation oscillators. It is a system consisting of an inner container, with a thin pipe in its bottom and filled with heavy fluid, inside an outer container filled with light fluid; the fluids alternately exhibit upflow and downflow through the pipe between the two containers. Although the density oscillator is a simple system, its oscillation mechanism is nontrivial and clarifying it is a challenging task. We have recently clarified the mechanism by constructing a simple model on the basis of detailed experiments. In this chapter, we review studies of this topic and introduce relevant work.
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Shinya Yoshioka and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some bird and insect species exhibit iridescent colors that originate from submicron microstructures. One example is a periodic stack of thin layers that selectively reflects light wavelengths with high efficiency through multilayer optical interference. However, the periodicity of the microstructure is not a unique factor in the coloration mechanism; other physical factors such as structural irregularities, large-scale structures, and pigmentation also contribute greatly to the coloration in natural examples. This chapter describes basic experimental and theoretical methods of studying structural color, mainly for those who are unfamiliar with this subject. The chapter discusses two insect species, the jewel beetle and Morpho butterfly, repeatedly rather than introducing many examples. It is emphasized in discussing these examples that additional factors are as important for the coloration as the periodicity in the microstructures.
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Shuichi Kinoshita and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns and their formations appear throughout nature, and are studied to analyze different problems in science and make predictions across a wide range of disciplines including biology, physics, mathematics, chemistry, material science, and nanoscience. With the emergence of nanoscience and the ability for researchers and scientists to study living systems at the biological level, pattern formation research has become even more essential. This book is an accessible first of its kind guide for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students who require a general introduction to this research area, in order to gain a deeper analytical understanding of the most recent observations and experiments by top researchers in physics. Pattern Formations describes the most up-to-date status of this developing field and analyzes the physical phenomena behind a wide range of interesting topics commonly known in the scientific community. The study of pattern formations as a research field will continue to grow as scientists expand their understanding of naturally occurring patterns and mimic nature to help solve complex problems. This research area is becoming more highly recognized due to its contributions to signal processing, computer analysis, image processing, complex networks development, advancements in optics and photonics, crystallography, metallurgy, drug delivery (chemotherapy) and the further understanding of gene regulation. - The only introductory reference book which places special emphasis on the theoretical analyses of experiments in this rapidly growing field of pattern formation - A wide range of physical applications make this book highly interdisciplinary - Explanations of observations and experiments deepen the readers understanding of this developing research field
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Jun Miyazaki and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, temporal and spatial patterns observed in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction are described, which is a typical nonlinear chemical reaction system that exhibits oscillation and wave propagation. Some related phenomena in biological systems are presented. The underlying mechanism and modeling of oscillation based on chemical equations are then introduced. Reaction diffusion equations are derived and numerical simulations are performed based on the model to explain how the dynamical pattern appears. Finally, synchronous phenomena observed in the BZ reaction are described with an analytical method based on the phase model.
Download or read book Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena written by Junpei Yamanaka and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submicron-sized colloidal particles dispersed in a liquid medium self-assemble to form ordered “crystal” structures in which the particles are regularly arranged in body-centered or face-centered cubic lattice structures. Colloidal crystals have been useful models for studying crystallization in general. They have also attracted considerable attention as novel materials. In this chapter, we describe the physical basis and experimental studies of colloidal crystallization, in particular those of charged colloids. We first present a general introduction to the physical background on the stability and interaction of colloids. Then we report our studies on the crystallization of charged colloids, including charge-induced crystallization, unidirectional crystallization, gel immobilization, and exclusion of impurities. Finally, we review recent research topics in this field, including those on opal crystals and complex structures.
Download or read book Growth and Form of Self organized Branched Crystal Pattern in Nonlinear Chemical System written by Rohit Srivastava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces the oscillatory reaction and pattern formation in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction that became model for investigating a wide range of intriguing pattern formations in chemical systems. So many modifications in classic version of BZ reaction have been carried out in various experimental conditions that demonstrate rich varieties of temporal oscillations and spatio-temporal patterns in non- equilibrium conditions. Mixed-mode versions of BZ reactions, which comprise a pair of organic substrates or dual metal catalysts, have displayed very complex oscillating behaviours and novel space-time patterns during reaction processes. These characteristic spatio-temporal properties of BZ reactions have attracted increasing attention of the scientific community in recent years because of its comparable periodic structures in electrochemical systems, polymerization processes, and non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena. Instead, non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena which lead to development of novel crystal morphologies in constraint of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions have been investigated and are said to be stationary periodic structures. Efforts have continued to analyze insight mechanisms and roles of reaction-diffusion mechanism and self-organization in the growth of such periodic crystal patterns. In this book, non-equilibrium crystallization phenomena, leading to growth of some novel crystal patterns in dual organic substrate modes of oscillatory BZ reactions have been discussed. Efforts have been made to find out experimental parameters where transitions of the spherulitic crystal patterns take place. The book provides the scientific community and entrepreneurs with a thorough understanding and knowledge of the growth and form of branched crystal pattern in reaction-diffusion system and their morphological transition.
Download or read book Introduction to Oscillatory Motion With Mathematica written by Steven Tan and published by Steven Tan. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a survey of basic oscillatory concepts with the aid of Mathematica® computer algebra system to represent them and to calculate with them. It is written for students, teachers, and researchers needing to understand the basic of oscillatory motion or intending to use Mathematica® to extend their knowledge. All illustrations in the book can be replicated and used to learn and discover oscillatory motion in a new and exciting way. It is meant to complement the analytical skills and to use the computer to visualize the results and to develop a deeper intuitive understanding of oscillatory motion by observing the effects of varying the parameters of the problem.
Download or read book Dynamics and Pattern Formation in an Oscillatory Reaction diffusion System written by Bradley Thomas Marts and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where possible we have compared our experimental results with published theory either analytic or numeric. In the cases where no theory exists we have done our best to present a numerical simulation, give an analytic explanation for our observations, or present an ansatz solution to a theoretical model.
Download or read book Ordinary Differential Equations for Engineers written by Ali Ümit Keskin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents teaching material in the field of differential equations while addressing applications and topics in electrical and biomedical engineering primarily. The book contains problems with varying levels of difficulty, including Matlab simulations. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as lecturers, but the book may also be beneficial for practicing engineers alike.
Download or read book General System Theory Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems written by Gianfranco Minati and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Second Generation General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems" that was published in Systems
Download or read book Colloidal Self Assembly written by Junpei Yamanaka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-04 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise book covers fundamental principles of colloidal self-assembly and overviews of basic and applied research in this field, with abundant illustrations and photographs. Experimental and computer simulation methods to study the colloidal self-assembly are demonstrated. Complementary videos "Visual Guide to Study Colloidal Self-Assembly" on the research procedures and assembly processes are available via SpringerLink to support learning. The book explains basic elements of mechanics and electromagnetism required to study the colloidal self-assembly, so that graduate students of chemistry and engineering courses can learn the contents on their own. It reviews important research topics, including the authors' works on the colloidal self-assembly of more than 30 years’ work. The principal topics include: (1) crystallization of colloidal dispersions, with the emphasis on the role of surface charges, (2) fabrication of large and high-quality colloidal crystals by applying controlled growth methods, (3) association and crystallization by depletion attraction in the presence of polymers, (4) clustering of colloidal particles, especially those in oppositely charged systems, and (5) two-dimensional colloidal crystals. Furthermore, it covers (6) applications of colloidal crystals, ranging from cosmetics to sensing materials. We also describe space experiments on colloidal self-assembly in the International Space Station. This book will interest graduate school students in colloid and polymer science, pharmaceutics, soft matter physics, material sciences, and chemical engineering courses. It will also be a useful guide for individuals in academia and industry undertaking research in this field.
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics Reversible And Irreversible Thermodynamics Second Edition written by Byung Chan Eu and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enables the reader to learn, in a single volume, equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics as well as generalized forms of hydrodynamics for linear and nonlinear processes applied to various hydrodynamic flow processes — including chemical oscillation phenomena and pattern formations, shock wave phenomena, sound wave propagations, and Liesegang pattern formation, amongst others.Chemical Thermodynamics introduces advanced undergraduate students and graduate students to the fundamental ideas and notions of the first and second laws of thermodynamics by seamlessly combining equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics in a unicameral viewpoint based on the first and second law of thermodynamics. Part I of the book discusses equilibrium thermodynamics in historical deference, covering topics generally dealt with in traditional equilibrium thermodynamics. In Part II, the concept of entropy for reversible processes is extended and developed for thermodynamics of irreversible processes by using the concept of calortropy (heat evolution), so that the mathematical theory of macroscopic processes in matter, including a generalized form of hydrodynamics, is ensured to remain consistent with the thermodynamic laws.
Download or read book Microscale Combustion and Power Generation written by Christopher Cadou and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2014-12-26 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in microfabrication technologies have enabled the development of entirely new classes of small-scale devices with applications in fields ranging from biomedicine, to wireless communication and computing, to reconnaissance, and to augmentation of human function. In many cases, however, what these devices can actually accomplish is limited by the low energy density of their energy storage and conversion systems. This breakthrough book brings together in one place the information necessary to develop the high energy density combustion-based power sources that will enable many of these devices to realize their full potential. Engineers and scientists working in energy-related fields will find: • An overview of the fundamental physics and phenomena of microscale combustion; • Presentations of the latest modeling and simulation techniques for gasphase and catalytic micro-reactors; • The latest results from experiments in small-scale liquid film, microtube, and porous combustors, micro-thrusters, and micro heat engines; • An assessment of the additional research necessary to develop compact and high energy density energy conversion systems that are truly practical.
Download or read book Pattern Formation in a Model of an Oscillatory Belousov Zhabotinsky Medium written by William S. Comstock and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Systemic Turn in Human and Natural Sciences written by Lucia Urbani Ulivi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to the consolidation and to the expansion of theoretic systems thinking as a necessary integration of the general reductionist and analytical attitude dominant in our culture. Reductionism and analytical approaches have produced significant results in many fields of contemporary knowledge giving a great contribution to relevant scientific discoveries and to their technological application, but their validity has been improperly universalized as the only and best methods of knowledge in every domain. It is nowadays clear that analytical or mereological approaches are inadequate to solve many problems and that we should introduce – or support the diffusion of - new concepts and different research attitudes. A good candidate to support such a shift is the well known theoretical approach based on the concept of “system” that no more considers the elementary constituents of an object, but the entity emerging from the relations and interactions among its elementary parts. It becomes possible to reconstruct several domains, both philosophical and scientific, from the systemic point of view, introducing fresh ideas in the research in view of a general rational vision of the world on more comprehensive basis. This book contributes to the diffusion and evolution of systemic thinking by focusing on two main objectives: developing and updating the systemic approach in disciplines currently using it and introducing the systemic perspective in humanistic disciplines, where the approach is not widely used. The Systemic Turn in Human and Natural Sciences: A Rock in the Pond is comprised of ten chapters. The chapter authors adopt a trans-disciplinary perspective, consisting in the recognition and harmonization of the special outlooks that together, within the general systemic paradigm, gives an ideal unity to the book.
