Download or read book Past Participle Agreement written by Jorge Vega Vilanova and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the traditional definition of ‘grammaticalization’ is challenged in the light of current developments in grammar theory. The main innovation of this approach is the focus on the feature composition of lexical items. From this perspective, the loss of past participle agreement in Catalan is analyzed on the basis of newly collected data as a consequence of the grammaticalization of formal features. The emergence of syntactic formal features through grammaticalization is understood as a last-resort repair mechanism for pragmatically costly derivations. Further far-reaching implications of this proposal under discussion are: the interplay between (re-)parametrization, economy, cyclicity, and grammaticalization; the characterization of free variation under a modified version of the Interface Hypothesis; and the precedence of syntactic over morphological change. This book is not only of interest to specialists in Romance languages but also to anyone working on diachronic linguistics.

Download or read book Seberson Method New SAT Vocabulary Workbook written by Katya Seberson and published by Sourcebooks, Inc.. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Further your SAT vocabulary knowledge to get farther down the road to success This SAT vocabulary workbook helps students master more than 700 words that frequently appear in the SAT's reading, writing, and essay sections. The book's approach reflects changes made to the test in recent years, focusing on understanding vocabulary more than rote memorization. It's a modern workbook designed to give students the edge needed to improve their SAT scores. 145 short lessons—Each lesson features a theme to help contextualize vocabulary and concludes with a mini quiz to test understanding. Practical organization—Chapters focus on different elements of the SAT, including words for reading topics like history and science, transition words, and commonly confused words. Learning that lasts—With extra tips for retention, this focused approach works equally well for students who are taking the test in a week or in a year. Perfect for summer learning—This guide makes a great summer workbook for students planning to take the SAT this coming year who want to get a head start on studying before heading back to school. Get the ideal resource for students looking to master SAT vocabulary.

Download or read book Past Participle Agreement in Tirant Lo Blanch written by Stanford Allen Carmack and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Underspecification of Past Participles written by Dennis Wegner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are the past participial forms that occur in passive and perfect periphrases substantially identical or should they rather be distinguished into accidentally homophonous passive and perfect(ive) participles? This book discusses the long-standing mystery of past participial (non-)identity on the basis of a broad range of synchronic data from Germanic and Romance, eventually focussing on German and English as these draw the most relevant distinctions (e.g. auxiliary alternation, a passive auxiliary that is not BE). Together with some contrastive insights from Slavic as well as the diachrony of passive and perfect periphrases, this clearly points to an identity-view. The novel approach that is laid out suggests that past participles conflate diathetic and aspectual properties. The former cause the suppression of an external argument, whereas the latter impose event-structure sensitive perfectivity, which only induces the completion of a situation if the underlying eventuality denotes a simple change of state. An approach along these lines sheds light on the intricate properties of past participles and the auxiliaries they occur with, the determinants of auxiliary selection as well as the interplay of argument and event structure.

Download or read book The Agreement of the Past Participle in Spoken French as a Sociolinguistic Variable written by Damien Fabien Rémi Gaucher and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation written by Lester Kaufman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.

Download or read book Angles of Object Agreement written by Andrew Nevins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws on insights from a range of theoretical perspectives to explore objects, agreement, and their intersecting angles, based on novel data from multiple language families. The chapters explores the mechanics of object agreement, constraints on symmetry, features of object agreement, and issues relating to the left periphery.

Download or read book Formal Approaches to Romance Morphosyntax written by Marc-Olivier Hinzelin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed a (re)surfacing of interest on the interaction of morphology and syntax. For many grammatical phenomena, it is not easy to draw a dividing line between syntactic and morphological structure. This has led to the assumption that syntax is the module responsible not only for deriving syntactically complex phrases but also for deriving morphologically complex items, both in inflection and word formation. There are however also good reasons to think that syntax is not involved in all morphological processes and that there are consistent areas of morphology that are independent from syntactic processes. This book presents a collection of papers where phenomena from Romance languages and varieties are analysed under contrasting views on how morphology and syntax interact. All the contributions follow the aim to investigate what the analysed phenomena tell us about their structural make‐up and the grammatical processes involved.

Download or read book The Little French Dictionary of Word Families written by Dylane Moreau and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An easy little dictionary to learn French vocabularyIf there was a method for you to learn French vocabulary quickly and efficiently, would you do it? Of course you would, who wouldn't like to learn faster!This is exactly what this book is about, an easy way to learn French vocabulary. French is already complicated in general and there is no need to make it any harder.With this little French dictionary, you will learn 2500 words by word families. But how does it work? Simply by learning one word, that word will lead you up to 11 words from the same family. To understand the meaning, there is a sentence for each word family. Also, everything is translated to English, and as you will see, you probably already know a lot of words without knowing it. This book is the perfect French vocabulary builder, an easy French book to take everywhere with you.Practice your pronunciation with the FREE Audio available on our website.

Download or read book The Syntax of Agreement and Concord written by Mark C. Baker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-07 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Agreement' is the grammatical phenomenon in which the form of one item, such as the noun 'horses', forces a second item in the sentence, such as the verb 'gallop', to appear in a particular form, i.e. 'gallop' must agree with 'horses' in number. Even though agreement phenomena are some of the most familiar and well-studied aspects of grammar, there are certain basic questions that have rarely been asked, let alone answered. This book develops a theory of the agreement processes found in language, and considers why verbs agree with subjects in person, adjectives agree in number and gender but not person, and nouns do not agree at all. Explaining these differences leads to a theory that can be applied to all parts of speech and to all languages.

Download or read book The Complete French Grammar Course written by Dylane Moreau and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the French grammar with this easy French textbook full of examples and exercises! This course is divided into 7 chapters and includes 200 exercises and free video lessons for each point. The method is simple: start from a simple sentence and add slowly more elements to it. Then practice after each new element with one or more exercises.

Download or read book Re labeling written by Carlo Cecchetto and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new theory of labeling that sheds light on such syntactic phenomena as relativization, successive cyclicity, island phenomena, and Minimality effects. When two categories merge and a new syntactic object is formed, what determines which of the two merged categories transmits its properties one level up—or, in current terminology, which of the two initial categories labels the new object? In (Re)labeling, Carlo Cecchetto and Caterina Donati take this question as the starting point of an investigation that sheds light on longstanding puzzles in the theory of syntax in the generative tradition. They put forward a simple idea: that words are special because they can provide a label for free when they merge with some other category. Crucially, this happens even when a word merges with another category as a result of syntactic movement. This means that a word has a “relabeling” power in that the structure resulting from its movement can have a different label from the one that the structure previously had. Cecchetto and Donati argue that relabeling cases triggered by the movement of a word are pervasive in the syntax of natural languages and that their identification sheds light on such phenomena as relativization, explaining for free why relatives clauses have a nominal distribution, successive cyclicity, island effects, root phenomena, and Minimality effects.

Download or read book Aspects of the Syntax of Agreement written by Cedric Boeckx and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-04-28 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together various strands of research focusing on aspects of the syntax of agreement, and the role that agreement plays in linguistic theory. The essays collected here show how and why agreement has emerged in recent years as the central theoretical construct in minimalism. Although the theoretical context of the volume is minimalist in character, Boeckx formulates formal and substantive universals in the domain of agreement.

Download or read book The Rise of Agreement written by Eric Fuß and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the historical paths leading from pronouns to markers of verbal agreement and proposes a unified formal account of this grammaticalization process. In opposition to beliefs widely held in the literature, it is argued that new agreement formatives can be coined in a multitude of syntactic environments. Still, the individual paths toward agreement are shown to exhibit a set of underlying similarities which are attributed to universal principles that govern the reanalysis of pronominal clitics as exponents of verbal agreement across languages. It is claimed that syntactic principles impose only a set of necessary conditions on the reanalysis in question, while its ultimate trigger is morphological in nature. More specifically, it is argued that the acquisition of inflectional morphology is governed by blocking effects which operate during language acquisition and promote the grammaticalization of new markers if this change serves to replace ‘worn-out’, underspecified forms with new, more specified candidates.

Download or read book Language Acquisition and Development written by Ana Castro and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-11 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection contains 43 papers presented at the GALA (Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition) conference 2009, held in Lisbon, Portugal. The volume contains a very wide and rich range of topics, reflecting the immense quality of the event: the acquisition of languages from different families is studied; comparisons between acquisition of L1, L2 and atypical language development are made; all areas of language development are explored (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, lexicon, pragmatics and interactions between components). The proceedings of GALA are an invaluable reference for those interested in Language Acquisition, Language Development and Child Language.

Download or read book Comparisons and Contrasts written by Richard S. Kayne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparisons and Contrasts collects eleven of Richard Kayne's recent articles in theoretical syntax, with an emphasis on comparative syntax, which uses syntactic differences among languages to probe the properties of the human language faculty. Kayne attaches particular importance to uncovering the primitives of syntax/semantics, demonstrating the existence of silent elements that are syntactically and semantically active, and showing their distribution and limitations. He attempts to derive the very existence of the noun-verb distinction-and to account for the sharp differences between nouns and verbs and for the lack of parallelism between them-from the antisymmetric character of syntax. The common theme is an exploration of how wide a range of questions the field of syntax can reasonably attempt to ask and then answer.Comparisons and Contrasts will appeal to scholars and graduate students interested in syntax, semantics, and their effects on other areas of linguistics.

Download or read book Foundations of French Syntax written by Michael Allan Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-12 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students, this detailed analysis of the principal areas of French grammar combines the insights of modern linguistic theory with those of more traditional grammarians. Theory is placed firmly in the service of description and analysis, and students are guided to an understanding of the French language which will complement the information offered by traditional reference grammars. The book includes discussion of verbs and verb phrases, voice, tense and mood, the noun phrase and pronouns, prepositions and variations in sentence-structure. The author pays special attention to those areas of French grammar which pose difficulties for an English-speaking reader. Each chapter is followed by a set of problems and exercises, and by a useful guide to further reading. Foundations of French Syntax assumes no prior knowledge of linguistics, and will appeal to students and teachers of linguistics, French and other Romance languages.