Download or read book The Particle Wave Mass Unification written by Wim Vegt and published by Brave New Books. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light has always been my favorite subject in research. Already during 30 years I have focussed my subject of research towards light. During my research I have developped a new theory of Unification in which the classical approach in Quantum Physics of the "Particle-Wave" Duality has been replaced by the Particle-Wave-Mass Unification Theory in which the Particle, the Wave and the Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. This new "Unification Theory" has been grounded on a historical fundamental mathematical mistake over a 150 years ago in Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new Unification Theory, the 100 year old concept in Quantum Physics of the Particle-Wave duality has been be replaced by a Unification in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of Matter, The Origin of this world, the Origin of this Universe. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is divided by a spherical probability wave function corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. The famous 1927 Solvay Conference was considered a turning point in the world of Physics. The scientific realists like Albert Einstein had lost and the instrumentalists like Niels Bohr had won the fundamental conflict. Since then Physics has followed the path of the instrumentalists in which Quantum Physics has been determined by the concept of Elementary Particles and Probability Waves. When you read my book, it is very likely that the world of Physics is still very calm. Like in the early morning, just when the sun rises. You feel peace and the birds start to wake up and you hear the first sounds breaking the silence of the night. The sounds of joy, the sounds of happiness, the sounds of peace. But it is the morning of the great battle. The battle in physics. Still everybody is asleep. There is no sign of aggression. But soon the armies will rise and the battle will be dark and merciless. Because there is so much to lose. And what is there to gain. Physics has taken over Religion. Physics has replaced the God of Love by the God of the Dice. In Quantum Physics the magicians wave like Harry Potter magicians with their wants and speak out not understandable spells and create new formulas, new elementary particles which need so much more money to investigate . Physics has taken over the immense donations which were given in the past to the churches and which are given now in immense amounts in the form of worldwide funding to high energy accelerators like CERN. But the war is coming. And this book is written in the darkest hours of the night and is presented in the morning just when the sun is rising and just before the war is starting. And the war will be merciless. Because there is so much to lose. It will be the war between Light and Darkness. The war between Freedom and Slavery. The war between Probability and Light. And the empires of physics will ignore what is coming. They will look deep into their books with magic spells and they do not see that the war is coming. Because they do not see what they do not want to see. The new theory presented in this book book will break patterns, will break believes and will break power. But that will not happen until the war has started and the Empire of Physics will strike back. Because there is so much to lose. Because this theory will break patterns in thinking it is not possible to avoid the old patterns. And it is not possible to avoid the old equations and to avoid the old theories and to avoid the old spells. In the ancient Greece, philosophers like Plato were already discussing the concept of matter build out of particles. Called a-tomos (atom) by Democritus and means not dividable. And since then, the concept of the atom has never left the human mind. This new theory will break with the ancient concepts over more than 2000 years old. This theory is already spreading over the internet like an indestructible bug. And when the morning rises, Physics cannot deny anymore the question: Is Physics following the right path of human logic or is Physics a mind blowing expensive trip in the non-existing worlds of illusions?
Download or read book Particle Or Wave written by Charis Anastopoulos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Particle or Wave' explains the origins and development of modern physical concepts about matter and the controversies surrounding them.
Download or read book Unification of Classical Quantum and Relativistic Mechanics and of the Four Forces written by J. X. Zheng-Johansson and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Drs J X Zheng-Johansson and Per-Ivar Johansson present a remarkable unification scheme. The scheme is based on an analysis of the overall experimental observations available up to today, and an observation of the unsolved problems maintained in contemporary theoretical physics, revisiting past controversies and putting them in context with contemporary physics. The unsolved problems were the agent stimulating the authors to invent a new bold unification scheme. Vacuum polarisation, with a vacuuon (a pair of strongly bound opposite-signed charges) as a free entity, gets you back to the days of the ether concept, abandoned by physics after the Michelson-Morley experiment by the end of the 19:th century. Starting from constructing the fundamental building blocks for the vacuum and material particles, the Newtonian-Maxwellian solutions the authors obtain yield insights into fundamental concepts such as vacuum, charge, and mass. For instance, can vacuum be described by a building block denoted vacuuon, with or without mass depending on pushed into motion or not? Can free charges be described as a mass-less entity? Can and how vacuum polarise? However, even if vacuum in the real Universe never polarises as proposed in this unification scheme, it may yet serve as another tool in the physics toolbox, a theoretical bridge between classical and modern physics. Physics and physical theory is a human invention, a mathematical description of the intrinsic properties of the Universe and its associated phenomena. Our understanding of the Universe is a reaction of our mind, of our way of understanding. Richard Feynman once noted about the Maxwell equations something that goes like: If a mathematical theory in physics cannot be proved by experiments it remains to be proved mathematically. Ultimately, it must be possible to test any new theory by experiments. If experimental tests are not possible we are left with a mere hypothesis based on equations. The unification scheme proposed by this work consists of a Proposition about the fundamental building blocks (ap- and n-vaculeon) and a series of Predictions from Newtonian-Maxwellian solutions based on that Proposition. The arriving at the Proposition and the Predictions, relating to classical, quantum and relativistic mechanics, is their context. The book is a challenge out of the ordinary, a challenge that deserves careful consideration.
Download or read book The Lightness of Being written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can an electron be both a wave and a particle? At the same time? Because it is a quantum field. That key insight seems to be underappreciated, given the awe and mysticism that permeate most nontechnical discussions of modern physics. Perhaps the root of the problem is that most popularizations of quantum mechanics and of particle physics shy away from quantized fields, the natural language for microscopic phenomena. In 'The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces', Frank Wilczek confronts quantum field theory head on, demystifying not only wave-particle duality but also the origin of mass for hadrons (that is, everyday matter). Wilczek is the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at MIT and a co-recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics. His research has spanned almost all aspects of theoretical particle physics, with significant forays into condensed-matter physics and dense nuclear matter (condensed quark matter, one might say). Recurring themes are the richness of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the alluring ideas of unification. His breadth and depth make him a sought after speaker for colloquia and public lectures. Wilczek also contributes an occasional Reference Frame column to 'Physics Today'. The material in 'The Lightness of Being' reflects the scope of the author's research. The book consists of three parts: the quantum fields of QCD (the ether that makes mass), gravitation (the ether that feels mass), and unification. Part 1, which traces notions of mass from Isaac Newton's time through theoretical and computational results of the past 40 years, is the most substantial and original; it is rich, modern, and rooted in observed phenomena. Part 2 continues in the same vein as it connects gravity, also an observed phenomenon, to QCD. Part 3 is more conventional, for a popularization of particle physics, in its focus on speculative ideas that (still) await direct experimental tests. Readers of 'Physics Today' will know that Wilczek can write with wit, grace, and an uncanny facility for using lightweight language to express heavy-duty ideas. They will find much of that kind of writing in 'The Lightness of Being'. Wilczek addresses subtle ideas with vim and vigor. He avoids some of the jargon of quantum field theory; for example, he calls the vertex in a Feynman diagram a hub. In more ambitious terminology, he refers to space-filling, everfluctuating quantum fields--be they electrons, quarks, gluons, or gravity--as 'the Grid'. The term is supposed to be short and familiar, evoking the ubiquitous electric grid (and soon-to-beubiquitous computing grid). It also, for the expert, cleverly alludes to lattice gauge theory. Indeed, after vividly explaining how the dynamics of QCD and the constraints of Heisenberg uncertainty conspire to create mass from the Grid, Wilczek emphasizes that the picture is backed by lattice QCD computations of 'heroic' proportions. Unfortunately, too much of 'The Lightness' is laden with clunky affectation: silly names (a pulsed electron accelerator is called the 'ultrastroboscopic nanomicroscope'), sophomoric jokes ('hadron' is 'not a typo'), references to pop culture (Wilczek might have called quantum fields 'the Matrix, but the sequels tarnished that candidate'), and many pointless footnotes. In a public lecture the audience may guffaw at such jokes, but on the printed page they fall flat. Wilczek explains physics so well that the inappropriate humor is the biggest unexplained puzzle of the book. It is fine to be silly, even crude, as long as the reader's path to understanding is made easier. A joke can inform with an unexpected perspective or simply give the mind a pause to refresh. Some of the humor achieves such aims, but too many gags impede the pace of the otherwise fine exposition. Three appendices, a glossary, and a set of endnotes are crisp and sober. They are excellent. 'The Lightness of Being' is not unbearable, but it is weighed down with too much clutter to rank as a masterpiece. It's a pity: Wilczek's best writing--some of it in this book--is l.
Download or read book Particle or Wave written by Charis Anastopoulos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle or Wave is the first popular-level book to explain the origins and development of modern physical concepts about matter and the controversies surrounding them. The dichotomy between particle and wave reflects a dispute--whether the universe's most elementary building blocks are discrete or continuous in nature--originating in antiquity when philosophers first speculated about the makeup of the physical world. Charis Anastopoulos examines two of the earliest known theories about matter--the atomic theory, which attributed all physical phenomena to atoms and their motion in the void, and the theory of the elements, which described matter as consisting of the substances earth, air, fire, and water. He then leads readers up through the ages to the very frontiers of modern physics to reveal how these seemingly contradictory ideas still lie at the heart of today's continuing debates. Anastopoulos explores the revolutionary contributions of thinkers like Nicolas Copernicus, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein. He shows how Einstein's ideas about relativity unify opposing concepts by identifying matter with energy, and how quantum mechanics goes even further by postulating the coexistence of the particle and the wave descriptions. Anastopoulos surveys the latest advances in physics on the fundamental structure of matter, including the theories of quantum fields and elementary particles, and new cutting-edge ideas about the unification of all forces. This book reveals how the apparent contradictions of particle and wave reflect very different ways of understanding the physical world, and how they are pushing modern science to the threshold of new discoveries.
Download or read book Completion and Unification of Quantum Mechanics with Einstein s GR Ideas written by Zoran Majkić and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique manuscript presents a novel approach to QM by modelling an elementary particle via 3D matter/energy density, which propagates in the open time-space continuum as a rest mass energy density wave packet. This simple idea is based on the fact that any macroscopic object of mass M that occupies a finite 3D volume V can be represented by an energy-density contained in V, so that the integration of this energy-density over V provides the total energy E = Mc^2 . This new theory is fully integrated with the theory of relativity, and completes the quantum theory of Einstein by overcoming the Copenhagen interpretation. The newly introduced partial differential equations describe the relativistic phenomena and, generally, the dependence of a particle's geometrical form (its internal matter distribution) on its velocity and acceleration. A number of well-known physical principles are obtained as derived results of this theory, and are consolidated by a number of detailed examples. Part I, which is dedicated to the completion of QM, is composed of five Chapters. In the first two chapters, the nucleus is analysed in terms of the material discussed. Chapter Three is dedicated to the development of the Lagrangian density for the complex wave packets of the rest mass energy density of an elementary particle, and to the new quantum field theory. The authors obtained the set of new non-Hamiltonian TSPF quantum operators, parameterised by the vector velocity field of energy density with corresponding Hilbert spaces for accelerated particles, and these were valid in any (infinitesimal) local Minkowski time-space. The main results are the new differential equations obtained as conservation laws for Noether currents and Euler-Lagrange equations, which express the exact form of the complex terms used in the differential equations in Chapters One and Two, and introduce the most useful concept of the velocity for any infinitesimal amount of the energy density flux of a particle (the hidden variables). In Chapter Four, a gauge theory and a new explanation of the mass gap conjecture in Yang-Mils theory and of the Higgs mechanism without necessity of the new Higgs field and its bosons, along with a new explanation of double-slit experiments are presented. Thus, the authors obtained a conservative extension of current probabilistic/statistic QM valid for an ensemble of particles, each individual particle, and which is deterministic and compatible by classical mechanics.
Download or read book The Book of Universes written by John D. Barrow and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barrow presents an unforgettable tour of the strange and wonderful universes that modern physics posits might--just might--be out there.
Download or read book Light is the Bridge between God Relativity and Quantum Physics written by Wim Vegt and published by Brave New Books. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented theory in this book has been grounded on a fundamental mathematical mistake in the famous George Maxwell’s Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with an Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new theory the old concept in Quantum Physics of a mystic relationship between particles, waves and mass will be replaced by a New Unification Theory in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of this Universe. The Origin of this world. The Tri-Unity in Science. A science where the hundred year old “Particle-Wave” duality in quantum physics has been replaced by the “Particle-Wave-Mass” Tri-Unity. A science build on the theories of Newton. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is dived by a spherical probability corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. A new concept in which light (electromagnetic waves) are the carrier of the tri-unity in this material world. That light can confines itself and create matter, create our world, create our universe. Light that has the three aspects:
Download or read book Unification with Gr written by Zoran Majkić and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed completion of QM theory, with the new non-probabilistic equations and a new mathematical basis for the deterministic quantum mechanics is presented here as a conservative extension of the Standard QM by 3-dimensional (of rest mass energy density) elementary particles. This theory can reshape our view of the quantum world, allowing us to include also classical gravity and to answer some of the deep unresolved questions at the heart of quantum mechanics. This new theory of particles is a constructive approach, alternative to the string theory. Thus, it avoids the infinitary problems of the inverse square for gravitational and electric forces, and may be used as a formal basis for Einsteins unification theory. This second volume is the continuation of Part I and is dedicated to its unification with General Relativity (GR) and with higher dimensions used for the particles properties, such as electrical charge, spin, colours, etc. In Chapter One, after a brief presentation of the main results obtained in Part I, the concepts of GR theory, tensors, and differential pseudo-Rimannian 4-dimensional time-space manifolds are gradually introduced sufficiently for a self-contained presentation and derivation of these new covariant equations. Then, the unification of this newly completed deterministic QM with the GR theory is provided . Chapter Two introduces and examines the extremely small, compacted higher dimensions in order to integrate the charge and spin properties of the elementary particles in a complete quantum physics theory for elementary particles. Chapter Three considers the higher dimensional wave packets of the particles and their reduction to the 4-dimensional time-space, and particles vector kets in the higher-dimensional manifold framework. These are composed of Minkowski time-space and new small, compacted dimensions: a spacelike extra dimension for the quantised spin vectors of the particles and time-like extra dimensions for the quantised charges. After that important properties of this QM theory are considered, the new quantum superposition for the states of a number of individual particles and ERP paradox (entanglement) are discussed.
Download or read book The Origin of Mass written by John Iliopoulos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of a new elementary particle at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in 2012 made headlines in world media. Since we already know of a large number of elementary particles, why did this latest discovery generate so much excitement? This small book reveals that this particle provides the key to understanding one of the most extraordinary phenomena which occurred in the early Universe. It introduces the mechanism that made possible, within tiny fractions of a second after the Big Bang, the generation of massive particles. The Origin of Mass is a guided tour of cosmic evolution, from the Big Bang to the elementary particles we study in our accelerators today. The guiding principle of this book is a concept of symmetry which, in a profound and fascinating way, seems to determine the structure of the Universe.
Download or read book The World Beyond Black Holes written by Wim Vegt and published by Brave New Books. This book was released on 2020-04-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the physics of Black Holes, it is important to understand the first law in Physics which controls our entire universe. This is the law of "Perfect Equilibrium". Within the entire universe there is always a prefect equilibrium between all the physical forces like gravity, forces of inertia, radiation pressure and Electro-Magnetic Interaction forces at any time, in any direction and at any space coordinate. This is the fundamental law in physics on which also the existence of a Black Hole has been grounded. This new theory will explain the forces within a beam of light interacting with gravity while the beam of light propagates within the gravitational field generated by a black hole.When we look at modern Physics, we can only be impressed by an enormous amount of knowledge and a complete New World of technical applications. We now live in the century of the impressive victory of the new science and the new technology over the old-fashioned world and the old-fashioned way of thinking. Great shifts in the way of thinking and the technological achievements are mostly characterized by an important scientific publication in a century that changes everything in that century.
Download or read book Completion and Unification of Quantum Mechanics with Einstein s GR Ideas Completion of QM written by Zoran Majkíc and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique manuscript presents a novel approach to QM by modeling an elementary particle via 3D matter/energy density, which propagates in the open time-space continuum as a rest mass energy density wave packet. This simple idea is based on the fact that any macroscopic object of mass M that occupies a finite 3D volume V can be represented by an energy-density contained in V, so that the integration of this energy-density over V provides the total energy E = Mc^2 . This new theory is fully integrated with the theory of relativity, and completes the quantum theory of Einstein by overcoming the Copenhagen interpretation. The newly introduced partial differential equations describe the relativistic phenomena and, generally, the dependence of a particle's geometrical form (its internal matter distribution) on its velocity and acceleration. A number of well-known physical principles are obtained as derived results of this theory, and are consolidated by a number of detailed examples.Part I, which is dedicated to the completion of QM, is composed of five Chapters. In the first two chapters, the nucleus is analyzed in terms of the material discussed. Chapter Three is dedicated to the development of the Lagrangian density for the complex wave packets of the rest mass energy density of an elementary particle, and to the new quantum field theory. The authors obtained the set of new non-Hamiltonian TSPF quantum operators, parameterized by the vector velocity field of energy density with corresponding Hilbert spaces for accelerated particles, and these were valid in any (infinitesimal) local Minkowski time-space. The main results are the new differential equations obtained as conservation laws for Noether currents and Euler-Lagrange equations, which express the exact form of the complex terms used in the differential equations in Chapters One and Two, and introduce the most useful concept of the velocity for any infinitesimal amount of the energy density flux of a particle (the hidden variables).In Chapter Four, a gauge theory and a new explanation of the mass gap conjecture in Yang-Mils theory and of the Higgs mechanism without necessity of the new Higgs field and its bosons, along with a new explanation of double-slit experiments are presented. Thus, the authors obtained a conservative extension of current probabilistic/statistic QM valid for an ensemble of particles, each individual particle, and which is deterministic and compatible by classical mechanics.
Download or read book From Paradox to Reality written by Fritz Rohrlich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-08-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses, in clear non technical language, the two major theories of twentieth-century physics: relativity and quantum mechanics. They are discussed conceptually and philosophically, rather than using mathematics, and the philosophical issues raised pertain to much of science, not only physics. The book is based on successful courses taught by the author, who shows how new discoveries forced physicists to accept often strange and unconventional notions. He aims to remove the mystery and misrepresentation that often surround the ideas of modern physics and to show how modern scientists construct theories. In this way, the reader can appreciate their successes and failures and understand problems which are as yet unsolved.
Download or read book Stumbling Blocks Against Unification On Some Persistent Misconceptions In Physics written by Matej Pavsic and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history is full of misconceptions that opposed the progress of physics. The book starts with reviewing some historical cases, such as the arguments against the Earth rotation, or the famous problem of ¾ in the theory of electromagnetic mass of electron. After having pointed out that misconceptions have been common in the history of physics, it is argued that they must be present today as well. In fact, it is now commonly being realized that in the last forty years there has been no significant progress in the fundamental theoretical physics. A reason certainly lies in certain stumbling blocks on our way towards the unification of interaction and of gravity with quantum mechanics. The author discusses what he perceives as some persisting misconceptions that have not yet been recognized as such by physics community in general.
Download or read book The Lightness of Being written by Frank Wilczek and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nobel-prize winning physicist takes on the essential question: what are we made of? Our understanding of nature's deepest reality has changed radically, but almost without our noticing, over the past twenty-five years. Transcending the clash of older ideas about matter and space, acclaimed physicist Frank Wilczek explains a remarkable new discovery: matter is built from almost weightless units, and pure energy is the ultimate source of mass. He calls it "The Lightness of Being." Space is no mere container, empty and passive. It is a dynamic Grid-a modern ether- and its spontaneous activity creates and destroys particles. This new understanding of mass explains the puzzling feebleness of gravity, and a gorgeous unification of all the forces comes sharply into focus.The Lightness of Being is the first book to explore the implications of these revolutionary ideas about mass, energy, and the nature of "empty space." In it, Wilczek masterfully presents new perspectives on our incredible universe and envisions a new golden age of fundamental physics.
Download or read book The Ideas of Particle Physics written by G. D. Coughlan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-11-07 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of a book that has already been well received as a clear and readable introduction to particle physics. It bridges the gap between traditional textbooks on the subject and the popular accounts which assume little or no background in the physical sciences on the part of the reader. The first edition has been carefully revised throughout to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of this fascinating subject. There are also four completely new chapters covering quantum gravity, super-unification, the relationship between particle physics and cosmology, and superstrings. Historical developments are discussed, together with the most important recent experiments, and the theoretical development of the subject is traced from its foundations in relativity and quantum mechanics through to the very latest theories. The book is intended for anyone with a background in the physical sciences who wishes to learn about particle physics. It will also be of value to students of physics wishing to gain an introductory overview of the subject before getting down to the details of the formalism.
Download or read book Elementary Particles written by Harald Fritzsch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly readable book uncovers the mysteries of the physics of elementary particles for a broad audience. From the familiar notions of atoms and molecules to the complex ideas of the grand unification of all the basic forces, this book allows the interested lay public to appreciate the fascinating building blocks of matter that make up our universe.Beginning with a description of the quantum nature of atoms and particles, readers are introduced to the elementary constituents of atomic nuclei: quarks. The book goes on to consider all of the important ideas in particle physics: quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions, the gauge theories of the weak and electromagnetic interactions, as well as the problem of mass generation. To conclude the book, the ideas of grand unification are described, and finally, some applications to astrophysics are discussed.Your guide to this exciting world is an author who, together with the originator of the idea of quarks, Murray Gell-Mann, has played an important role in the development of the theory of quantum chromodynamics and the concept of grand unification.
