Download or read book Partially Coherent Diffractive Imaging written by Lachlan Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PARTIALLY COHERENT IMAGING AND INTERFEROMETRY BASED ON DIFFRACTION GRATINGS written by GARY JON SWANSON and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, applications and experimental results are presented which show the unique advantages of using the extended grating interferometer for various optical processes.
Download or read book Coherent X Ray Optics written by David Paganin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a thorough treatment of the rapidly-expanding field of coherent x-ray optics, which has recently experienced something of a renaissance with the availability of third-generation synchrotron sources. It is the first book of its kind. The author begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of x-ray diffraction for both coherent and partially coherent radiation, together with the interactions of x-rays with matter. X-ray sources, optics elements and detectors are then discussed, with an emphasis on their role in coherent x-ray optics. Various facets of coherent x-ray imaging are then discussed, including holography, interferometry, self imaging, phase contrast and phase retrieval. Lastly, the foundations of the new field of singular x-ray optics are examined. Most topics are developed from first principles, with numerous references given to the contemporary research literature. This book will be useful to x-ray physicists and students, together with optical physicists and engineers who wish to learn more about the fascinating subject of coherent x-ray optics.
Download or read book Coherent X ray diffractive imaging on the single cell level of microbial samples written by Robin Niklas Wilke and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its first experimental demonstration in 1999, Coherent X-Ray Diffractive Imaging has become one of the most promising high resolution X-Ray imaging techniques using coherent radiation produced by brilliant synchrotron storage rings. The ability to directly invert diffraction data with the help of advanced algorithms has paved the way for microscopic investigations and wave-field analyses on the spatial scale of nanometres without the need for inefficient imaging lenses. X-Ray phase contrast which is a measure of the electron density is an important contrast mode of soft biological specimens. For the case of many dominant elements of soft biological matter, the electron density can be converted into an effective mass density offering a unique quantitative information channel which may shed light on important questions such as DNA compaction in the bacterial nucleoid through ‚weighing with light‘. In this work X-Ray phase contrast maps have been obtained from different biological samples by exploring different methods. In particular, the techniques Ptychography and Waveguide-Holographic-Imaging have been used to obtain twodimensional and three-dimensional mass density maps on the single-cell-level of freeze-dried cells of the bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis allowing, for instance, to estimate the dry weight of the bacterial genome in a near native state. On top of this, reciprocal space information from coherent small angle X-Ray scattering (cellular Nano-Diffraction) of the fine structure of the bacterial cells has been recorded in a synergistic manner and has been analysed down to a resolution of about 2.3/nm exceeding current limits of direct imaging approaches. Furthermore, the dynamic range of present detector technology being one of the major limiting factors of ptychographic phasing of farfield diffraction data has been significantly increased. Overcoming this problem for the case of the very intense X-Ray beam produced by Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors has been explored by using semi-transparent central stops.
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Partially Coherent Diffraction by a Circular Aperture written by Robert A. Shore and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffraction patterns of a circular aperture illuminated by partially coherent light can be calculated for a variety of correlation functions and radially varying intensities. The calculation is facilitated by using a theorem, based on the Wolf formulation of coherent theory, that relates the Fraunhofer intensity of a quasimonochromatic spatially stationary source to the Fourier transform of the product of the source autocorrelation function and the normalized source mutual intensity. Curves are presented for the case of a circular aperture with uniform intensity and exponential correlation. (Author).
Download or read book Theory of Partial Coherence written by Mark J. Beran and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Studies of Partially Coherent Diffraction and the Ergodic Hypothesis written by George O. REYNOLDS and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffraction by apertures illuminated by partially coherent light, diffraction by apertures containing random phase disturbances, experimental demonstration of the ergodic hypothesis, and the concept of cross spectral purity are considered. In diffraction experiments using partially coherent illumination, it is observed that as the ratio of aperture size to coherence interval increases (i.e., the illumination becomes less coherent) the sharp minima present in the diffraction pattern disappear and a shifting of the minima occurs. The results are compared with existing theories, and the agreement is excellent. It is experimentally shown that random phase disturbances placed in the diffracting aperture distort an individual diffraction pattern. In the corresponding ensemble-averaged experiment, the distortion is reduced and the diffraction pattern is more readily identified. A dynamical model of lycopodium particles suspended in water demonstrated the equivalence of time and ensemble averaging (ergodic hypothesis). The ensemble-averaged results agree quantitatively with theoretical calculations. In investigating the concept of cross spectral purity (J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51:1342 (1961)), it is shown that quasi monochromaticity is synonymous with spectral purity and that spectral impurity is synonymous with polychromaticity. (Author).
Download or read book Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging written by Douglas B. Murphy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-06-18 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, advances in science and technology have profoundly changed the face of light microscopy. Research scientists need to learn new skills in order to use a modern research microscope-skills such as how to align microscope optics and perform image processing. Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging explores the basics of microscope design and use. The comprehensive material discusses the optical principles involved in diffraction and image formation in the light microscope, the basic modes of light microscopy, the components of modern electronic imaging systems, and the image processing operations necessary to acquire and prepare an image. Written in a practical, accessible style, Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging reviews such topics as: * Illuminators, filters, and isolation of specific wavelengths * Phase contrast and differential interference contrast * Properties of polarized light and polarization microscopy * Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy * Digital CCD microscopy and image processing Each chapter includes practical demonstrations and exercises along with a discussion of the relevant material. In addition, a thorough glossary assists with complex terminology and an appendix contains lists of materials, procedures for specimen preparation, and answers to questions. An essential resource for both, experienced and novice microscopists.
Download or read book Evaluation of Partial Coherence Correction in X ray Ptychography written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (CDI) and X-ray ptychography both heavily rely on the high degree of spatial coherence of the X-ray illumination for sufficient experimental data quality for reconstruction convergence. Nevertheless, the majority of the available synchrotron undulator sources have a limited degree of partial coherence, leading to reduced data quality and a lower speckle contrast in the coherent diffraction patterns. It is still an open question whether experimentalists should compromise the coherence properties of an X-ray source in exchange for a higher flux density at a sample, especially when some materials of scientific interest are relatively weak scatterers. A previous study has suggested that in CDI, the best strategy for the study of strong phase objects is to maintain a high degree of coherence of the illuminating X-rays because of the broadening of solution space resulting from the strong phase structures. In this article, we demonstrate the first systematic analysis of the effectiveness of partial coherence correction in ptychography as a function of the coherence properties, degree of complexity of illumination (degree of phase diversity of the probe) and sample phase complexity. We have also performed analysis of how well ptychographic algorithms refine X-ray probe and complex coherence functions when those variables are unknown at the start of reconstructions, for noise-free simulated data, in the case of both real-valued and highly-complex objects.
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endlich ein Fachbuch mit detaillierten Informationen zu einer der fortschrittlichsten Methoden zur Materialcharakterisierung. Ein herausragendes Team aus Herausgebern und Autoren von renommierten Einrichtungen und Institutionen beschäftigt sich mit Synchrotron-Verfahren, die sich in der Materialforschung bewährt haben. Nach einer Einführung in die Synchrotronstrahlung und ihrer Quellen werden die verschiedenen Techniken beschrieben, die von diesem besonders hellen Licht profitieren, u. a. Röntgenabsorption, Diffraktion, Streuung, Bildgebung und Lithographie. Zum Schluss folgt ein Überblick über die Anwendungen der Synchrotronstrahlung in den Materialwissenschaften. Dieses einzigartige, unabdingbare Referenzwerk für akademische Forscher und Forscher aus der Industrie verbindet Spezialisten aus der Synchrotronforschung und Materialwissenschaftler.
Download or read book The Use of Non uniform Sources in Partially Coherent Imaging written by Chen-Yau Tang and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coherent Diffractive Imaging Using Table top Sources written by Michal Odstrčil and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Phase Contrast Imaging Using Fully and Partially Coherent Wavefields written by Mario Alejandro Beltran Toro and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray phase contrast imaging enables the visualization of an object's features that otherwise would be impossible to obtain with conventional absorption based X-ray imaging. The first part of this thesis focuses specifically on propagation-based phase contrast imaging (PBI). It has a particular emphasis on the quantitative image reconstruction under the assumption that the source of illumination is fully coherent. It presents the existing methods of extracting quantitative information as well as original ones developed in this thesis. The second part of this thesis takes a purely theoretical route, which focuses on studying the forward problem of aberrated optical systems under partially coherent illumination. This thesis begins with a general overview and review of the relevant literature including the theory of coherent X-ray wavefield diffraction, partial coherence, phase-contrast X-ray imaging, and phase-contrast tomography. Particular emphasis is given to PBI. We then move to the original work that involved developing a method to carry out quantitative PBI based tomography on multi-material samples using only a single view per tomographic projection. The samples considered here are those for which (i) the complex refractive index of each component of the sample is known, and (ii) the component materials are spatially quantized. The method was applied to tomographic data obtained at the SPring-8 synchrotron facility in Japan. The sample used was a multi-material test phantom. The refractive index distribution of the test phantom was recovered in three dimensions with a single phase contrast image per projection. The method was applied successfully and was very stable under the presence of noise, opening the possibility of significant dose reduction incurred by samples. The next step in this work sees the application of the aforementioned method to complex biological organs. The chosen organs were the thorax of a rabbit pup and an excised rat brain. Experimental data were also acquired at the SPring-8 synchrotron facility in Japan. Tomographic slices containing the refractive index distribution for each organ were reconstructed using a single phase contrast image per projection. Signal-to-noise ratios for each reconstructions showed significant improvements of up 200 fold compared to absorption contrast reconstructions of the same slices. Finally, this thesis treats the problem of arbitrary aberrations in linear shift-invariant optical systems. This involves mathematically establishing a series of expressions considering arbitrary forms of phase contrast modalities as well as taking into account partially coherent illumination. Expressions are presented for the output cross spectral density under the space-frequency formulation of statistically stationary partially coherent fields. This could broaden the applicability of phase contrast to sources of lower quality.
Download or read book Investigations Relating to Optical Imaging in Partially Coherent Light written by Eric C. Kintner and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Optics Vol 1 written by Sergey Yurish and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018-04-22 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vol.1 devoted to various topics of optics and optic instrumentation, and contains 17 chapters written by 36 experts in the field from 15 countries: Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, Slovenia, South Korea, UK, Ukraine and USA. 'Advances in Optics: Reviews' Book Series is a comprehensive study of the field of optics, which provides readers with the most up-to-date coverage of optics, photonics and lasers with a good balance of practical and theoretical aspects. Directed towards both physicists and engineers this Book Series is also suitable for audiences focusing on applications of optics. A clear comprehensive presentation makes these books work well as both a teaching resources and a reference books. The book is intended for researchers and scientists in physics and optics, in academia and industry, as well as postgraduate students.
Download or read book Partially Coherent Imaging with a Multiaperture Optical System written by James P. Mills and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical analysis has been performed on the use of a six-element multi-aperture optical system for imaging of an incoherent object by sampling the degree of partial coherence of the optical field arriving at the multi-aperture system from the incoherent object. Keywords include: Partial Coherence, Multi-aperture, and Imaging.
