Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2019 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2019 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, to creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis, 3D printing and the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Examination. Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Examination The content of Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2019 covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User examination. Special reference guides show students where the performance tasks are covered in the book. If you are teaching an introductory level Autodesk Inventor course and you want to prepare your students for the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Examination this is the only book that you need. If your students are not interested in the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Exam they will still be studying the most important tools and techniques of Autodesk Inventor as identified by Autodesk.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2020 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2019-06 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2020 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, to creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis, 3D printing and the Autodesk Inventor 2020 Certified User Examination. Autodesk Inventor 2020 Certified User Examination The content of Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2020 covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the Autodesk Inventor 2020 Certified User examination. Special reference guides show students where the performance tasks are covered in the book.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2021 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2020-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2021 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, to creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis, 3D printing and the Autodesk Inventor 2021 Certified User Examination. Video Training Included with every new copy of this book is access to extensive video training. The video training parallels the exercises found in the text and are designed to be watched first before following the instructions in the book. However, the videos do more than just provide you with click by click instructions. Author Luke Jumper also includes a brief discussion of each tool, as well as rich insight into why and how the tools are used. Luke isn’t just telling you what to do, he’s showing and explaining to you how to go through the exercises while providing clear descriptions of the entire process. It’s like having him there guiding you through the book. These videos will provide you with a wealth of information and brings the text to life. They are also an invaluable resource for people who learn best through a visual experience. These videos deliver a comprehensive overview of the tools found in Autodesk Inventor and perfectly complement and reinforce the exercises in the book. Autodesk Inventor 2021 Certified User Examination The content of Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2021 covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the Autodesk Inventor 2021 Certified User examination. Special reference guides show students where the performance tasks are covered in the book.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2013 written by Randy H. Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2013 contains a series of sixteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the import parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis and the Autodesk Inventor 2013 Certified Associate Examination.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2016 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2016 contains a series of sixteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis and the Autodesk Inventor 2016 Certified User Examination.

Download or read book Autodesk Inventor 2019 and Engineering Graphics written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autodesk Inventor 2019 and Engineering Graphics: An Integrated Approach will teach you the principles of engineering graphics while instructing you on how to use the powerful 3D modeling capabilities of Autodesk Inventor 2019. Using step-by-step tutorials, this text will teach you how to create and read engineering drawings while becoming proficient at using the most common features of Autodesk Inventor. By the end of the book you will be fully prepared to take and pass the Autodesk Inventor Certified User Exam. This text is intended to be used as a training guide for students and professionals. The chapters in this text proceed in a pedagogical fashion to guide you from constructing basic shapes to making complete sets of engineering drawings. This text takes a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important concepts of Engineering Graphics, as well as in-depth discussions of parametric feature-based CAD techniques. This textbook contains a series of fifteen chapters, with detailed step-by-step tutorial style lessons, designed to introduce beginning CAD users to the graphic language used in all branches of technical industry. This book does not attempt to cover all of Autodesk Inventor 2019’s features, only to provide an introduction to the software. It is intended to help you establish a good basis for exploring and growing in the exciting field of Computer Aided Engineering. Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Examination The content of this book covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User examination. Special reference guides show students where the performance tasks are covered in the book. If you are teaching an introductory level Autodesk Inventor course and you want to prepare your students for the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Examination this is the only book that you need. If your students are not interested in the Autodesk Inventor 2019 Certified User Exam they will still be studying the most important tools and techniques of Autodesk Inventor as identified by Autodesk.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2022 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2022 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, to creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis, 3D printing and the Autodesk Inventor 2022 Certified User Examination. Video Training Included with every new copy of this book is access to extensive video training. There are forty-seven videos that total nearly six hours of training in total. This video training parallels the exercises found in the text. However, the videos do more than just provide you with click by click instructions. Author Luke Jumper also includes a brief discussion of each tool, as well as rich insight into why and how the tools are used. Luke isn’t just telling you what to do, he’s showing and explaining to you how to go through the exercises while providing clear descriptions of the entire process. It’s like having him there guiding you through the book. These videos will provide you with a wealth of information and brings the text to life. They are also an invaluable resource for people who learn best through a visual experience. These videos deliver a comprehensive overview of the tools found in Autodesk Inventor and perfectly complement and reinforce the exercises in the book.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Fusion 360 Spring 2019 Edition written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Fusion 360 contains a series of thirteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Fusion 360, solid modeling and parametric modeling techniques and concepts. This book introduces Autodesk Fusion 360 on a step-by-step basis, starting with constructing basic shapes, all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and 3D printing your own designs. This book takes a hands on, exercise intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. Each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. The lessons guide you from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent solid models, assemblies and creating multi-view drawings. This book also introduces you to the general principles of 3D printing including a brief history of 3D printing, the types of 3D printing technologies, commonly used filaments, and the basic procedure for printing a 3D model. 3D printing makes it easier than ever for anyone to start turning their designs into physical objects, and by the end of this book you will be ready to start printing out your own designs. Spring 2019 Edition Autodesk Fusion 360 is an entirely cloud based CAD, CAM, and CAE platform that is constantly evolving. This edition of Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Fusion 360 was written using Autodesk Fusion 360 in March of 2019. Fusion 360 is a stable product and all the major tools and features of Fusion 360 used in this edition should continue to operate the same way for the foreseeable future. SDC Publications is committed to updating this book on a regular interval to incorporate new features and changes made to the software. Should a major change to Autodesk Fusion 360 require a newer edition be made available sooner, we will publish a new edition as soon as possible. Older editions will stop being available once newer editions are released.

Download or read book Learning Autodesk Inventor 2019 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will teach you everything you need to know to start using Autodesk Inventor 2019 with easy to understand, step-by-step tutorials. This book features a simple robot design used as a project throughout the book. You will learn to model parts, create assemblies, run simulations and even create animations of your robot design. An unassembled version of the same robot used throughout the book can be bundled with the book. No previous experience with Computer Aided Design(CAD) is needed since this book starts at an introductory level. The author begins by getting you familiar with the Inventor interface and its basic tools. You will start by learning to model simple robot parts and before long you will graduate to creating more complex parts and multi-view drawings. Along the way you will learn the fundamentals of parametric modeling through the use of geometric constraints and relationships. You will also become familiar with many of Inventor's powerful tools and commands that enable you to easily construct complex features in your models. Also included is coverage of gears, gear trains and spur gear creation using Autodesk Inventor. This book continues by examining the different mechanisms commonly used in walking robots. You will learn the basic types of planar four-bar linkages commonly used in mechanical designs and how to use the GeoGebra Dynamic Geometry software to simulate and analyze 2D linkages. Using the knowledge you gained about linkages and mechanism, you will learn how to modify your robot and change its behavior by modifying or creating new parts. In the final chapter of this book you learn how to combine all the robot parts into assemblies and then run motion analysis. You will finish off your project by creating 3D animations of your robot in action. There are many books that show you how to perform individual tasks with Autodesk Inventor, but this book takes you through an entire project and shows you the complete engineering process. By the end of this book you will have modeled and assembled nearly all the parts that make up the TAMIYA® Mechanical Tiger and can start building your own robot.

Download or read book Autodesk Inventor 2020 and Engineering Graphics written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2019-07 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autodesk Inventor 2020 and Engineering Graphics: An Integrated Approach will teach you the principles of engineering graphics while instructing you on how to use the powerful 3D modeling capabilities of Autodesk Inventor 2020. Using step-by-step tutorials, this text will teach you how to create and read engineering drawings while becoming proficient at using the most common features of Autodesk Inventor. By the end of the book you will be fully prepared to take and pass the Autodesk Inventor Certified User Exam. This text is intended to be used as a training guide for students and professionals. The chapters in this text proceed in a pedagogical fashion to guide you from constructing basic shapes to making complete sets of engineering drawings. This text takes a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important concepts of Engineering Graphics, as well as in-depth discussions of parametric feature-based CAD techniques. This textbook contains a series of fifteen chapters, with detailed step-by-step tutorial style lessons, designed to introduce beginning CAD users to the graphic language used in all branches of technical industry. This book does not attempt to cover all of Autodesk Inventor 2020’s features, only to provide an introduction to the software. It is intended to help you establish a good basis for exploring and growing in the exciting field of Computer Aided Engineering. Autodesk Inventor 2020 Certified User Examination The content of this book covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the Autodesk Inventor 2020 Certified User examination. Special reference guides show students where the performance tasks are covered in the book.

Download or read book Learning Autodesk Inventor 2022 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will teach you everything you need to know to start using Autodesk Inventor 2022 with easy to understand, step-by-step tutorials. This book features a simple robot design used as a project throughout the book. You will learn to model parts, create assemblies, run simulations and even create animations of your robot design. An unassembled version of the same robot used throughout the book can be bundled with the book. No previous experience with Computer Aided Design(CAD) is needed since this book starts at an introductory level. The author begins by getting you familiar with the Inventor interface and its basic tools. You will start by learning to model simple robot parts and before long you will graduate to creating more complex parts and multi-view drawings. Along the way you will learn the fundamentals of parametric modeling through the use of geometric constraints and relationships. You will also become familiar with many of Inventor's powerful tools and commands that enable you to easily construct complex features in your models. Also included is coverage of gears, gear trains and spur gear creation using Autodesk Inventor. This book continues by examining the different mechanisms commonly used in walking robots. You will learn the basic types of planar four-bar linkages commonly used in mechanical designs and how to use the GeoGebra Dynamic Geometry software to simulate and analyze 2D linkages. Using the knowledge you gained about linkages and mechanism, you will learn how to modify your robot and change its behavior by modifying or creating new parts. In the final chapter of this book you learn how to combine all the robot parts into assemblies and then run motion analysis. You will finish off your project by creating 3D animations of your robot in action. There are many books that show you how to perform individual tasks with Autodesk Inventor, but this book takes you through an entire project and shows you the complete engineering process. By the end of this book you will have modeled and assembled nearly all the parts that make up the TAMIYA® Mechanical Tiger and can start building your own robot.

Download or read book Autodesk Inventor 2020 Essentials Plus written by Daniel Banach and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autodesk Inventor 2020 Essentials Plus provides the foundation for a hands-on course that covers basic and advanced Autodesk Inventor features used to create, edit, document, and print parts and assemblies. You learn about part and assembly modeling through real-world exercises. Autodesk Inventor 2020 Essentials Plus demonstrates critical CAD concepts, from basic sketching and modeling through advanced modeling techniques, as it equips you with the skills to master this powerful professional tool. The book walks you through every component of the software, including the user interface, toolbars, dialogue boxes, sketch tools, drawing views, assembly modeling, and more. Its unique modular organization puts key information at your fingertips, while step-by-step tutorials make it an ideal resource for self-learning. Packed with vivid illustrations and practical exercises that emphasize modern-day applications, Autodesk Inventor 2020 Essentials Plus will prepare you for work in the real world. Each chapter is organized into four sections. Objectives, which describe the content and learning objectives; topic coverage, which presents a concise review of the topic; exercises, which present the workflow for a specific command or process through illustrated step-by-step instructions; and finally a checking your skills section, which tests your understanding of the material. Who Should Use this Manual? This manual is designed to be used in instructor-led courses, although you may also find it helpful as a self-paced learning tool. It is recommended that you have a working knowledge of Microsoft® Windows® as well as a working knowledge of mechanical design principles.

Download or read book Autodesk Inventor 2015 A Tutorial Introduction written by L. Scott Hansen and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text presents a thorough introduction to Autodesk Inventor for anyone with little or no prior experience with CAD software. It can be used in virtually any setting from four year engineering schools to on-the-job use or self-study. Unlike other books of its kind, it begins at a very basic level and ends at a very advanced level. It’s perfect for anyone interested in learning Autodesk Inventor quickly and effectively using a “learning by doing” approach. The philosophy behind this book is that learning computer aided design programs is best accomplished by emphasizing the application of the tools. Students also seem to learn more quickly and retain information and skills better if they are actually creating something with the software program. The driving force behind this book is “learning by doing.” The instructional format of this book centers on making sure that students learn by doing and that students can learn from this book on their own. In fact, this is one thing that differentiates this book from others: the emphasis on being able to use the book for self-study. The presentation of Autodesk Inventor is structured so that no previous knowledge of any CAD program is required. This book uses the philosophy that Inventor is mastered best by concentrating on applying the program to create different types of solid models, starting simply and then using the power of the program to progressively create more complex solid models. The Drawing Activities at the end of each chapter are more complex iterations of the part developed by each chapter’s objectives. CAD programs are highly visual, there are graphical illustrations showing how to use the program. This reinforces the “learn by doing” philosophy since a student can see exactly what the program shows, and then step through progressive commands to implement the required operations. Rather than using a verbal description of the command, a screen capture of each command is replicated.

Download or read book Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2010 written by Curtis Waguespack and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete tutorial for the real-world application of Autodesk Inventor, plus video instruction on DVD Used to design everything from airplanes to appliances, Autodesk Inventor is the industry-leading 3D mechanical design software. This detailed tutorial and reference covers practical applications to help you solve design problems in your own work environment, allowing you to do more with less. It also addresses topics that are often omitted from other guides, such as Inventor Professional modules, design tactics for large assemblies, using 2D and 3D data from other CAD systems, and a detailed overview of the Inventor utility tools such as Design Assistant and Task Scheduler that you didn't even know you had. Teaches the most popular 3D mechanical design software in the context of real-world workflows and work environments Provides an overview of the Inventor 2010 ribbon Interface, Inventor design concepts, and advanced information on productivity-boosting and visualization tools Offers crucial information on data exchange, including SolidWorks, Catia, Pro-E, and others. Shares details on documentation, including exploded presentation files, simple animations, rendered animations and stills with Inventor Studio, and sheet metal flat patterns Covers Inventor, Inventor Professional, and Inventor LT Includes a DVD with before-and-after tutorial files, a searchable PDF of the book, innovative video tutorials for each chapter, and more Mastering Autodesk Inventor teaches you to get the most from the software and provides a reference to help you on the job, allowing you to utilize the tools you didn't even know you had to quickly achieve professional results. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Siemens NX Spring 2019 Edition written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2019-05 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of Parametric Modeling with Siemens NX is to introduce the aspects of designing with Solid Modeling and Parametric Modeling. This text is intended to be used as a practical training guide for students and professionals. This text uses Siemens NX as the modeling tool, and the chapters proceed in a pedagogical fashion to guide you from constructing basic solid models to building intelligent mechanical designs, creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. This text takes a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important Parametric Modeling techniques and concepts. This textbook contains a series of fifteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce beginning CAD users to NX. This text is also helpful to NX users upgrading from a previous release of the software. The solid modeling techniques and concepts discussed in this text are also applicable to other parametric feature-based CAD packages. The basic premise of this book is that the more designs you create using NX, the better you learn the software. With this in mind, each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. This book does not attempt to cover all of NX’s features, only to provide an introduction to the software. It is intended to help you establish a good basis for exploring and growing in the exciting field of Computer Aided Engineering. This book also introduces you to the general principles of 3D printing including a brief history of 3D printing, the types of 3D printing technologies, commonly used filaments, and the basic procedure for printing a 3D model. 3D printing makes it easier than ever for anyone to start turning their designs into physical objects, and by the end of this book you will be ready to start printing out your own designs.

Download or read book Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2024 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Designed specifically for beginners with no prior CAD experience • Uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive, tutorial style approach • Comes with extensive video instruction • Covers parametric modeling, 3D Modeling, 3D printing, and the Autodesk Inventor Certified User Exam • Contains a chapter introducing you to stress analysis Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2024 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce Autodesk Inventor, solid modeling, and parametric modeling. It uses a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent mechanical designs, to creating multi-view drawings and assembly models. Other featured topics include sheet metal design, motion analysis, 2D design reuse, collision and contact, stress analysis, 3D printing and the Autodesk Inventor 2024 Certified User Examination. Video Training Included with every new copy of this book is access to extensive video training. There are forty-seven videos that total nearly six hours of training in total. This video training parallels the exercises found in the text. However, the videos do more than just provide you with click by click instructions. Author Luke Jumper also includes a brief discussion of each tool, as well as rich insight into why and how the tools are used. Luke isn’t just telling you what to do, he’s showing and explaining to you how to go through the exercises while providing clear descriptions of the entire process. It’s like having him there guiding you through the book. These videos will provide you with a wealth of information and brings the text to life. They are also an invaluable resource for people who learn best through a visual experience. These videos deliver a comprehensive overview of the tools found in Autodesk Inventor and perfectly complement and reinforce the exercises in the book.

Download or read book Autodesk Inventor 2018 A Tutorial Introduction written by L. Scott Hansen and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text and video set presents a thorough introduction to Autodesk Inventor for anyone with little or no prior experience with CAD software. It can be used in virtually any setting from four year engineering schools to on-the-job use or self-study. Unlike other books of its kind, it begins at a very basic level and ends at a very advanced level. It’s perfect for anyone interested in learning Autodesk Inventor quickly and effectively using a “learning by doing” approach. Additionally, the extensive videos that are included with this book make it easier than ever to learn Inventor by clearly demonstrating how to use its tools. The philosophy behind this book is that learning computer aided design programs is best accomplished by emphasizing the application of the tools. Students also seem to learn more quickly and retain information and skills better if they are actually creating something with the software program. The driving force behind this book is “learning by doing.” The instructional format of this book centers on making sure that students learn by doing and that students can learn from this book on their own. In fact, this is one thing that differentiates this book from others: the emphasis on being able to use the book for self-study. The presentation of Autodesk Inventor is structured so that no previous knowledge of any CAD program is required. This book uses the philosophy that Inventor is mastered best by concentrating on applying the program to create different types of solid models, starting simply and then using the power of the program to progressively create more complex solid models. The Drawing Activities at the end of each chapter are more complex iterations of the part developed by each chapter’s objectives. CAD programs are highly visual, there are graphical illustrations showing how to use the program. This reinforces the “learn by doing” philosophy since a student can see exactly what the program shows, and then step through progressive commands to implement the required operations. Rather than using a verbal description of the command, a screen capture of each command is replicated.