Download or read book Pakistan s Kashmir Policy and Strategy Since 1947 written by Matthew P. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis analyzes Pakistan's Kashmir policy and strategy since 1947. Pakistan has sought to obtain the accession of Kashmir for over fifty years. This policy has its origins in Pakistan's struggle for a separate state for South Asia's Muslims, its belief that India never accepted Pakistan's existence, and Pakistan's domestic cleavages and institutional weaknesses. Because these beliefs and characteristics remain today, Pakistan is unlikely to drop its claim to Kashmir. Pakistan's strategy to achieve its objectives has included diplomacy, war, and proxy war. This thesis explores how internal and external variables have impacted Pakistan's methods and what this means for the current effort to end the proxy war in Kashmir. Although Pakistan is unlikely to abandon its claims to Kashmir, an analysis of Pakistan's shift from diplomacy to war in 1965 and from diplomacy to proxy war in 1990 demonstrates that Pakistan's strategy responds to external constraints and opportunities. The United States may not be able to end the dispute over Kashmir by pressuring Pakistan to drop its claims, but Washington retains sufficient influence to persuade Pakistan to use a peaceful strategy to pursue its claims to Kashmir.

Download or read book Tribal Invasion and Kashmir written by Shabir Choudhry and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tribal Invasion was a contentious and significant action, because of its serious consequences; and because it clearly violated the Standstill Agreement concluded between Pakistan and the Ruler of Jammu and Kashmir. Furthermore, it resulted in death and destruction of thousands of innocent people; and it forced the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to seek help from India, which was only made available after the 'provisional accession' to India. Apart from that it divided our motherland resulting in enormous problems for thousands of families on both sides of the divide. It should also be remembered that the Tribal Invasion, apart from other problems also resulted in the first India and Pakistan war, bringing its own problems, animosity and divisions. Both governments since 1947 have spent billions of dollars on arms and have had three wars over control of Jammu and Kashmir. Both governments have enormous problems related to poverty, education and welfare; but because of the competition to control Jammu and Kashmir, they continue to divert money for military preparedness and continue to develop more and more lethal weapons.

Download or read book From Jinnah to Jihad written by Arvin Bahl and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former American President Bill Clinton Referred To Kashmir As The Most Dangerous Place On Earth. In 1999 Nuclear-Armed Powers India And Pakistan Fought A War Over Kashmir, And Again In 2002 They Came Close To Another. The Kashmir Dispute Represents One Of The World S Oldest And Most Intractable Conflicts, Having Befuddled Policymakers Since The Partition Of The Subcontinent In 1947. Author Arvin Bahl Attempts To Analyze This Conflict In The Context Of International Relations Theory, Drawing On A Variety Of Sources, Including Interviews With Leading Figures Of The Indian And Pakistani Establishments.Bahl Argues That The Question Of The Kashmir Dispute Is Really The Question Of Why The Liberation Of The Kashmir Valley From Indian Rule Has Been A Foremost Pakistani National Interest Since The Partition. Realism, The Dominant Theory Of International Relations, Argues That Regardless Of Era, Region, Ideology Or Domestic Politics, States Will Behave In The Same Ways When Faced With Similar Situations In The International System, Namely They Will Try To Maximize The State S Interests. Yet, Pakistan S Quest For Control Of The Kashmir Valley Represents A Case In Which A Country S Foreign Policy Cannot Be Explained By Realism, And Realism S Main Assumption Of The State As A Rational Actor Appears To Be Violated. The Kashmir Valley Has Little Strategic Importance To Pakistan, Pakistan Has Almost No Chance Of Obtaining It Against A Much Stronger Power That Dismembered It In A Previous War And Its Economy Is Being Destroyed By Military Confrontation With India, Which Also Threatens Its Security.This Study Attempts To Explain The Puzzle Of Pakistan S Seemingly Irrational Policy Behavior On Kashmir By Developing A Framework Combining Liberal And Constructivist Approaches. Constructivists Emphasize The Importance Of Ideas, Ideologies And Identities When Observing How States Behave. The Ideology That Pakistan Was Founded On, The Two-Nation Theory, Makes Ending Indian Rule Over The Kashmir Valley Of Utmost National Interest. For Pakistan To Concede That A Muslim Majority Region That Is Contiguous With It Can Be A Part Of India Would Be For Pakistan To Accept That There Was No Need For The Partition Of The Subcontinent Along Religious Lines And The Creation Of Pakistan In The First Place.Liberals Focus On Understanding Domestic Politics In Order To Understand A Country S Actions In The International System. The Pakistani Military, The Country S Most Powerful Institution Since Its Formation, Has Used The Conflict With India To Bring About And Legitimize Its Dominance Of The Country.South Asia Gained Prominence In American Foreign Policy After The 9/11 Attacks And The Standoff That Ensued Between India And Pakistan In Early 2002. Thus, This Study Concludes With Policy Recommendations, Primarily To American Policymakers, For Dealing With Pakistan And Kashmir Based On The Analysis Developed In The Preceding Chapters.This Book, We Hope, Is An Eye-Opener For All General Readers. It Will Be Found Immensely Useful And Informative By Students, Researchers And Teachers Of History, Political Science, International Relations And South Asian Studies.

Download or read book Kashmir Dispute written by Dr Shabir Choudhry and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kashmir dispute has to be seen as human issue, and not as a territorial gain, or a strategic advantage. Like anyone else, I have no solution to this dispute that could be acceptable to all concerned, but I know what is not workable and what will not provide much desired peace and stability in the region: and that is division of the State or its accession to any country. Kashmir dispute should not be used to settle score of the past tragedies or past adventures, for example, to avenge problems of 1965, 1971, 1980s, proxy war or Kargil adventure. Also Kashmir should not be used as a battleground for competing political and religious ideologies, as it is happening on both sides of the divide. Jammu and Kashmir is a multi-religious and multi ethnic former Princely State. All citizens of Jammu and Kashmir - Pundits, Sikhs, Buddhists, Shias, Ismahilies, pro Pakistan, pro India and pro- independence, and others must have equal rights; and we must not target any community for their beliefs. We must put the past behind us and make a new start by inviting pundits and others who were uprooted from their homes because of political, communal and armed conflict back in to their homes and compensate their losses. We must build bridges of confidence and make sincere endeavours to eradicate extremism, violence, religious intolerance and hatred. However, if these war mongers and fanatics are not brought under control then my fear is that they will endanger peace, stability and future of the entire region. So time is running out, and those in position to take appropriate action, must act and act soon.

Download or read book War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 1947 48 written by C Dasgupta and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2002-03-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on declassified documents, the book throws new light on the roles played by Mountbatten and the British service chiefs in the Kashmir war of 1947-48 and explains why India took the Kashmir issue to the UN, why it did not carry the war into Pakistan and why it accepted a ceasefire. Examining archival material that has not been looked at previously and attempting an important reassessment of Mountbatten's role, the book highlights the fact that India's first Governor-General was not a mere constitutional figurehead. The book shows that he used -- and abused -- this authority to ensure that the conflict in Kashmir did not escalate into a full-scale inter-dominion war. A study of British policy in Kashmir must begin with an examination of the strategic interests of Britain in the subcontinent. The book explains the diplomatic background to the military developments of the time, tracing the evolution of British policy on Kashmir and its orchestration of the moves of western powers in the Security Council. The book provides details from the British archives about the secret understandings between Commanders-in-Chief of the rival armies to contain the conflict. It reveals, for instance, that India's Commander-in-Chief, General Bucher, had tried as early as March 1948 to negotiate an informal truce with his counterpart in Pakistan, without the knowledge of the Indian government. A revealing study about a controversial incident in India's military history, this is a timely book, especially in the post-Agra Summit period. This book analyses: The Evolution of British policy towards Kashmir The role played by the western powers in the Security council The secret attempt made by General Bucher to negotiate an informal truce with his counterpart in Pakistan How Mountbatten used and abused his authority to ensure that the Kashmir issue did not escalate into a full-scale inter-domain war.

Download or read book The Origins Of War In South Asia written by Sumit Ganguly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In examining the forces that made the Indo-Pakistani relationship prone to conflict, Dr. Ganguly focusses first on the nature of the British colonial disengagement policy, a hasty and ill-conceived procedure that served to exacerbate the ideological differences between India's major political parties, the Congress and the Muslim League. Their competing views–the Congress espoused a secular polity while the League drew its inspiration from Islamic tenets–formed the basis of the two polities that emerged from the collapse of the British Indian empire. Disputes also arose over the uncertain status of Kashmir. With the lapse of the British doctrine of paramountcy (recognition of the British as the sovereign power in India), the so-called princely states had to join either India or Pakistan on the basis of geographic location and demographic composition. Kashmir posed a problem because of its location and because it had a Hindu monarch ruling a Muslim majority population. This peculiar status made it the center of a Pakistani irredentist claim. This claim was rejected by India, iintent upon demonstrating that all minorities could thrive under the aegis of secular government. Once set in motion by the interplay of domestic, regional, and systematic factors, these three forces--disengagement, ideological differences, and the conflict over Kashmir--brought the subcontinent to war in 1947-1948, 1965, and 1971. Dr. Ganguly provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of these three Indo-Pakistani conflicts as well as an assessment of both the impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on the security of South Asia and the changes in the perceptions of that security.

Download or read book Independent Kashmir written by Christopher Snedden and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many disenchanted Kashmiris continue to demand independence or freedom from India. Written by a leading authority on Kashmir’s troubled past, this book revisits the topic of independence for the region (also known as Jammu and Kashmir, or J&K), and explores exactly why this aspiration has never been fulfilled. In a rare India-Pakistan agreement, they concur that neither J&K, nor any part of it, can be independent. Charting a complex history and intense geo-political rivalry from Maharaja Hari Singh’s leadership in the mid-1920s to the present, this book offers an essential insight into the disputes that have shaped the region. As tensions continue to rise following government-imposed COVID-19 lockdowns, Snedden asks a vital question: what might independence look like and just how realistic is this aspiration?

Download or read book The Origins of a Dispute written by Prem Shankar Jha and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kashmir is one of the most intensely disputed regions of the world. Lying between India and Pakistan, it was acceeded to India by the British when they left in 1947; however, with a majority Muslim population, many Kashmiris and Pakistanis felt that it should have become a part of Pakistan. To this day, it continues to be the subject of passionate conflict between the two countries -- in late 2002, as troups aligned on the borders, the prospect of a possible nuclear war was only narrowly avoided.In such a context, a book on the history of Kashmir is not only timely but of great usefulness to anyone who wishes to understand the full and complex background to the ongoing conflict. Prem Jha is a renowned Indian scholar and his new book is a controversial account, based on exhaustive research and recently declassified papers. Jha provides a virtually day-to-day account of the critical times when the fate of Kashmir was decided in the context of Britain's geo-political strategies. Drawing on personal accounts by,the main players in the events of 1947, he examines the contrasting versions of history that have emerged since that time. Offering vital insights into the volatility of politics in the Indian subcontinent, this is an indispensable book for students, teachers, journalists and anyone interested in the history of the region.

Download or read book The Kashmir Conflict written by Rakesh Ankit and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a study of the international dimensions of the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan from before its outbreak in October 1947 until the Tashkent Summit in January 1966. By focusing on Kashmir’s under-researched transnational dimensions, it represents a different approach to this intractable territorial conflict. Concentrating on the global context(s) in which the dispute unfolded, it argues that the dispute’s evolution was determined by international concerns that existed from before and went beyond the Indian subcontinent. Based on new and diverse official and personal papers across four countries, the book foregrounds the Kashmir dispute in a twin setting of Decolonisation and the Cold War, and investigates the international understanding around it within the imperatives of these two processes. In doing so, it traces Kashmir’s journey from being a residual irritant of the British Indian Empire, to becoming a Commonwealth embarrassment and its eventual metamorphosis into a security concern in the Cold War climate(s). A princely state of exceptional geo-strategic location, complex religious composition and unique significance in the context of Indian and Pakistani notions of nation and statehood, Kashmir also complicated their relations with Britain, the United States, Soviet Union, China, the Commonwealth countries and the Afro-Arab-Asian world. This book is of interest to scholars in the field of Asian History, Cold War History, Decolonisation and South Asian Studies.

Download or read book Jammu and Kashmir War 1947 1948 written by Kuldip Singh Bajwa and published by Har-Anand Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indepth examination of the political and military perspectives of Jammu and Kashmir War (1947-48) throws up many intriguing questions. What was the British role in the Kashmir conflict? Why did the Nehru dominated Indian leadership fail to defen and promote vital national interests? There are many more such questions. Maj Gen Bajwa, makes an honest attempt to find the answers.

Download or read book Conflict Unending written by Šumit Ganguly and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2002-04-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The escalating tensions between India and Pakistan have received renewed attention of late. Since their genesis in 1947, the nations of India and Pakistan have been locked in a seemingly endless spiral of hostility over the disputed territory of Kashmir. Ganguly asserts that the two nations remain mired in conflict due to inherent features of their nationalist agendas. Indian nationalist leadership chose to hold on to this Muslim-majority state to prove that minorities could thrive in a plural, secular polity. Pakistani nationalists argued with equal force that they could not part with Kashmir as part of the homeland created for the Muslims of South Asia. Ganguly authoritatively analyzes why hostility persists even after the dissipation of the pristine ideological visions of the two states and discusses their dual path to overt acquisition of nuclear weapons, as well as the current prospects for war and peace in the region.

Download or read book Political Economy of the Kashmir Conflict written by Wajahat Habibullah and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to develop warmer relations between South Asia¿s two nuclear powers, India and Pakistan, will not succeed unless political violence in Kashmir is reduced. One of the key factors sustaining that violence is the dearth of economic opportunities, which ensures a steady supply of disaffected recruits to terrorists and militant groups. This report sketches the turbulent history of Kashmir from its division in 1947 through the revolt of 1989-90 to 2003, and then explores the economic dimensions of the conflict and the opportunities for peacebuilding. The governments of India and Pakistan, together with political leaders in Kashmir, must take the lead in promoting economic dev¿t., but they require the assistance of internat. financial institutions and of the U.S.

Download or read book The Kashmir Issue written by Nitin Prasad and published by . This book was released on 2017-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since independence in 1947 of India and Pakistan, Kashmir has remained a subject of issue between India and Pakistan. They have fought three wars so far on the dispute and continue to be a source of irritant in their relations. It is also a flash point between the two nuclear powers of South Asia. The relations between Pakistan and India are easy to describe but difficult to explain. The two states of South Asia share historic, cultural, geographic and economic links but their relationship has been filled with hostility and doubt. This is a politico-religious conflict reflecting elements of secession, self rule and greater economic control. Its effects are not only across the border but also global, with its potential to lead to war between two nuclear weapon states. This book is a must read for anyone who wishes to learn about India Pakistan relation in context to Kashmir.

Download or read book India Pakistan Relations with Special Reference to Kashmir written by Kulwant Rai Gupta and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2006 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Editor Maintains That India Had To Agree To Partition Under Compelling Circumstances. After India Got Independence, It Should Have Taken Steps To Undo The Mischief Of Our British Rulers. Things Would Have Been Much Easier Immediately After Partition, Particularly, When Pakistan Provided An Excuse To Us By Sending Its Forces In Kashmir. The Pakistan Army At That Time Was Weak And The Job Could Have Been Done At A Minimum Cost. The Second Opportunity Arose In 1965 When Pakistan Again Attacked Kashmir. The Third Opportunity Came In 1971 When Pakistani Forces Attacked India. But The Operation Now Would Be Much More Costlier In Terms Of Men And War Materials Because The Pakistan Has Built A Strong Army And Developed Nuclear Power Over The Long Period Provided To Them By India S Rulers. But This Cost May Still Be Less Than The Cost We Are Incurring From Continued Hostility And Cross Border Terrorism In The Form Of Continuous Military Deployment And Killings Of Civil And Military Persons.Pakistan Is Constantly Blaming India In All Regional And International Fora For Not Implementing The United Nations Resolution Regarding Holding Of Plebiscite In Jammu And Kashmir. In Fact, Pakistan Is Responsible For This Because It Has Failed To Withdraw Its Forces From Jammu And Kashmir Which Was A Condition For Holding Plebiscite According To The United Nations Resolution.The Editor Holds That India Should Drop No First Use Of Nuclear Weapons Policy Against A Country Which Repeatedly Threatens First Use Of Nuclear Weapons. The First Use Of Nuclear Weapons By Pakistan May Be So Massive And Widespread That It May Disable India To Use The Nuclear Weapon.If India Drops Its No First Use Option Of Nuclear Weapons, Pakistan Would Stop Blackmailing India And May Even Be Deterred Venturing Terrorism In India.The Volumes Include Viewpoints Of A Number Of Eminent Experts On Indo-Pak Relations. These Include Views Not Only Of Indian Experts But Also Of Pakistani Experts. The Volumes Contain Texts Of All The Documents In Original Relating To Indo-Pak Relations Since The Partition Of India In 1947. It Is Hoped That The Volumes Would Be Found Useful By The Students And Research Scholars Concerned With International Relations. The Volumes Would Also Be Useful To The Parliamentarians And Executives Of India And Pakistan Concerned With The Formulation And Execution Of Foreign Policy Of Their Country. Common Readers Interested In Indo-Pak Relations Would Also Find The Volumes Useful And Interesting. The Volumes Would Be Equally Useful For All Libraries, Officers Messes And Institutions Of Defence Services.

Download or read book Kashmir in Conflict written by Victoria Schofield and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 2000-01-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 20 years of insurgency, Kashmir continues to be a major flashpoint and decisive factor in destabilising regional relations. Resolving the dispute over the state of Jammu and Kashmir is crucial to achieving peace and stability, without which the US Af-Pak strategy is unlikely to succeed. With international eyes focused on South Asia, understanding what is at stake in Kashmir has never been more important. For decades, the dispute over the valley of Kashmir, famed for its beauty and tranquility, has determined much of Pakistan's and India's foreign policy. With the state, located between two nuclear-armed nations, and India blaming Pakistani militants for the 2008 terrorist attacks on Mumbai, the potentially wider implications of the conflict are higher than ever on the international agenda.This fully updated edition of Kashmir in Conflict offers a highly readable, carefully documented account of the origins, development and implications of this contentious issue. Beginning with the early history of the independent kingdom of Kashmir, Victoria Schofield traces the origins of the modern state in the nineteenth century, including the controversial 'sale' by the British of predominantly Muslim Kashmir to a Hindu ruler. She examines the implications for the people when in 1947 the Maharaja chose secular, yet majority Hindu, India over Muslim Pakistan and shows why the neighbouring countries continue to argue over the status of Jammu and Kashmir which, according to recommendations... passed by the UN, was to be determined by the will of the people.

Download or read book Changes in India s foreign policy towards Pakistan written by Dr. Nitin Prasad and published by Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, the centre of India’s foreign policy was Pakistan. Love it or hate it. This was the country that the external affairs ministry had to break its head over most of the times. You can’t brush off four wars (1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999), two conflicts (Rann of Kutch and Siachen), militancy in Kashmir that claimed tens of thousands of lives and terrorist attacks all over India. Pakistan and India literally split on an ideological basis, due to the notion of the two-nation theory, and that Muslims cannot live as a minority in Hindu India. Dispute over Kashmir emphasises this divide, and it is still brought up even to this day. India has had to fight 4 wars with Pakistan, and since 1980’s, when Soviets started to get involved in Afghanistan, USA and Pakistan started anti-Soviet terrorism, and Pakistan had the bright idea to use it against India, further worsening relations between the two nations, especially when military coup has meant that the war-hungry military has been in power, and this led to the 1965 war and the Kargil War. The foreign policy of Narendra Modi concerns the policy initiatives made towards other states by the current Modi government after he assumed office as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. The Ministry of External Affairs, headed by External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj (the first woman to hold the office since Indira Gandhi), is responsible for carrying out the foreign policy of India. Although the book has involved considerable empirical research, it is not simply fact-finding enterprise. It is also a prescriptive and analytical study intended to create and influence opinion regarding the essentials of policy-making process that would minimize the chances of non-rationality in Indian Foreign Policy.

Download or read book Solving Kashmir written by Mohan C. Bhandari and published by Lancer Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solving Kashmir is a treatise on the Kashmir imbroglio that gives a deep insight into the myriad facets of the dispute in the State of JandK. It brings into focus the historical perspective, the geo-strategic and geo-political imperatives, as also the interests of the world powers and other regional players especially Pakistan and to an extent China. This vital piece of real estate located in the under belly of the CARS and Russia gives access to Tibet, Afghanistan and Pakistan. JandK is strategically significant to India's existence as a nation. Historically, Kashmir has been an important gateway for marauders entering the country. Losing control of JandK would open up the floodgates again. Kashmir gives India access to the strategically significant countries around JandK. It is our jewel in the crown. The main players in the dispute namely, India and Pakistan have gone to war four times over the issue with Pakistan enduring humiliating defeats, including its partition with the creation of Bangladesh. Having failed in its conventional attempts to wrest Kashmir and still in search of its identity, Pakistan has exercised the low cost/ no cost proxy war option, exploiting the ethnic and religious sentiments of the local Kashmiris, as also drumming up support from religious fundamentalists internationally. The nuclear dimension adding to the tinder box forces the international community of nations to concentrate efforts to bring the two nations to the negotiating table and resolve the problem bilaterally in accordance with the Shimla Agreement, however, with no significant success. How long will India continue to bleed? and "Where do you go from here?" are questions that willcontinue to haunt India for years to come.