Download or read book Ozark Ground Flora Response to Landscape scale Prescribed Fire written by Calvin James III Maginel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As managers increase the use of prescribed fire as a restoration tool in the Missouri Ozarks, monitoring of vegetative response to treatment is critical. A landscape-scale study at Chilton Creek Management Area (CCMA) using prescribed fire to restore vegetative communities was initiated in 1997, with the nearby Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) used as an unburned control for treatment comparison. This study includes broad variation and encompasses a range of site types, providing a unique opportunity to study the effects of repeated controlled burning on vegetative communities at the landscape scale and within individual site types. The information provided by ten common plant community metrics was compared using 2013 data through ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and ordinations, with emphasis placed on the Floristic Quality Index (FQI). Patterns in the correlation of the metrics varied by site type, and the Wetness Index, Coefficient of Conservatism, cover, evenness, and richness were found to be most effective for monitoring prescribed fire effects on plant communities in the Missouri Ozarks. Data from CCMA and MOFEP and were then used to determine effects of 15 years of varied prescribed fire frequency on plant community response. Results from this analysis showed a trend of species replacement, with fire-sensitive species decreasing at a landscape scale with positive plant community response on exposed aspects and no negative effects on all site types studied. In addition, increasing values of the Wetness Index on burned sites suggest xerification of the burned landscape. This study supports continued use of prescribed fire in the Missouri Ozarks for restoration projects at the landscape scale. Practitioners can expect positive short-term results from exposed site types and no quantifiable negative effects in mesic locations that may exhibit a more fire-sensitive vegetative community.

Download or read book Introduction to Prescribed Fire in Southern Ecosystems written by Thomas A. Waldrop and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prescribed burning is an important tool throughout Southern forests, grasslands, and croplands. The need to control fire became evident to allow forests to regenerate. This manual is intended to help resource managers to plan and execute prescribed burns in Southern forests and grasslands. A new appreciation and interest has developed in recent years for using prescribed fire in grasslands, especially hardwood forests, and on steep mountain slopes. Proper planning and execution of prescribed fires are necessary to reduce detrimental effects, such as the impacts on air and downstream water quality. Check out these related products: Trees at Work: Economic Accounting for Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/trees-work-economic-accounting-forest-ecosystem-services-us-south Soil Survey Manual 2017 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/soil-survey-manual-march-2017 Quantifying the Role of the National Forest System Lands in Providing Surface Drinking Water Supply for the Southern United States is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/quantifying-role-national-forest-system-lands-providing-surface-drinking-water-supply Fire Management Today print subscription is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/fire-management-today Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/wildland-fire-ecosystems-fire-and-nonnative-invasive-plants

Download or read book Vegetation Management in the Ozark Ouachita Mountains Appendices written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire Ecology and Management Past Present and Future of US Forested Ecosystems written by Cathryn H. Greenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents original scientific research and knowledge synthesis covering the past, present, and potential future fire ecology of major US forest types, with implications for forest management in a changing climate. The editors and authors highlight broad patterns among ecoregions and forest types, as well as detailed information for individual ecoregions, for fire frequencies and severities, fire effects on tree mortality and regeneration, and levels of fire-dependency by plant and animal communities. The foreword addresses emerging ecological and fire management challenges for forests, in relation to sustainable development goals as highlighted in recent government reports. An introductory chapter highlights patterns of variation in frequencies, severities, scales, and spatial patterns of fire across ecoregions and among forested ecosystems across the US in relation to climate, fuels, topography and soils, ignition sources (lightning or anthropogenic), and vegetation. Separate chapters by respected experts delve into the fire ecology of major forest types within US ecoregions, with a focus on the level of plant and animal fire-dependency, and the role of fire in maintaining forest composition and structure. The regional chapters also include discussion of historic natural (lightning-ignited) and anthropogenic (Native American; settlers) fire regimes, current fire regimes as influenced by recent decades of fire suppression and land use history, and fire management in relation to ecosystem integrity and restoration, wildfire threat, and climate change. The summary chapter combines the major points of each chapter, in a synthesis of US-wide fire ecology and forest management into the future. This book provides current, organized, readily accessible information for the conservation community, land managers, scientists, students and educators, and others interested in how fire behavior and effects on structure and composition differ among ecoregions and forest types, and what that means for forest management today and in the future.

Download or read book The Photoload Sampling Technique written by Robert E. Keane and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire managers need better estimates of fuel loading so they can more accurately predict the potential fire behavior and effects of alternative fuel and ecosystem restoration treatments. This report presents a new fuel sampling method, called the photoload sampling technique, to quickly and accurately estimate loadings for six common surface fuel components (1 hr, 10 hr, 100 hr, and 1000 hr downed dead woody, shrub, and herbaceous fuels). This technique involves visually comparing fuel conditions in the field with photoload sequences to estimate fuel loadings. Photoload sequences are a series of downward-looking and close-up oblique photographs depicting a sequence of graduated fuel loadings of synthetic fuelbeds for each of the six fuel components. This report contains a set of photoload sequences that describe the range of fuel component loadings for common forest conditions in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana, USA to estimate fuel loading in the field. A companion publication (RMRS-RP-61CD) details the methods used to create the photoload sequences and presents a comprehensive evaluation of the technique.

Download or read book Mark Twain National Forest N F Oak Decline and Forest Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mark Twain National Forest N F Pineknot Woodland Restoration written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Try it with Fire and Lime written by Loretta Secretariat Rafay and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytogenic defensive compounds mediate important multitrophic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems, yet we have limited understanding of how the methods used to restore and maintain degraded ecosystems influence subsequent ecosystem chemical ecology. To elucidate the chemical ecology of applied ecological restoration management techniques and phytochemical mechanisms of biotic interactions, I carried out an observational and an experimental study in a restored grassland. In my observational study, I investigated the effects of prescribed fire regime (quantity of historical burns and time since burn) on plant defensive chemistry. In my experimental study, I tested the effects of simulated herbivory, prescribed burning, and fast-acting soil lime on plant defensive chemistry at three phenological time steps. I tested foliar tissues across two growing seasons in two perennial forbs: (1) Castilleja levisecta (observational and experimental study), a hemiparasite Pacific Northwest native that produces the defensive iridoid glycosides aucubin, catalpol, macafadienoside, and, putatively, methyl shanzhiside; and (2) Plantago lanceolata (experimental study only), a European exotic that produces the defensive iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol. In my observational study, quantity of historical burns was a significant factor for C. levisecta iridoid glycoside concentrations. Total iridoid glycosidee concentrations were negatively related to quantity of historical burns. Time since most recent burn was not a significant factor for total iridoid glycosides. In my experimental study, unique patterns emerged in response to simulated herbivory for one constituent iridoid glycoside in each of my two plant species. A prescribed autumn burn had no effect on C. levisecta iridoid glycoside concentrations, but had a lessening effect on foliar iridoid glycoside concentrations in P. lanceolata. Phenology significantly modified some of these patterns. Fast-acting soil lime had no significant short-term effect on iridoid glycoside concentrations in either species. Understanding how these landscape scale land management techniques interact with phenology and biotic factors to affect plant defensive chemistry is crucial to developing restoration and management plans rooted in sound chemical ecology theory. My research confirms that environmental factors, phenology, and land management techniques have the potential to create important chemical legacies that should be planned and monitored alongside other response variables in long-term terrestrial restoration projects.

Download or read book Vegetation Response to Seasonality of Prescribed Fire and Postfire Seeding Following Mechanical Fuel reduction Treatments in Oak chaparral Communities of Southwestern Oregon written by Celeste Tina Coulter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks 3rd Edition written by Paul S Johnson and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks is an updated and expanded edition that explores oak forests as responsive ecosystems. New chapters emphasize the importance of fire in sustaining and managing oak forests, the effects of a changing climate, and advanced artificial regeneration techniques. This new edition expands on silvicultural methods for restoring and sustaining oak woodlands and savannahs, and on management of ecosystem services, including wildlife habitat. It also incorporates new material on evaluating landscape-scale, and cumulative effects of management action compared with inaction. Nine of the fifteen chapters cover updated information on the geographic distribution of US oaks, oak regeneration dynamics, site productivity, stocking and stand development, even- and uneven-aged silvicultural methods, and growth and yield. This edition includes a new section with colour illustrations for improved visualization of complex relationships. This book is intended for forest and wildlife managers, ecologists, silviculturists, environmentalists, and students of those fields.

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Guide for Prescribed Fire in Southern Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vegetation Response to Prescribed Fire in Mountain Big Sagebrush Ecosystems at Lava Beds National Monument California written by Lisa M. Ellsworth and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic land use alterations such as livestock grazing and fire suppression have greatly altered sagebrush grasslands of the Great Basin, facilitating invasion of exotic annuals, increases in woody species, and losses of native species. Much of the current research surrounding wildland and prescribed fire in sagebrush dominated ecosystems has focused on a persistent belief that fire in sagebrush systems results in a loss of native flora and a trend toward dominance by exotic annuals. Fire was historically the dominant disturbance throughout the sagebrush steppe and the plant species that comprised these communities possess a variety of adaptations facilitating survival to the fire regime. In order to restore ecosystems, land managers will need to reintroduce natural ecosystem processes, including natural disturbance processes. To describe the response of these plant communities to fire, I examined the plant community response, seedbank response, and reproductive and density responses of three native bunchgrasses (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Achnatherum therberianum, and Elymus elymoides) as well as one native forb (Calochortus macrocarpus) following spring and fall prescribed fires at Lava Beds National Monument. Fires were applied to three Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Mountain Big Sagebrush) plant communities with different land use and fire histories. These communities were different in composition ranging from a dominance of exotic annuals to dominance by native grasses, shrubs, and trees. Little is known about how prescribed fire affects the soil seed bank in sagebrush-dominated ecosystems. To address this, we quantified the emergence of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) seedlings as well as emergence of seedlings of functional groups (native forbs, bunchgrasses, and shrubs) in a seedbank germination study. At the invasive dominated site (Gillems Camp), we found 91% fewer B. tectorum seedlings germinated in spring burned sites than in controls immediately following spring prescribed burns. However, soils collected one-year following fire had 40% more B. tectorum germinants (8017 germinants/m [superscript 2]) than unburned controls (5132 germinants/m [superscript 2]). Following fall burns at this site there was a similar response, with a 56% immediate reduction in B. tectorum (as compared to unburned control) and a 59% increase in B. tectorum and 58% increase in exotic forb germinants one year following fires. There was an increase in native forb germination following spring burns (94%) and fall burns (45%) at a site dominated by native plants (Fleener Chimneys). Native bunchgrass seed germination declined following spring fire in sites dominated by sagebrush and native understory vegetation (79%), and in sites where Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper) and other woody species dominated (Merrill Caves) (71%). In invasive-dominated sites (Gillems Camp), there was a decrease in B. tectorum cover following both spring (81% decrease) and fall fires (82% decrease), and little native vegetation composition change. Shrub cover, made up predominantly of Chrysothamnus nauseosus, decreased following spring (95% decrease) and fall (93% decrease) fires. At the sagebrush, native understory site (Fleener Chimneys), there was a reduction in native bunchgrass cover (64% decrease), and an increase in native forbs (168% increase) following spring burns, with no changes following fall fires. At the juniper- woody dominated site (Merrill Caves), fire treatments resulted in a decrease in woody plant cover, with no immediate postfire differences seen in the herbaceous plant community. Density of bunchgrass species (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Achnatherum therberianum, Elymus elymoides) did not change following either spring or fall prescribed fire treatments. Fire enhanced flowering was not seen in C. macrocarpus following spring or fall burns at the native or juniper dominated sites. There was increased reproductive effort in native bunchgrass species following fires in all communities studied. Following spring fires at invasive dominated sites, there was a 245% increase in reproductive culms of P. spicata. Following fall fires in native dominated sites, we saw a 974% increase in reproductive culms of P. spicata and a 184% increase in reproductive culms of A. therberianum. Following fall fires at juniper-dominated sites, we saw in an increase in reproductive culms of P. spicata (678% increase), A. thurberianum (356% increase), and Elymus elymoides (209% increase). These results suggest that implementing prescribed fire in order to restore the natural disturbance regime in these fire-adapted ecosystems is beneficial to restoration and preservation of the native biota.

Download or read book Prescribed Burning for Laurel and Rhododendron Control in the Southern Appalachians written by Ralph M. Hooper and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ouachita and Ozark Mountains Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 5-year results of silvicultural treatments associated with ecosystem management research in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Results from stand-level treatments include regeneration dynamics of pine and hardwood species, effects of treatment on birds and small mammals, mast production, visual quality, oak decline, and organic matter. Pretreatment landscape findings include measurements of woody vegetation; birds, mammals, and herpetofauna; fish communities and trophic structure; hydrology; and evaluation of susceptibility to gypsy moth outbreaks.

Download or read book How Landscape Context and the Local Environment Affect Plant Community Composition and Long term Structural Change in a Naturally Patchy Ecosystem written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant communities respond to multiple drivers that operate simultaneously at both local and landscape scales, but the relative importance of these drivers, and the mechanisms by which they influence communities, remain incompletely understood. In this dissertation, I examine the influences of landscape context, soil characteristics, and disturbance on plant communities and plant functional traits in Ozark glades--naturally fragmented dry grasslands. I also examine how local and landscape factors interact with management history to influence woody encroachment patterns, since encroachment represents one of the greatest threats to this ecosystem. Plant species richness in dolomite glades responds most strongly to soil resource availability, but also increases significantly with glade area and connectivity. Conservative grassland specialist species respond positively to glade area and connectivity, while generalist species do not. Generalists, however, have stronger responses to soil resource availability than specialists. Functional traits predict some species responses to landscape spatial structure and soil resource availability, and phenology mediates these relationships. Spring-blooming species have fewer trait interactions with landscape spatial structure and soil resource availability than summer-blooming species, probably because harsher conditions in hot Ozark summers cause stronger responses to ecological gradients. Summer-blooming species with better persistence and dispersal abilities are more likely to occur in smaller, more isolated glades, and species with traits suggesting more resource-acquisitive life history strategies are more likely to occur in richer soils. Soil also has strong influences on plant communities in sandstone glades, where soil organic matter mediates a shift from lichen-dominance to plant-dominance. Rare, deep soil zones of sandstone glades harbor high plant diversity. Analysis of landscape imagery shows that median tree cover in glades has increased substantially over the last 75 years--by approximately seven-fold. Broadleaf trees and shrubs tend to encroach near areas that had some woody vegetation in 1939, while cedars prolifically colonize across the landscape. Bimodal frequency distributions of woody cover in glades managed with fire suggest that thresholds and hysteresis characterize encroachment patterns. These results suggest that prescribed fire can prevent new encroachment but that fire does not carry well through densely wooded areas to kill trees and shrubs, probably because trees shade out grassy fuels.

Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options written by James M. Vose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest land managers face the challenges of preparing their forests for the impacts of climate change. However, climate change adds a new dimension to the task of developing and testing science-based management options to deal with the effects of stressors on forest ecosystems in the southern United States. The large spatial scale and complex interactions make traditional experimental approaches difficult. Yet, the current progression of climate change science offers new insights from recent syntheses, models, and experiments, providing enough information to start planning now for a future that will likely include an increase in disturbances and rapid changes in forest conditions. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems provides a comprehensive analysis of forest management options to guide natural resource management in the face of future climate change. Topics include potential climate change impacts on wildfire, insects, diseases, and invasives, and how these in turn might affect the values of southern forests that include timber, fiber, and carbon; water quality and quantity; species and habitats; and recreation. The book also considers southern forest carbon sequestration, vulnerability to biological threats, and migration of native tree populations due to climate change. This book utilizes the most relevant science and brings together science experts and land managers from various disciplines and regions throughout the south to combine science, models, and on-the-ground experience to develop management options. Providing a link between current management actions and future management options that would anticipate a changing climate, the authors hope to ensure a broader range of options for managing southern forests and protecting their values in the future.