Download or read book Oxidation of Alcohols Using Heterogeneous Au TiO2 Catalysts written by Devon Indar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis written by Noritaka Mizuno and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a gap in the current literature, this comprehensive reference presents all important catalyst classes, including metal oxides, polyoxometalates, and zeolites. Readers will find here everything they need to know -- from structure design to characterization, and from immobilization to industrial processes. A true must-have for anyone working in this key technology.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Oxidation of Alcohols written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective oxidation of alcohols is one of the most challenging reactions in green chemistry. While the current chemical industry uses organic and inorganic oxidants to produce carbonyl compounds, it is highly desirable to use a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient oxidation of alcohols. The present research is focused on increasing the activity and selectivity towards the corresponding carbonyl of the heterogeneous oxidation for alcohols. The low activity of 5 wt.%Pt-1 wt. %Bi/Carbon for the oxidation of 2-octanol was investigated in a 500ml stirred tank reactor. The fast reaction rate drops dramatically from 0.23 M/hr to 0.006 M/hr after 15 minutes reaction time when heptane was used as solvent. Different possible causes such as overoxidation, leaching and poisoning were examined. It was found that the loss of high conversion rate was due to product adsorption and hence, different solvents were investigated. A mixture of 16-18% v/v dioxane in heptane was able to effectively regenerate active sites and allow a constant reaction rate of 0.07M/hr. The effects of temperature and pressure were also studied. Gas-liquid, liquid-solid and internal mass transfer effects were determined experimentally and semi-empirically. Six different Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate models were examined where a modified model based on Schuurman et al. (1992) was found to adequately describe the experimental data. The novel 2.5%Au-2.5%Pd/titania catalyst was investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Different parameters such as catalyst oxidation state, pressure and stirrer design were studied to increase the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The selectivity was shown to be highly dependent on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, the pressure, temperature, catalyst treatment were optimised and the reactor configuration was re-designed to enhance oxygen transport to the catalyst. While the conversion rate was unaffected by the oxygen concentration, the catalyst pre-treatmen.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Au TiO2 and Pd CNT Catalysts and Their Applications in the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols in the Liquid Phase written by Weiwen Dong and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Mario G. Clerici and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for environmentally friendly industrial organic syntheses From basic principles to new and emerging industrial applications, this book offers comprehensive coverage of heterogeneous liquid-phase selective oxidation catalysis. It fully examines the synthesis, characterization, and application of catalytic materials for environmentally friendly organic syntheses. Readers will find coverage of all the important classes of catalysts, with an emphasis on their stability and reusability. Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis features contributions from an international team of leading chemists representing both industry and academia. The book begins with a chapter on environmentally benign oxidants and then covers: Selective oxidations catalyzed by TS-1 and other metal-substituted zeolites Selective catalytic oxidation over ordered nanoporous metallo-aluminophosphates Selective oxidations catalyzed by mesoporous metal-silicates Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by supported metal-based catalysts Selective liquid phase oxidations in the presence of supported polyoxometalates Selective oxidations catalyzed by supported metal complexes Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by metal-organic frameworks Heterogeneous photocatalysis for selective oxidations with molecular oxygen All the chapters dedicated to specific types of catalysts follow a similar organization and structure, making it easy to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts. The final chapter examines the latest industrial applications, such as the production of catechol and hydroquinone, cyclohexanone oxime, and propylene oxide. With its unique focus on liquid phase heterogeneous oxidation catalysis, this book enables researchers in organic synthesis and oxidation catalysis to explore and develop promising new catalytic materials and synthetic routes for a broad range of industrial applications.
Download or read book Gold Catalysis written by Laura Prati and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first report on alcohol oxidation in 1998, many studies have highlighted some peculiarity of gold with respect to other metals. Some analogies have been found between gas and liquid phases, but the big challenge to operate in a condensed phase lies in the role of the solvent in tuning the reactant-catalyst contact. Liquid-phase oxidation
Download or read book Heterogeneous Gold Catalysts and Catalysis written by Zhen Ma and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-08-20 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once considered an inert element, gold has recently gained attention as a catalyst. With hundreds of papers being published each year, this book presents a comprehensive review of this rapidly-evolving field, with contributions by leading experts across the globe. Going through the chapters citing the primary literature, the reader will gain a thorough background to the use of gold in catalysis, as well as the latest methods for the preparation of gold catalysts. Other chapters demonstrate the characterisation and modelling of gold-catalysed reactions, with consideration given to both the fundamentals and commercial applications of this emerging group of catalysts. Written to be accessible by postgraduates and newcomers to the field, this book will also benefit experienced researchers and therefore be an essential reference in the laboratory.
Download or read book Transition Metal Catalysis in Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation written by Francesca Cardona and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the search for environmentally benign procedures for the oxidation of alcohols and gives an overview of their transition-metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation.
Download or read book Elucidation of Active Sites for the Reaction of Ethanol on TiO2 Au 111 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obtaining a molecular-level understanding of the reaction of alcohols with heterogeneous model catalysts is critical for improving industrial catalytic processes, such as the production of H2 from alcohols. Gold has been shown to be an excellent oxidation catalyst once oxygen is added to it. The use of reducible oxides provides a source of oxygen on Au(111) for the reaction of ethanol, which is easily regenerated in the presence of an oxygen background. In this work, ethanol operates as a probe molecule to investigate the role of Au(111), TiO2 nanoparticles, and TiO2/Auinterfacial surface sites on the catalytic properties of TiO2/Au(111). Ultrahigh vacuum temperature programmed desorption (TPD) studies with ethanol/Au(111) elucidate previously unreported adsorption sites for ethanol. Ethanol molecularly adsorbs to Au terrace sites, step edges, and undercoordinated kink sites with adsorption energies of -51.7, -55.8, and -65.1 kJ/mol, respectively. A TPD coverage study of ethanol on TiO2/Au(111) indicates ethanol undergoes dissociative adsorption to form H*(a) and CH3CH2O*(a) on the inverse model catalyst surface. The desorption temperature of low coverages of ethanol from TiO2/Au(111) (Tdes= ~235 K) is at an intermediate temperature between the desorption temperatures from bulk Au(111) and TiO2(110), indicating both Au and TiO2 play a role in the adsorption of ethanol. Both low-temperature adsorption and high-temperature reactions are studied and indicate that ethanol-derived products--such as acetaldehyde and ethylene--desorb from TiO2/Au(111) at ~500 K.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations written by Varun Rawat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the broad challenges around energy and the environment have become the focus of much research, scientists and experts have dedicated their efforts to developing more active and selective catalytic systems for key chemical transformations. For many decades environmentally viable protocols for the synthesis of fine chemicals have been the crux of academic and industrial research. Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations serves as an overview of this work, providing a complete description of role of heterogeneous catalysis in organic transformations and offering a review of the current and near future technologies and applications. Discusses the fundamentals of catalysis and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different types of catalyst systems Examines oxide nanoparticles and noble metal nanoparticles Consider organometallic compounds, solid-supported catalysts, and mesoporous materials Describes recent advances in metal-based heterogeneous catalysts and new reactions with possible mechanistic pathways Providing a comprehensive review of heterogeneous catalysis from the basics through recent advances, this book will be of keen interest to undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, and associated fields.
Download or read book Advanced Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Energy written by Vladislav A. Sadykov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Energy: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications outlines new approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials (synthesis in flow conditions, laser electrodispersion of single metals or alloys on carbon or oxide supports, mechanochemistry, sol-gel routes, etc.) to provide systems with a narrow particle size distribution, controlled metal-support interaction and nanocomposites with uniform spatial distribution of domains of different phases, even in dense sintered materials. Methods for characterization of real structure and surface properties of nanomaterials are discussed, including synchrotron radiation diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, neutronography, transmission/scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis, and more. The book covers the effect of nanosystems' composition, bulk and surface properties, metal-support interaction, particle size and morphology, deposition density, etc. on their functional properties (transport features, catalytic activity and reaction mechanism). Finally, it includes examples of various developed nanostructured solid electrolytes and mixed ionic-electronic conductors as materials in solid oxide fuel cells and asymmetric supported membranes for oxygen and hydrogen separation. Outlines synthetic and characterization methods for nanocatalysts Relates nanocatalysts' properties to their specific applications Proposes optimization methods aiming at specific applications
Download or read book Catalysts for Alcohol fuelled Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells written by Zhen-Xing Liang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art review on recent advances in nanocatalysts and electrocatalysis in DOFCs.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysts for Clean Technology written by Karen Wilson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive, but not a reactant. Heterogeneous catalysts play an unseen role in many of today's processes and products. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability in both products and processes, this handbook is the first to combine the hot topics of heterogeneous catalysis and clean technology. It focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for use in clean chemical synthesis, dealing with how modern spectroscopic techniques can aid the design of catalysts for use in liquid phase reactions, their application in industrially important chemistries - including selective oxidation, hydrogenation, solid acid- and base-catalyzed processes - as well as the role of process intensification and use of renewable resources in improving the sustainability of chemical processes. With its emphasis on applications, this book is of high interest to those working in the industry.
Download or read book Noble Metal Heterogeneous Catalysts for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transformation of hydrocarbon feedstocks to complex molecules found in the fine chemical, agro chemical, and pharmaceutical industries require selective oxidations to impart the desired functionality. Oxidation of alcohols is commonly done employing harsh and potentially hazardous oxidants with stoichiometric amounts of byproducts being produced. The use of O2 as the terminal oxidant provides a safe and environmentally benign alternative with selectivity control being realized through the use of a catalyst. The use of a Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones was studied for applicability and scalability in a continuous process. The catalyst was found to undergo rapid deactivation in the first 50-100 turnovers. High yields of diverse aldehydes and ketones were realized in the continuous process over the deactivated Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 catalyst. The discovery of a new heterogeneous catalyst was accomplished through rapid admixture screening and optimization using design of experiment techniques. The optimized catalyst compositions of PdBi0.47Te0.09/C (PBT-1) and PdBi0.35Te0.23/C (PBT-2) were found to be very active and selective for the aerobic oxidation of 1-octanol to methyl octanoate. These optimized catalysts show high yields of many diverse methyl esters from the oxidation of alcohols, and their stability was demonstrated in a continuous process achieving nearly 60,000 turnovers with no apparent loss in activity. The role of the Bi and Te promoters and mechanism of the PBT-2 catalyst was explored through kinetic studies and characterization of the catalyst. Through the use of kinetics and other mechanistic probes we discovered that the reaction shows saturation dependence in [substrate] and [K2CO3] and is first order in pO2, supporting a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism with the reaction occurring between alkoxide and O2 adsorbed to the catalyst. The promoters are proposed to protect the Pd catalyst from over oxidation to inactive PdOx species as well as prevent side reactions (Bi) and electronically modify the Pd (Te). Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or nitriles was demonstrated in a continuous process using a CuI/TEMPO catalyst. The oxidation to the nitrile was accomplished through the addition of anhydrous ammonia, and excellent yields were observed from the oxidation of diverse primary benzylic alcohols.
Download or read book Nanoporous Gold written by Arne Wittstock and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-surface-area materials have recently attracted significant interest due to potential applications in various fields such as electrochemistry and catalysis, gas-phase catalysis, optics, sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage. In contrast to classical materials the properties of high-surface-area materials are no longer determined by their bulk, but by their nanoscale architecture. Nanoporous gold (np-Au) represents the fascinating class of mesoporous metals that have been intensively investigated in recent years. The current interest and the increasing number of scientific publications show that np-Au by itself is an outstanding nano-material that justifies a book devoted to all aspects of its properties and applications. The resulting publication is a discussion of this unique nano-material and is an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the field. The book provides a broad, multi-disciplinary platform to learn more about the properties of nanoporous gold from an inter-disciplinary perspective. It starts with an introduction and overview of state-of-the-art applications and techniques characterizing this material and its applications. It then covers the progress in research within the last years. The chapters are in-depth overviews written by the world's leading scientists in the particular field. Each chapter covers one technique or application so that the reader can easily target their favoured topic and will get the latest and state-of-the-art information in the field.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Micro and Nanoscale Composites for the Catalysis of Organic Reactions written by Ali Maleki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Micro and Nanoscale Composites for the Catalysis of Organic Reactions discusses the major properties and applications of heterogeneous micro and nanoscale composites, including surface coating and functionalization capability, effective physical properties, recovery and reusability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, preparation strategies and essential analytical methods for the characterization of these materials are investigated. The effects of morphology, porosity and sizes of these composites on catalytic activity are also discussed. This book is an important reference source for materials engineers and chemical engineers who are interested in heterogeneous, thin-scaled materials and catalyzed organic synthesis reactions. In addition, this book will help researchers design novel structures and apply them in catalytic applications. Provides information on the preparation, characterization and applications of catalysis of organic reactions Outlines the major catalytic applications of heterogenous nanocomposites Assesses the major challenges of manufacturing heterogenous nanocomposites on an industrial scale
Download or read book Hydrogen Transfer Reactions written by Gabriela Guillena and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
