Download or read book Overcoming Dendritic Cell mediated Suppression of T Cell Responses in a Prostate Tumor Environment written by Eileen M. Higham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in American men, leading to significant mortality each year. This is in part due to a lack of effective treatments for advanced disease. The prostate is considered an ideal organ for cancer immunotherapy, because it is both nonessential and expresses several prostate-specific antigens than could be targeted for an immuno- therapeutic response. However, such therapy is limited by the tolerization of CD8 T cells in tumors, rapidly abrogating anti-tumor responses. In order to better understand the factors necessary to induce, maintain and promote productive T cell responses against cancer, this research has focused on understanding and interrupting critical interactions between CD8+ T cells and immunosuppressive networks within tumors. As our model system, we explored CD8+ T cell recognition of spontaneous prostate cancer in TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. We demonstrated that both naive and effector tumor-reactive T cells are rapidly tolerized in the prostates and prostate draining lymph nodes (PDLN) of TRAMP mice, and that dendritic cells are important factors driving their tolerization. We then developed two novel immuno- therapeutic approaches to locally overcome the suppressive influence of dendritic cells. In one approach, we engineered tumor-reactive T cells to express the immunostimulatory protein CD40 ligand to mature dendritic cells in the PDLN. This work demonstrated for the first time that tumor-reactive T cells could be engineered to deliver stimulatory signals to dendritic cells in tumor environments to enhance the function of adoptively transferred T cells. In a second approach, we injected ex vivo matured, antigen-loaded dendritic cells into tumors to overcome the influence of endogenous suppressive dendritic cells. This work demonstrated for the first time that intratumoral injections of dendritic cells into spontaneous primary tumors could significantly delay the tolerization of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells and reverse the tolerization of resident tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), generating new potential therapeutic applications for TILs. These two approaches establish that mechanism-based immuno- therapeutic interventions can be rationally designed to locally interrupt immunosuppressive networks within tumors. As the TILs enhanced through this work are representative of those found in cancer patients, such approaches could have significant clinical impact.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Cancer written by Michael R Shurin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It covers all aspects of DC generation, function, survival and antitumor activity in the tumor environment both in vivo and in experimental in vitro systems. The goal in focusing on a spectrum of issues related to DC in cancer is to provide an extensive and expansive review rather than a collection of independent analyses from different authors. Specific topics to be covered include analysis of DC behavior in the tumor microenvironment, including endogenous and exogenous DC, multiple DC populations, molecular pathways responsible for DC dysfunction, tumor-derived factors altering DC polarization and activation, mechanisms of DC alterations, and the role of DC in tumor escape from immune recognition and elimination. Furthermore, additional chapters provide extensive analysis of the consequences of cancer therapy on the DC system and how aging impacts DC function in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, chapters are included examining strengths and pitfalls of current methodologies for generating DC from cancer patients for therapeutic purposes and on the role of tumor-mediated modulation of the DC system in cancer immunotherapy.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Cancer written by Michael R Shurin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-04-14 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It covers all aspects of DC generation, function, survival and antitumor activity in the tumor environment both in vivo and in experimental in vitro systems. The goal in focusing on a spectrum of issues related to DC in cancer is to provide an extensive and expansive review rather than a collection of independent analyses from different authors. Specific topics to be covered include analysis of DC behavior in the tumor microenvironment, including endogenous and exogenous DC, multiple DC populations, molecular pathways responsible for DC dysfunction, tumor-derived factors altering DC polarization and activation, mechanisms of DC alterations, and the role of DC in tumor escape from immune recognition and elimination. Furthermore, additional chapters provide extensive analysis of the consequences of cancer therapy on the DC system and how aging impacts DC function in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, chapters are included examining strengths and pitfalls of current methodologies for generating DC from cancer patients for therapeutic purposes and on the role of tumor-mediated modulation of the DC system in cancer immunotherapy.
Download or read book Dendritic Cell Dysfunction Restrains Cytotoxic T Cell Responses Against Cancer written by Maria Zagorulya and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can induce durable survival benefits in patients with advanced cancer, most patients do not respond. ICB acts by reinvigorating pre-existing anti-tumor immune responses, and responders are often characterized by the presence of a T cell infiltrate in tumors. However, T cell infiltration does not always correspond to ICB efficacy. Tumor-reactive T cells can acquire persistent dysfunctional states, which are resistant to ICB reinvigoration. Increasing evidence suggests that T cell dysfunction can arise during T cell priming. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in priming tumor-reactive T cells, indicating that DC-derived signals could regulate the functional quality of anti-tumor T cell responses. In this work, we investigated how cancer-associated suppression of DCs could lead to dysfunctional anti-tumor T cell responses. First, we explored tissue-specific mechanisms that could mediate lung tumor-specific T cell dysfunction, previously found to be induced during T cell priming in the lung tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN). We determined that the T cell dysfunction was caused by regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression of DC stimulatory capacity. Suppression required direct contact between Tregs and DCs and was specifically associated with the presence of clonally-expanded T helper type 1 (T[subscript H]1)-like Tregs. T[subscript H]1-like Tregs were induced in response to elevated levels of interferon-gamma (IFN[subscript gamma]) in the lung tdLN. Administration of IFN[gamma]-blocking antibody could counter the tissue-specific enrichment in IFN[gamma], repolarize Tregs and restore cytotoxic T cell responses against lung cancer. Next, we examined longitudinal changes in anti-tumor immunity associated with the observed decline in ICB efficacy in later-stages tumors. We found that ICB resistance at later timepoints was accompanied by T cell dysfunction and a decline in stimulatory DCs in both the tumor and tdLN. Treatment with Poly(I:C) could enhance T cell and DC responses at later timepoints, providing a clear rationale for combination immunotherapy using Poly(I:C) and ICB. Our work demonstrates that distinct tissue-specific and temporal elements can suppress DC ability to support productive anti-tumor immunity. Counteracting these mechanisms of DC dysfunction has the potential to enhance cytotoxic T cell responses and help better leverage the potential of anti-tumor immunity for long-term disease control.
Download or read book Tertiary Lymphoid Structures written by Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the various methods used to study tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in pathological situations. Pre-clinical models are also discussed in detail to show how TLS structure, development, and maintenance can be targeted and studied in vivo. The chapters in this book cover topics such as humans and mice; strategies to quantify TLS in order to use it in stained tissue sections; classifying a gene signature form fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues; and development of murine inflammatory models to help look at TLS in the context of infection or malignancy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and thorough, Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that increases the reader’s knowledge on immune functions and how they will pave the way to future therapeutic applications.
Download or read book Immune Mediated Diseases written by Michael R Shurin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-23 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions from the speakers of the Second IMD Congress (September 10-15, 2007; Moscow, Russia) who were eager to share some of the academic and clinical enthusiasm that defines the IMD meetings. The goal of the International Immune-Mediated Diseases: From Theory to Therapy (IMD) Congress is to bring the world’s best immunologists and clinicians to Moscow.
Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Download or read book Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy written by Peter L. Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid progress in the definition of tumor antigens, and improved immunization methods, bring effective cancer vaccines within reach. In this wide-ranging survey, leading clinicians and scientists review therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies against a variety of diseases and molecular targets. Intended for an interdisciplinary readership, their contributions cover the rationale, development, and implementation of vaccines in human cancer treatment, with specific reference to cancer of the cervix, breast, colon, bladder, and prostate, and to melanoma and lymphoma. They review target identification, delivery vectors and clinical trial design. The book begins and ends with lucid overviews from the editors, that discuss the most recent developments.
Download or read book Guide to Immunotherapy written by Suzanne L. Walker and published by . This book was released on 2018-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolism in Cancer written by Thorsten Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents concise chapters written by internationally respected experts on various important aspects of cancer-associated metabolism, offering a comprehensive overview of the central features of this exciting research field. The discovery that tumor cells display characteristic alterations of metabolic pathways has significantly changed our understanding of cancer: while the first description of tumor-specific changes in cellular energetics was published more than 90 years ago, the causal significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of cancer was only discovered in the post-genome era. The first 10 years of the twenty-first century were characterized by rapid advances in our grasp of the functional role of cancer-specific metabolism as well as the underlying molecular pathways. Various unanticipated interrelations between metabolic alterations and cancer-driving pathways were identified and currently await translation into diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Yet the speed, quantity, and complexity of these new discoveries make it difficult for researchers to keep up to date with the latest developments, an issue this book helps to remedy.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Download or read book Immune Surveillance written by Richard T. Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune Surveillance deals with the issues regarding tumor immunology and surveillance, in which the central theme is all about the life span of the mammalian host that is depleted by the environment with mutagenic agents and solutions. The book is divided into six chapters. It includes discussions on the organization and modulation of cell membrane receptors, as well as the origin and expression of membrane antigens. It also covers the topics on the triggering mechanisms for and effector mechanisms activated by the cellular recognition. These topics analyze and evaluate alternatives for the recognition and destruction mechanisms in the knowledge of cell cooperation and requirements for immune recognition. A chapter provides discourse on a solution for the paradox of thriving tumors based on the demonstrable in vitro host immunity. Another discusses the generation of antibody diversity and the theory of self-tolerance. The last chapter explains the evaluation of the evidence for immune surveillance. This reference will be invaluable to those who specialize in immunology.
Download or read book Cancer Cell Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates various aspects of cancer cell metabolism, including metabolic regulation in solid tumours vs. non-solid tumours, the molecular pathways involved in its metabolism, and the role of the tumour microenvironment in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism. It summarizes the complexity of cancer cell metabolism in terms of the switch from anaerobic to aerobic glycolysis and how mitochondrial damage promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. The respective chapters provide the latest information on the metabolic remodelling of cancer cells and elucidate the important role of the signalling pathways in reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism. In addition, the book highlights the role of autophagy in cancer cell metabolism, and how metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer cell progression. In closing, it summarizes recent advancements in drug development through targeting cancer metabolism.
Download or read book The Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer written by Robert Clarke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents state-of-the-art information on each of the arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR), how their activation/repression are regulated, integrated, and coordinated, how UPR components affect cancer cell biology and responsiveness to therapeutic interventions, and how UPR components/activities offer potentially novel targets for drug discovery, repurposing, and development. The volume will provide the most recent information on the signaling and regulation of the UPR, explore examples of how the UPR and/or specific components contribute to cancer biology, and identify and explore specific examples of potently new actionable targets for drug discovery and development from within the UPR and its regulation. Unique to the volume will be a specific focus on the UPR and its role in cancer biology, as well as a discussion of the role of the UPR in drug responses and resistance in cancer.
Download or read book Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy written by Nima Rezaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a type of active cancer immunotherapy. Clinicians, scientists, and researchers working on cancer treatment require evidence-based and up-to-date resources relating to therapeutic cancer vaccines. Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy provides a reference for cancer treatment for clinicians and presents a well-organized resource for determining high-potential research areas. The book considers that this promising modality can be made more feasible as a treatment for cancer. Chapters cover cancer immunology, general approaches to cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, tumor antigens, the strategy of allogeneic and autologous cancer vaccines, personalized vaccines, whole-tumor antigen vaccines, protein and peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, genetic vaccines, candidate cancers for vaccination, obstacles to developing therapeutic cancer vaccines, combination therapy, future perspectives and concluding remarks on therapeutic cancer vaccines. - Introduces the feasible immunotherapeutic vaccines for patients with different types of cancer - Presents the status of past and current vaccines for cancer treatment - Considers advantages and disadvantages of different therapeutic cancer vaccines - Looks at the combination of vaccines and other modalities, including immunotherapeutic and conventional methods - Analyzes obstacles to development of therapeutic cancer vaccines - Gives a view on future perspectives in the application of therapeutic cancer vaccines
Download or read book Oncoimmunology written by Laurence Zitvogel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading experts in cancer immunotherapy join forces to provide a comprehensive guide that sets out the main principles of oncoimmunology and examines the latest advances and their implications for clinical practice, focusing in particular on drugs with FDA/EMA approvals and breakthrough status. The aim is to deliver a landmark educational tool that will serve as the definitive reference for MD and PhD students while also meeting the needs of established researchers and healthcare professionals. Immunotherapy-based approaches are now inducing long-lasting clinical responses across multiple histological types of neoplasia, in previously difficult-to-treat metastatic cancers. The future challenges for oncologists are to understand and exploit the cellular and molecular components of complex immune networks, to optimize combinatorial regimens, to avoid immune-related side effects, and to plan immunomonitoring studies for biomarker discovery. The editors hope that this book will guide future and established health professionals toward the effective application of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and contribute significantly to further progress in the field.
Download or read book Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer written by Fumito Ito and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of the latest clinical information and guidelines for cancer checkpoint inhibitors and their implications for specific types of cancers. This practical title by Drs. Fumito Ito and Marc Ernstoff synthesizes the most up-to-date research and clinical guidance available on immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents this information in a compact, easy-to-digest resource. It's an ideal concise reference for trainee and practicing medical oncologists, as well as those in research. - Discusses the current understanding of how to best harness the immune system against different types of cancer at various stages. - Helps you translate current research and literature into practical information for daily practice. - Presents information logically organized by disease site. - Covers tumor immunology and biology; toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; and future outlooks. - Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.
