Download or read book Oscillatory brain activity as a marker of brain function and dysfunction in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders written by Aneta Kielar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-20 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Aging and Therapeutic Interventions written by Mahendra K. Thakur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together most up-to-date information on different aspects of brain aging and on the strategies for intervention and therapy of age-related brain disorders. It includes 18 chapters by leading researchers, and each chapter is a comprehensive and critical review of the topic in question, discusses the current scenario and focuses on future perspectives. The target readership is the undergraduate and graduate students in the universities, in medical and nursing colleges, along with the post-graduate researchers and practicing clinicians who would like to know about the latest developments in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and their therapeutic interventions. This book will be of much interest to pharmaceutical, nutrition and healthcare industry for an easy access to accurate and reliable information in the field of aging research and intervention.
Download or read book Healthy Brain Aging Evidence Based Methods to Preserve Brain Function and Prevent Dementia An issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine written by Abhilash K. Desai and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue examines what is a healthy aging brain and covers preventive measures for succesful cognitive aging. Topics covered include: A road map to healthy aging brain; Cardiovascular risk factors, cerebrovascular disease burden and healthy aging brain; Healthy aging brain: Impact of head injury, alcohol and environmental toxins; Healthy aging brain: What has sleep go to do with it?; Endocrine aspects of healthy aging brain; Healthy aging brain: Role of exercise and physically active lifestyle; Healthy aging brain: Role of nutrition and nutritional supplements; Healthy aging brain: Role of cognitive reserve, cognitive stimulation and cognitive exercises; Healthy aging brain: Impact of positive and negative emotions; Dementia risk predictor. Are we there yet?; Potential future neuroprotective therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and stroke; Healthy aging brain: Importance of promoting resilience and creativity.
Download or read book Oscillotherapeutics Toward Real Time Control of Pathological Oscillations in The Brain 2nd edition written by Yuichi Takeuchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oscillatory brain activities reflect and affect network activities in the brain. They support many physiological functions from motor control to cognition and emotion. Abnormal oscillatory brain activities are commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, anxiety/trauma-related disorders, major depressive disorders, addiction, etc. Therefore, these disorders can be considered as common oscillation defects “oscillopathies” despite having distinct behavioral manifestations. Recent advances in brain activity measurements and analyses have allowed us to study the pathological oscillations of each disorder as a possible biomarker of symptoms. Furthermore, novel brain stimulation technologies will enable time- and space-targeted interventions of the pathological oscillations of both neurological and psychiatric disorders as possible therapeutic targets for regulating their symptoms. This Research Topic focused on understanding and controlling pathological oscillations in the brain will provide a comprehensive overview of pathological oscillations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This Research Topic will also examine correlations or causal relationships between pathological oscillations and the symptoms of disorders with a view to the possible use of oscillations as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Good animal models that accurately reflect neurological and psychiatric symptoms of patients are necessary for providing the proof-of-concept toward future translational research. Large-scale recording and reliable decoding technologies are crucial for discovering the correlations between pathological oscillations and some symptoms, while time- and space-targeted intervention technologies are necessary for studying their causal relationships, Such data will eventually allow the development of neuroprosthesis devices for pathological oscillations. Revealing the mechanisms of physiological oscillations is also important for the direction of this topic.
Download or read book Oscillatory Network Activity in Brain Functions and Dysfunctions written by Bhim M. Adhikari and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experimental studies point to the notion that the brain is a complex dynamical system whose behaviors relating to brain functions and dysfunctions can be described by the physics of network phenomena. The brain consists of anatomical axonal connections among neurons and neuronal populations in various spatial scales. Neuronal interactions and synchrony of neuronal oscillations are central to normal brain functions. Breakdowns in interactions and modifications in synchronization behaviors are usual hallmarks of brain dysfunctions. Here, in this dissertation for PhD degree in physics, we report discoveries of brain oscillatory network activity from two separate studies. These studies investigated the large-scale brain activity during tactile perceptual decision-making and epileptic seizures.
Download or read book Neuroglia in the Aging Brain written by Jean de Vellis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished panel of internationally recognized neuroscientists comprehensively review the involvement of and changes in glial cells both during the normal aging process and in the major disorders of old age. Topics range from the cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging-especially aging-associated activation of astrocytes and microglia and its relation to neuronal injury and repair-to neuron-glia intercommunication. The contributors show how glial signals may be modulated by hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, intracellular metabolism, and intercellular exchanges, as well as by aging of the blood-brain barrier.
Download or read book Brain Networks in Aging Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions written by Junfeng Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old adults undertake multiple reduced cognitive abilities in aging, which are accompanied with specific brain reorganization in forms of regional brain activity and brain tissues, inter-region connectivity, and topology of whole brain networks in both function and structure. The plasticity changes of brain activities in old adults are explained by the mechanisms of compensation and dedifferentiation. For example, older adults have been observed to have greater, usually bilateral, prefrontal activities during memory tasks compared to the typical unilateral prefrontal activities in younger adults, which was explained as a compensation for the reduced brain activities in visual processing cortices. Dedifferentiation is another mechanism to explain that old adults are with much less selective and less distinct activity in task-relevant brain regions compared with younger adults. A larger number of studies have examined the plasticity changes of brain from the perspective of regional brain activities. However, studies on only regional brain activities cannot fully elucidate the neural mechanisms of reduced cognitive abilities in aging, as multiple regions are integrated together to achieve advanced cognitive function in human brain. In recent years, brain connectivity/network, which targets how brain regions are integrated, have drawn increasing attention in neuroscience with the development of neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical analysis. Connectivity quantifies functional association or neural fibers between two regions that may be spatially far separated, and graph theoretical analysis of brain network examines the complex interactions among multiple regions from the perspective of topology. Studies showed that compared to younger adults, older adults had altered strength of task-relevant functional connectivity between specific brain regions in cognitive tasks, and the alternation of connectivity are correlated to behavior performance. For example, older adults had weaker functional connectivity between the premotor cortex and a region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a working memory task. Interventions like cognitive training and neuro-modulation (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) have been shown to be promising in regaining or retaining the decreasing cognitive abilities in aging. However, only few neuroimaging studies have examined the influence of interventions to old adult’s brain activity, connectivity, and cognitive performance. This Research Topic calls for contributions on brain network of subjects in normal aging or with age-related diseases like mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The studies are expected to be based on neuroimaging techniques including but not limited to functional magnetic resonance imaging, Electroencephalography, and diffusion tensor imaging, and contributions on the influence of interventions to brain networks in aging are highly encouraged. All these studies would enrich our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying aging, and offer new insights for developing possible interventions to retain cognitive abilities in aging subjects.
Download or read book Cortical Oscillations in Health and Disease written by Roger D. Traub and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book first reviews the case that brain oscillations not only are important for cognition, as long suspected, but also play a part in the expression of signs and symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. The cellular mechanisms of many of the clinically relevant oscillations have been studied by the authors and their colleagues, using in vitro slice methods as well as detailed computer simulations. A surprising insight is that gap junctions between principal neurons play an absolutely critical role in so many types of oscillation in neuronal populations; oscillations are not just the result of properties of individual neurons and their synaptic connections. Furthermore, the way in which gap junctions produce oscillations in the cortex is novel, involving as it does global properties of networks, rather than just the time constants of membrane currents. This insight has implications for therapeutics as well as for our understanding of normal brain functions.
Download or read book The Ageing Brain written by Perminder S. Sachdev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When confronted with a neurological or psychiatric disorder in an elderly individual, a clinician or researcher is likely to ask how the processes of ageing have influenced the aetiology and presentation of the disorder, and will impact on its efficient management. There are many urban myths about ageing, and some of these apply to the brain. The r
Download or read book The Metabolic Inflammatory Axis in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impairment of energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Age- and disease-related hypometabolism is commonly associated with oxidative stress and they are both regarded as major contributors to the decline in synaptic plasticity and cognition. Neuroinflammatory changes, entailing microglial activation and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines, also correlate with age-related cognitive decline. It is still under debate whether the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced metabolic deficits or the microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation is the initiator of the cognitive changes in aging and AD. Nevertheless, multiple lines of evidence support the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation exacerbate each other, and these mechanistic diversities have cellular redox dysregulation as a common denominator. This research topic focuses on the role of a metabolic-inflammatory axis encompassing the bioenergetic activity, brain inflammatory responses and their redox regulation in healthy brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Dynamic interactions among these systems are reviewed in terms of their causative or in-tandem occurrence and how the systemic environment, -e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, and systemic inflammation-, impacts on brain function.
Download or read book Frontiers in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging written by Tomris Özben and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapidly growing body of research has consituted a new discipline that may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. This book offers an introduction to the topic, useful to both professionals & students in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology & neurology.
Download or read book Brain Function and Oscillations written by Erol Başar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-14 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroscience is ripe for a paradigm change as Freeman and Mountcastle describe. Brain Oscillations provide an important key to this change. In this book the functional importance of the brain's multiple oscillations is treated with an integrative scope. According to the author, neurophysiology and cognition demand integrative approaches similar to those of Galilei and Newton in physics and of Darwin in biology. Not only the human brain but also lower brains and ganglia of invertebrates are treated with electrophysical methods. Experiments on sensory registration, perception, movement, and cognitive processes related to attention, learning, and memory are described. A synopsis on brain functions leads to a new neuron assemblies doctrine, extending the concept of Sherrington, and new trends in this field. The book will appeal to scientists and graduate students.
Download or read book Brain Aging written by Hugh C. Hendrie and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Aging Brain written by Paola S. Timiras and published by . This book was released on 1998-01-16 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ system in the human, both in the intricacy of its cellular architecture and in the extent of its repertoire of macromolecules. The Aging Brain presents the current state of understanding of molecular, cellular, and functional changes that occur in normal brain aging, and compares and contrasts those changes with events occurring in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The chapters, written by world leaders in the field of brain aging, provide a timely and comprehensive consideration of key areas of this rapidly growing field of aging research. The topics covered include structural, functional, biochemical and molecular changes that occur during usual aging and in age-related neurological disorders. An emphasis is placed on emerging findings at the cellular and molecular levels. The roles of oxidative stress and perturbed energy metabolism in aging and neurodegenrative disorders are covered in considerable detail. In addition, the impact of aging and disease on specific neurotransmitter, neurotrophic factor and cytokine signaling pathways is reviewed. Finally, recent findings concerning possible approaches to reduce risk for age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as caloric restriction, are presented. The collective body of information presented in The Aging Brain will provide those stepping into the field of brain aging with an overview of our current understanding of fundamental changes that occur in the aging brain, and their molecular and cellular underpinnings. At the same time, the book delves deeply into critical mechanistic details of brain aging that should prove valuable to experts in the field.
Download or read book Brain Networks in Aging Reorganization and Modulation by Interventions written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old adults undertake multiple reduced cognitive abilities in aging, which are accompanied with specific brain reorganization in forms of regional brain activity and brain tissues, inter-region connectivity, and topology of whole brain networks in both function and structure. The plasticity changes of brain activities in old adults are explained by the mechanisms of compensation and dedifferentiation. For example, older adults have been observed to have greater, usually bilateral, prefrontal activities during memory tasks compared to the typical unilateral prefrontal activities in younger adults, which was explained as a compensation for the reduced brain activities in visual processing cortices. Dedifferentiation is another mechanism to explain that old adults are with much less selective and less distinct activity in task-relevant brain regions compared with younger adults. A larger number of studies have examined the plasticity changes of brain from the perspective of regional brain activities. However, studies on only regional brain activities cannot fully elucidate the neural mechanisms of reduced cognitive abilities in aging, as multiple regions are integrated together to achieve advanced cognitive function in human brain. In recent years, brain connectivity/network, which targets how brain regions are integrated, have drawn increasing attention in neuroscience with the development of neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical analysis. Connectivity quantifies functional association or neural fibers between two regions that may be spatially far separated, and graph theoretical analysis of brain network examines the complex interactions among multiple regions from the perspective of topology. Studies showed that compared to younger adults, older adults had altered strength of task-relevant functional connectivity between specific brain regions in cognitive tasks, and the alternation of connectivity are correlated to behavior performance. For example, older adults had weaker functional connectivity between the premotor cortex and a region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a working memory task. Interventions like cognitive training and neuro-modulation (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) have been shown to be promising in regaining or retaining the decreasing cognitive abilities in aging. However, only few neuroimaging studies have examined the influence of interventions to old adult's brain activity, connectivity, and cognitive performance. This Research Topic calls for contributions on brain network of subjects in normal aging or with age-related diseases like mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The studies are expected to be based on neuroimaging techniques including but not limited to functional magnetic resonance imaging, Electroencephalography, and diffusion tensor imaging, and contributions on the influence of interventions to brain networks in aging are highly encouraged. All these studies would enrich our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying aging, and offer new insights for developing possible interventions to retain cognitive abilities in aging subjects.
Download or read book The BROKEN BRAIN written by Nancy C. Andreasen and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 1985-10-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details recent advances in neuroscience that have yielded a more accurate understanding of the brain's functions and malfunctions and, in turn, have moved psychiatry away from psychotherapy and into the mainstream biological traditions of medicine.
