Download or read book Angels of Mercy written by William Seraile and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This history of the nation’s first orphanage for African American children, founded in New York City nearly two centuries ago. This book uncovers the history of the Colored Orphan Asylum, founded in 1836. Through three wars, two major financial panics, a devastating fire during the 1863 Draft Riots, several epidemics, waves of racial prejudice, and severely strained budgets, it cared for orphaned, neglected, and delinquent children, eventually receiving financial support from such renowned New York families as the Jays, Murrays, Roosevelts, Macys, and Astors. While the white female managers and their male advisers were dedicated to uplifting these children, the evangelical, mainly Quaker founding managers also exhibited the extreme paternalistic views endemic at the time, accepting advice or support from the African American community only grudgingly. It was frank criticism in 1913 from W.E.B. Du Bois that highlighted the conflict between the orphanage and the community it served, and it wasn’t until 1939 that it hired the first black trustee. More than 15,000 children were raised in the orphanage, and throughout its history letters and visits have revealed that hundreds if not thousands of “old boys and girls” looked back with admiration and respect at the home that nurtured them throughout their formative years. Weaving together African American history with a unique history of New York City, this is not only a painstaking study of a previously unsung institution but a unique window onto complex racial dynamics during a period when many failed to recognize equality among all citizens as a worthy purpose. In its current incarnation as Harlem-Dowling West Side Center for Children and Family Services, it continues to aid children (albeit not as an orphanage)—and maintains the principles of the women who organized it so long ago. “Scholars and general readers interested in New York history, race relations, social services, [or] philanthropy . . . will benefit from this work.”?Social Sciences Reviews

Download or read book The Luckiest Orphans written by Hyman Bogen and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded in 1860, the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York was the oldest, largest, and best-known Jewish orphanage in the United States until its closing in 1941. This book, the first history of an orphanage ever published, tells the story of the HOA's development from a nineteenth-century institution into a model twentieth-century child-care facility. Because of the humane and benevolent attitude of the New York Jewish community toward its orphans, the harsh authoritarianism and Dickensian conditions typical of contemporary orphanages were gradually replaced there by a nurturing approach that looked after the religious, social, and personal needs of the children. Though primarily an instrument of social control, the HOA was also an expression of Jewish ethnicity. Its history is set in a larger context that includes the life and character of the New York Jewish community, the city's immigrant population, the social and economic conditions of the time, the child-saving efforts of other groups, and the debate over institutional versus foster care. Drawing from HOA archives, published sources, and his personal experience as a resident from 1932 to 1941, Hyman Bogen brings a unique perspective to child-saving efforts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His compelling tale portrays daily life for those who lived and worked in such institutions. He illustrates how an enlightened orphanage, rather than crushing the spirit of its young residents, can help children to gain self-esteem and become secure adults. Bogen's tale will be of particular interest to urban and social historians, to city and government officials, and to social workers, as well as to anyone concerned with thegrowing crisis in child-care options.

Download or read book Inside Looking Out written by Gary Edward Polster and published by Kent State University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cleveland Jewish Orphan Asylum was for fifty years (1868-1918) the home for some 3,500 boys and girls, most of them immigrants from Eastern Europe. Gary Polster's study examines the efforts of the more acculturated German Jews of Cleveland to "Americanize" and make good workers of the newcomers, and to teach a Judaism quite removed from the Yiddish culture and religious orthodoxy of Eastern Europe. The dominant figure at the asylum during the formative years was Samuel Wofenstein (1841-1921), a native of Moravia who by the age of 22 had earned both a rabbinical degree and a Ph.D in philosophy. He became a trustee of the JOA in 1875 and its superintendent in 1878. For a man who gained a reputation as an authoritarian, his first wish was to free the children from a lock step regimentation, which produced an "institutional type..marked by repression if not atrophy of the impulse to act independent." Wolfenstein stressed obedience through persuasion, through religion (Reform Judaism), and moral exhortations. Students were to be imbued with respect for work through performing useful tasks--the boys in the stables and on the grounds, the girls in the kitchen, the laundry, and the sewing room. The idea of "assimilation" was necessarily paternalistic but many of the German Jews believed that by becoming more "American" and less obviously "Jewish" they would deflect the always present nativism and anti-Semitism. As for the children, they remained for the most part ambivalent about the orphanage and about Wolfenstein and his successors. They were taught some useful skills; they were fed and clothed. Their chief deprivation was of the spirit. Professor Polster brings to his study a sensitivity that complements his grasp of the literature of "asylum" and the social history of turn-of-the-century America. He has listened well to the aging men and women who once were the children "inside looking out."

Download or read book A History of the New York Juvenile Asylum and Its Orphan Trains written by Clark Kidder and published by Kidder Productions, LLC. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the mid-1800s, the streets of New York City were home to an estimated 30,000 homeless, truant or orphaned children. These poor unfortunates were destined to commit petty crimes, be truant from school or home, or enter into prostitution, creating a tremendous drain on city resources and society in general. Magistrates committed the youthful offenders to asylums by the hundreds, one of which was the New York Juvenile Asylum, established in 1851. Overcrowding became a problem almost immediately. For the New York Juvenile Asylum, relief came with the implementation of a western indenturing plan in which companies of children were sent west, at first in partnership with the New York Children's Aid Society, later with Reverend Mr. Enoch Kingsbury of Danville, Illinois, and finally, independently by the Asylum itself. At the time, the American West was in critical need of laborers in both agriculture and industry, and many families were eager to take in a child who was willing to work in exchange for food and lodging, or to learn a trade. Indenture papers were signed stipulating boys would stay until age twenty-one and girls until age eighteen. At the completion of their indenture each child received a cash payment, new clothing, and a bible. The Asylum chose the state of Illinois to indenture the vast majority of its children in, later establishing a permanent western agent and agency house in the state. In 1861, the Illinois State Legislature passed a bill recognizing the indentures of the Asylum as legally binding documents. The orphan trains of the New York Juvenile Asylum were sent west from 1854 until circa 1921. By the time the practice ended the Asylum had indentured over 6,600 children in Illinois and a few surrounding states - chiefly Iowa. Volume one of this set chronicles the history of the New York Juvenile Asylum (later named The Children's Village) from its earliest history until circa 1923. Volumes Two through Volume Six are comprised of lists of all known names of children sent west from the Asylum, including dates, where sent, and with whom they were indentured.

Download or read book Asylum written by Jeannette de Beauvoir and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When four women are found brutally murdered and shockingly posed on park benches throughout the city over several months, Martine's boss fears a PR disaster for the still busy tourist season, and Martine is now also tasked with acting as liaison between the mayor and the police department. Martine is paired with a young detective, Julian Fletcher, and together they dig deep into the city's and the country's past, only to uncover a dark secret dating back to the 1950s, when orphanages in Montreal and elsewhere were converted to asylums in order to gain more funding. The children were subjected to horrific experiments such as lobotomies, electroshock therapy, and psychotropic medication, and many of them died in the process. The survivors were supposedly compensated for their trauma by the government and the cases seem to have been settled. So who is bearing a grudge now, and why did these four women have to die? Print run 20,000.

Download or read book The New York Juvenile Asylum written by Clark Kidder and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Juvenile Asylum (NYJA) was founded in 1851 by a group of prominent businessmen and professionals concerned about vagrancy among poor children in New York City. It was designed to house, educate, reform, and indenture children who were homeless, truant, or convicted of petty crimes in New York City. The NYJA being an alternative to the punitive House of Refuge where more hardened young criminals (incarcerated alongside much older adults) were being sent. Most children accepted into the NYJA were between the ages of seven and fifteen, but children both younger and older were accepted at times. The NYJA relocated to 176th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues in 1856. By the end of 1919 over 42,000 children had been admitted to the Asylum. About 6,000 were sent West on orphan trains in what is now referred to as America's Orphan Train Movement. The names in this volume represent over five thousand children who lived in the New York Juvenile Asylum, as well as its House of Reception (where applicable), between 1855 and 1925. The names were extracted from the following enumerations conducted at the Asylum and House of Reception: the 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 federal censuses; and the New York State censuses of 1855, 1905, 1915, and 1925. The censuses are arranged chronologically and the children listed alphabetically for each census. The descriptions vary from census to census; however, in virtually all cases they provide the individual's name, race, sex, age, and state or country of birth. Also included for several of the censuses is the state or country of birth for the parents of each child. In a couple of the censuses the "residence when admitted" (to the Asylum) is listed for each child.

Download or read book Circular s of Information written by United States. Bureau of Education and published by . This book was released on 1875 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alone in the World written by Catherine Reef and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2005 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the almshouses of the 1800s to the foster home programs of the present, find out about our country's evolving attitudes toward its neediest children.

Download or read book Troy Orphan Asylum written by Don Rittner and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are few institutions in America that can claim that they have been servicing the needs of indigent children for over 185 years. Yet, Vanderheyden, formerly known as Vanderheyden Hall and before that the Troy Orphan Asylum, has been doing just that. Vanderheyden's rich history of serving the needs of young children goes unmatched in the Capital District of New York. To celebrate the 185 years of service as an incorporated institution, this book gives a photo history of the orphans who were residents of the Troy Orphan Asylum from 1833 onward. This is a companion version of the 600-page Vanderheyden: History of The Troy Orphan Asylum 1833-2018 by the author.

Download or read book Orphan Trains written by Marylin Irvin Holt and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "From 1850 to 1930 America witnessed a unique emigration and resettlement of at least 200,000 children and several thousand adults, primarily from the East Coast to the West. This 'placing out,' an attempt to find homes for the urban poor, was best known by the 'orphan trains' that carried the children. Holt carefully analyzes the system, initially instituted by the New York Children's Aid Society in 1853, tracking its imitators as well as the reasons for its creation and demise. She captures the children's perspective with the judicious use of oral histories, institutional records, and newspaper accounts. This well-written volume sheds new light on the multifaceted experience of children's immigration, changing concepts of welfare, and Western expansion. It is good, scholarly social history."—Library Journal

Download or read book Cincinnati s General Protestant Orphan Home written by Christine Hall and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1849, a cholera epidemic devastated Cincinnati, taking the lives of 4,114 residents. The First German Protestant Aid Association proposed creating a home for the orphaned children and established the German General Protestant Orphan Asylum in Mount Auburn. In 1851, the annual Orphan Feast and parade began and was one of the largest one-day festivals in Cincinnati for 137 years. In 1949, the desire to move the children from the city to the country drove the purchase of 60 acres in Anderson. The orphanage's name changed to Beech Acres after the beech trees lining the property. In the 1980s, with the need to serve children in a community setting, Beech Acres Parenting Center closed its residential services and expanded into the community and schools with parenting programs, classes, mental health services, foster care, and parent coaching to strengthen families for children.

Download or read book Second Home written by Timothy A. Hacsi and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Timothy Hacsi shows, most children in nineteenth-century orphan asylums were "half-orphans," children with one living parent who was unable to provide for them. The asylums spread widely and endured because different groups - churches, ethnic communities, charitable organizations, fraternal societies, and local and state governments - could adapt them to their own purposes. In the 1890s, critics began to argue that asylums were overcrowded and impersonal. By 1909, advocates called for aid to destitute mothers, and argued that asylums should be a last resort, for short-term care only. Yet orphanages continued to care for most dependent children until the Depression strained asylum budgets and federally funded home care became more widely available. Yet some, Catholic asylums in particular, cared for poor children into the 1950s and 1960s.

Download or read book The Orphans of Davenport Eugenics the Great Depression and the War over Children s Intelligence written by Marilyn Brookwood and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating—and eerily timely—tale of the forgotten Depression-era psychologists who launched the modern science of childhood development. “Doomed from birth” was how psychologist Harold Skeels described two toddler girls at the Iowa Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home in Davenport, Iowa, in 1934. Their IQ scores, added together, totaled just 81. Following prevailing eugenic beliefs of the times, Skeels and his colleague Marie Skodak assumed that the girls had inherited their parents’ low intelligence and were therefore unfit for adoption. The girls were sent to an institution for the “feebleminded” to be cared for by “moron” women. To Skeels and Skodak’s astonishment, under the women’s care, the children’s IQ scores became normal. Now considered one of the most important scientific findings of the twentieth century, the discovery that environment shapes children’s intelligence was also one of the most fiercely contested—and its origin story has never been told. In The Orphans of Davenport, psychologist and esteemed historian Marilyn Brookwood chronicles how a band of young psychologists in 1930s Iowa shattered the nature-versus-nurture debate and overthrew long-accepted racist and classist views of childhood development. Transporting readers to a rural Iowa devastated by dust storms and economic collapse, Brookwood reveals just how profoundly unlikely it was for this breakthrough to come from the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station. Funded by the University of Iowa and the Rockefeller Foundation, and modeled on America’s experimental agricultural stations, the Iowa Station was virtually unknown, a backwater compared to the renowned psychology faculties of Stanford, Harvard, and Princeton. Despite the challenges they faced, the Iowa psychologists replicated increased intelligence in thirteen more “retarded” children. When Skeels published their incredible work, America’s leading psychologists—eugenicists all—attacked and condemned his conclusions. The loudest critic was Lewis M. Terman, who advocated for forced sterilization of low-intelligence women and whose own widely accepted IQ test was threatened by the Iowa research. Terman and his opponents insisted that intelligence was hereditary, and their prestige ensured that the research would be ignored for decades. Remarkably, it was not until the 1960s that a new generation of psychologists accepted environment’s role in intelligence and helped launch the modern field of developmental neuroscience.. Drawing on prodigious archival research, Brookwood reclaims the Iowa researchers as intrepid heroes and movingly recounts the stories of the orphans themselves, many of whom later credited the psychologists with giving them the opportunity to forge successful lives. A radiant story of the power and promise of science to better the lives of us all, The Orphans of Davenport unearths an essential history at a moment when race science is dangerously resurgent.

Download or read book Annual Report written by United States. Dept. of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 1873 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Report of the Department of the Interior written by United States. Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 1873 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book House Documents Otherwise Publ as Executive Documents written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the Commissioner of Education written by United States. Office of Education and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: