Download or read book Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions and Its Application in Organic Light Emitting Diodes written by Dongge Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically introduces the most important aspects of organic semiconductor heterojunctions, including the basic concepts and electrical properties. It comprehensively discusses the application of organic semiconductor heterojunctions as charge injectors and charge generation layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Semiconductor heterojunctions are the basis for constructing high-performance optoelectronic devices. In recent decades, organic semiconductors have been increasingly used to fabricate heterojunction devices, especially in OLEDs, and the subject has attracted a great deal of attention and evoked many new phenomena and interpretations in the field. This important application is based on the low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors and the weak non-covalent electronic interactions between them, which means that they easily form accumulation heterojunctions. As we know, the accumulation-type space charge region is highly conductive, which is an important property for highly efficient charge generation in their application as charge injector and charge generation layer in OLEDs. This book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and as a textbook for graduate students focusing on the study and development of OLED for display and lighting.

Download or read book Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions written by Donghang Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that most important electronic devices use Schottky junctions and heterojunctions. Unfortunately there is not an advanced book introducing heterojunctions systematically. Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions fills the gap. In this book, the authors provide a comprehensive discussion and systematic introduction on the state-of-the-art technologies as well as application of organic semiconductor heterojunctions. First book to systematically introduce organic heterojunctions Arms readers with theoretical, experimental and applied aspects of organic heterojunctions The Chinese edition of the book is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Distinguished Young Scholar Scientific Book Series Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions is an ideal and valued reference for researchers and graduate students focusing on organic thin film devices like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Instructors can use the book as a supplementary text for a semiconductor physics or organic electronics course, giving students a better feel for the application of organic thin film devices.

Download or read book Optoelectronic Organic Inorganic Semiconductor Heterojunctions written by Ye Zhou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optoelectronic Organic-Inorganic Semiconductor Heterojunctions summarizes advances in the development of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions, points out challenges and possible solutions for material/device design, and evaluates prospects for commercial applications. Introduces the concept and basic mechanism of semiconductor heterojunctions Describes a series of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions with desirable electrical and optical properties for optoelectronic devices Discusses typical devices such as solar cells, photo-detectors, and optoelectronic memories Outlines the materials and device challenges as well as possible strategies to promote the commercial translation of semiconductor heterojunctions-based optoelectronic devices Aimed at graduate students and researchers working in solid-state materials and electronics, this book offers a comprehensive yet accessible view of the state of the art and future directions.

Download or read book Organic Light Emitting Devices written by Klaus Müllen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This high-class book reflects a decade of intense research, culminating in excellent successes over the last few years. The contributions from both academia as well as the industry leaders combine the fundamentals and latest research results with application know-how and examples of functioning displays. As a result, all the four important aspects of OLEDs are covered: - syntheses of the organic materials - physical theory of electroluminescence and device efficiency - device conception and construction - characterization of both materials and devices. The whole is naturally rounded off with a look at what the future holds in store. The editor, Klaus Muellen, is director of the highly prestigious MPI for polymer research in Mainz, Germany, while the authors include Nobel Laureate Alan Heeger, one of the most notable founders of the field, Richard Friend, as well as Ching Tang, Eastman Kodak's number-one OLED researcher, known throughout the entire community for his key publications.

Download or read book Solution Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices written by Beata Luszczynska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.

Download or read book Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors written by Anna Köhler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first advanced textbook to provide a useful introduction in a brief, coherent and comprehensive way, with a focus on the fundamentals. After having read this book, students will be prepared to understand any of the many multi-authored books available in this field that discuss a particular aspect in more detail, and should also benefit from any of the textbooks in photochemistry or spectroscopy that concentrate on a particular mechanism. Based on a successful and well-proven lecture course given by one of the authors for many years, the book is clearly structured into four sections: electronic structure of organic semiconductors, charged and excited states in organic semiconductors, electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors, and fundamentals of organic semiconductor devices.

Download or read book Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions written by Donghang Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-16 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that most important electronic devices use Schottky junctions and heterojunctions. Unfortunately there is not an advanced book introducing heterojunctions systematically. Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions fills the gap. In this book, the authors provide a comprehensive discussion and systematic introduction on the state-of-the-art technologies as well as application of organic semiconductor heterojunctions. First book to systematically introduce organic heterojunctions Arms readers with theoretical, experimental and applied aspects of organic heterojunctions The Chinese edition of the book is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Distinguished Young Scholar Scientific Book Series Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions is an ideal and valued reference for researchers and graduate students focusing on organic thin film devices like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Instructors can use the book as a supplementary text for a semiconductor physics or organic electronics course, giving students a better feel for the application of organic thin film devices.

Download or read book Charge Carrier Transport and Injection Across Organic Heterojunctions written by Sai Wing Tsang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the 1980s has stimulated extensive research on organic semiconductors and devices. Underlying this breakthrough is the realization of the organic heterojunction (OH). Besides OLEDs, the implementation of the OH also significantly improves the power conversion efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). The continued technological advancements in organic electronic devices depend on the accumulation of knowledge of the intrinsic properties of organic materials and related interfaces. Among them, charge-carrier transport and carrier injection are two key factors that govern the performance of a device.From the point of view of application, an interface chemical doping method is proposed to engineer the carrier injection at an organic heterojunction. It is found that the injection current can be effectively increased or suppressed by introducing a thin (2 nm) doped organic layer at the interface. This technique is further extended to study the impact of an injection barrier at the OH, in OLEDs, on device performance. It is shown that a 0.3 eV injection barrier at the OH, that is normally negligible at metal/organic interface, can reduce the device efficiency by 25%. This is explained by the carrier distribution in the density-of-states at the OH.Furthermore, the carrier transport properties in a bulk heterojunction system are investigated. The bulk heterojunction consists of an interpenetrating network of a polymeric electron donor and a molecular electron acceptor. This material system has been studied in the last few years as an attractive power conversion efficiency (5% under AM 1.5) of OPV cells has been demonstrated. It is found that the electron mobility is greatly dependent on the thermal treatment of the film. Interfacial dipole effect at the heterojunction between the donor and the acceptor is proposed to be the determining factor that alters the carrier mobility in different nanoscale structures.This thesis mainly focuses on the charge carrier injection and transport at organic heterojunctions. The carrier transport properties of different organic materials used in this study are characterized by time-of-flight (TOF) and admittance spectroscopy (AS). An injection model is formulated by considering the carrier distribution at both sides of the interface. Using a steady-state simulation approach, the effect of accumulated charges on energy level alignment at OH is revealed. Instead of a constant injection barrier, it is found that the barrier varies with applied voltage. Moreover, an escape probability function in the injection model is modified by taking into account the total hopping rate and available hopping sites at the interface. The model predicts that the injection current at low temperature can be dramatically modified by an extremely small density of deep trap states. More importantly, the temperature dependence of the injection current is found to decrease with increasing barrier height. This suggests that extracting the barrier height from the J vs 1/T plot, as commonly employed in the literature, is problematic. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by a series of experiments on heterojunction devices with various barrier heights. In addition, the presence of deep trap states is also consistent with carrier mobility measurements at low temperature.

Download or read book Advances in Nanostructured Materials written by Bibhu Prasad Swain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent advances in nanostructured materials. It describes the characterization of nanomaterials, their preparation methods and performance testing techniques; the design and development of nano-scale devices; and the applications of nanomaterials, with examples taken from different industries, such as energy, bioengineering and medicine. The book is broadly divided into sections such as nanostructure semiconductor materials for device applications, nanostructured ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials.. The topics covered include experimental approaches of device fabrication, photovoltaics and supercapacitors applications, etc. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the area of nanotechnology and nanomaterials.

Download or read book Handbook of Integrated Circuit Industry written by Yangyuan Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 2006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by hundreds experts who have made contributions to both enterprise and academics research, these excellent reference books provide all necessary knowledge of the whole industrial chain of integrated circuits, and cover topics related to the technology evolution trends, fabrication, applications, new materials, equipment, economy, investment, and industrial developments of integrated circuits. Especially, the coverage is broad in scope and deep enough for all kind of readers being interested in integrated circuit industry. Remarkable data collection, update marketing evaluation, enough working knowledge of integrated circuit fabrication, clear and accessible category of integrated circuit products, and good equipment insight explanation, etc. can make general readers build up a clear overview about the whole integrated circuit industry. This encyclopedia is designed as a reference book for scientists and engineers actively involved in integrated circuit research and development field. In addition, this book provides enough guide lines and knowledges to benefit enterprisers being interested in integrated circuit industry.

Download or read book Organic Light Emitting Devices written by Jai Singh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-14 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state-of-the-art advancement in the field of organic electroluminescence contributed by many researchers with internationally established expertise in the field. It includes original contributions on the synthesis of suitable organic materials, fabrication of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and organic white light emitting devices (WOLEDs), characterization of these devices and some designs for optimal performance. All chapters are self-sufficient in presenting their contents. The cost effective chemical technology offers many exciting possibilities for OLEDs and organic solar cells (OSCs) to be futuristic solutions for lighting and power generation. A common flexible substrate can be used to fabricate OLEDs on one side facing a room and OSCs on the other side facing the sun. The device thus fabricated can generate power in the day time and light a room/house at night. The book covers developments on OLEDs, WOLEDs and briefly on OSCs as well.

Download or read book Understanding the Morphology at Donor acceptor Interfaces in Organic Semiconductors written by Zixuan Guo and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic electronic devices, including organic photovoltaics (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have become increasingly important in consumer electronic applications due to the development of organic semiconductors, including organic small molecules, and conjugated polymers. They have advantages such as light weight, flexibility/stretchability, and the ability for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The structure and mechanism of organic devices are analogous to inorganic semiconductor devices, where donor materials (p-type) and acceptor materials (n-type) are used to create interfaces. To build high-performance organic electronic devices, it is essential to understand functionalities of organic heterojunction because they are building blocks of electronics. Organic heterojunction is interfaces created between donor and acceptor organic semiconductors. Exciting electronic action of devices occurs at organic interfaces. From a fundamental viewpoint, the role of interfaces must have optimal electronic and physical communication to yield highly efficient devices. From a technological viewpoint, one must understand, control, and have a rational design of the desired electronic and optical properties at organic interfaces for the development of different electronics and a host of potential new device concepts that have not yet been developed or realized. In this dissertation, we will use organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPV) as an example to investigat organic heterojunction interfaces, including interface fabrication, epitaxy, morphology control, and characterization, with the aim of building high-performance devices with good stability. We begin by discussing the growth of organic single-crystalline crystals with controlled orientations. Materials used are two small molecules: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, p-type) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA, n-type). In this study, a self-built vertical physical vapor transport (v-PVT) chamber is used for crystallization, and a graphene-coated substrate is used to control molecular packing. Although ZnPc and PTCDA have a planar molecular shape and face-on packing motif on graphene, we find that they have different growth modes. Such growth mechanism difference can be explained by competition between intermolecular and molecule-graphene interactions. We then continue the abovementioned study by building model heterojunctions on graphene substrates using ZnPc and PTCDA. We discover that thermodynamics and kinetics of the system affect P-N junction morphology. We find that ZnPc and PTCDA form the "line-on-line" organic weak epitaxy at heterojunction interfaces from X-ray studies and crystallography refinement. We also verify that P-N junctions can generate electron-hole pairs. This work will advance the knowledge and create enabling opportunities to fabricate single-crystalline-oriented nanostructures. Besides using organic small molecules, we also explore the structure-property-performance relationship of conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) for OPV applications. In this work, a new donor-acceptor BCP is synthesized and added into polymer blend solar cells. We find that adding BCP could potentially retain the relative degree of crystallinity of [pi]-[pi] stacking regions, and decrease the detrimental interaction between donor polymer and electrode under thermal stress, thus improving the solar device's thermal stability by 30%. Finally, we explore the possibility of using graphene engineering for epitaxial growth dynamics control of organic small molecules. We determine that two distinct, alternating morphologies of ZnPc crystals are simultaneously observed on a single epitaxial SiC-graphene substrate. We hypothesize that the different morphologies arise from electronic structure and surface energy differences of underlying SiC-graphene regions ZnPc is grown on. The result will enable selective patterning of organic semiconductors for use in advanced warfare device applications. We hope these studies throughout this work will advance knowledge on fundamental crystallization mechanisms, interface engineering, morphology control, and characterization in organic crystalline systems. This work could further produce various future architectures for different applications in organic electronics.

Download or read book Organic Light Emitting Diodes OLEDs written by Alastair Buckley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are opening up exciting new applications in the area of lighting and displays. OLEDs are self emissive and by careful materials and device design can generate colours across the visible spectrum. Together with simple monolithic fabrication on a range of different substrates, these diverse material properties give OLEDs key advantages over existing display and lighting technology. This important book summarises key research on materials, engineering and the range of applications of these versatile materials.Part one covers materials for OLEDs. Chapters review conjugated polymers, transparent conducting thin films, iridium complexes and phosphorescent materials. Part two discusses the operation and engineering of OLED devices. Chapters discuss topics such as highly efficient pin-type OLEDs, amorphous organic semiconductors, nanostructuring techniques, light extraction, colour tuning, printing techniques, fluorenone defects and disruptive characteristics as well as durability issues. Part three explores the applications of OLEDs in displays and solid-state lighting. Applications discussed include displays, microdisplays and transparent OLEDs, sensors and large-area OLED lighting panels.Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is a standard reference for engineers working in lighting, display technology and the consumer electronics sectors, as well as those researching OLEDs. Summarises key research on the materials, engineering and applications of OLEDs Reviews conjugated polymers, transparent conducting thin films Considers nanostructuring OLEDS for increasing levels of efficiency

Download or read book Charge Dynamics in Organic Semiconductors written by Pascal Kordt and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of organic semiconductors researchers and manufacturers are faced with a wide range of potential molecules. This work presents concepts for simulation-based predictions of material characteristics starting from chemical stuctures. The focus lies on charge transport – be it in microscopic models of amorphous morphologies, lattice models or large-scale device models. An extensive introductory review, which also includes experimental techniques, makes this work interesting for a broad readership. Contents: Organic Semiconductor Devices Experimental Techniques Charge Dynamics at Dierent Scales Computational Methods Energetics and Dispersive Transport Correlated Energetic Landscapes Microscopic, Stochastic and Device Simulations Parametrization of Lattice Models Drift–Diusion with Microscopic Link

Download or read book The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion written by Juan Bisquert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on advanced energy conversion devices such as solar cells has intensified in the last two decades. A broad landscape of candidate materials and devices were discovered and systematically studied for effective solar energy conversion and utilization. New concepts have emerged forming a rather powerful picture embracing the mechanisms and limitation to efficiencies of different types of devices. The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion introduces the main physico-chemical principles that govern the operation of energy devices for energy conversion and storage, with a detailed view of the principles of solar energy conversion using advanced materials. Key Features include: Highlights recent rapid advances with the discovery of perovskite solar cells and their development. Analyzes the properties of organic solar cells, lithium ion batteries, light emitting diodes and the semiconductor materials for hydrogen production by water splitting. Embraces concepts from nanostructured and highly disordered materials to lead halide perovskite solar cells Takes a broad perspective and comprehensively addresses the fundamentals so that the reader can apply these and assess future developments and technologies in the field. Introduces basic techniques and methods for understanding the materials and interfaces that compose operative energy devices such as solar cells and solar fuel converters.

Download or read book Charge Carrier Transport and Injection Across Organic Heterojunctions written by Tsang Sai Wing and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Principles and Applications of Organic Light Emitting Diodes OLEDs written by N. Thejo Kalyani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Applications of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)explores the ways in which the development of organic semiconductor materials is opening up new applications in electronic and optoelectronic luminescent devices. The book begins by covering the principles of luminescence and the luminescent properties of organic semiconductors. It then covers the development of luminescent materials for OLEDs, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of organic versus inorganic luminescent materials. The fabrication and characterization of OLEDs is also covered in detail, including information on, and comparisons of, vacuum deposition and solution techniques. Finally, applications of OLEDs are explored, including OLEDs in solid-state lighting, colored lighting, displays and potential future applications, such as ultra-thin and flexible technologies. This book is an excellent resource both for experts and newcomers to the field of organic optoelectronics and OLEDs. It is ideal for scientists working on optical devices, lighting, display and imaging technologies, and for all those engaged in research in photonics, luminescence and optical materials. Provides a one-stop guide to OLED technology for the benefit of newcomers to the field of organic optoelectronics Comprehensively covers the luminescent properties of organic semiconductors and their development into OLED materials Offers practical information on OLED fabrication and their applications in solid-state lighting and displays, making this essential reading for optoelectronics engineers and materials scientists