Download or read book Oregon s Mule Deer Resources written by Robert U. Mace and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oregon s Mule and Deer Resources written by Oregon--State Game Commission and published by . This book was released on with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oregon s Big Game Resources written by Robert U. Mace and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Test of the Southcentral Oregon Mule Deer Habitat Suitability Index Model written by Donald Gay and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Survival Rates and Cause Specific Mortality of Mule Deer in South Central Oregon written by Elizabeth M. Mulligan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is critical for wildlife managers to understand the population dynamics of a harvested species, particularly for ungulates, which are a valuable wildlife resource. Due to concerns that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in Oregon were declining, more comprehensive data on population vital rates and the factors potentially affecting them were needed by resource managers. To meet this research need, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife implemented a seven year study to investigate habitat use and survival of mule deer in eastern Oregon. From 2005-2012, the agency radiocollared 621 mule deer in south-central Oregon in order to gain more comprehensive information about seasonal movement, seasonal and annual survival, and changes in habitat use for the population. I used the radio-telemetry data from this larger study to investigate mule deer survival rates and cause-specific mortality and the effects of deer seasonal distributions, movement behavior, and environmental factors such as annual and climatic variation. I used known-fate data for 408 adult female radio-collared mule deer to estimate monthly survival rates and to investigate a variety of factors that might affect these rates including seasonal distribution, temporal effects (seasonal, annual, and trends across season and year), movement behavior, and climatic covariates on differing scales. Variation in survival rates for this population of female mule deer in eastern Oregon was best explained by an additive effect of migration behavior, fall migration period, and precipitation levels on individual winter ranges. Survival was significantly higher for migratory deer than residents. Both groups had lower survival during the fall migration period (Oct-Nov) and a positive linear relationship between survival and winter precipitation in individual winter ranges. Annual survival estimates for migrants ranged from 0.81-0.82, which is similar to other findings, but survival rates for residents (0.76- 0.77) were low in comparison to survival rates for adult female mule deer in other parts of their range. I used a nonparametric cumulative incidence function estimator (NPCIFE) to generate annual cumulative incidence functions separately for males and females due to differing risks associated with each sex. The four competing sources of mortality I included in this analysis for males were legal harvest, illegal harvest, predation, and starvation, disease, vehicle or fence-collision combined as one category (i.e., other). For females in investigated predation, human-associated mortality (vehicle or fence), illegal harvest, and natural causes (starvation and disease). Annual risk functions were pooled across all years of the study to maximize sample size. For males, the cumulative risk was highest for legal harvest (0.249, 95%CI=0.172-0.326), with predation the next highest cause of mortality for this sex (0.104, 95%CI=0.042-0.611). For females, the cumulative risk was highest for predation, (0.044, 95%CI=0.028-0.065) with anthropogenic causes (0.038, 95%CI=0.021-0.054) and illegal harvest (0.031, 95%CI=0.17-0.054) also important sources of mortality. Higher monthly survival rates of migrants compared to residents (across all months of the biological cycle) suggested that leaving for potentially higher quality summer foraging grounds outweighed the cost of traveling through unfamiliar habitats and energy expenditure from migration. Conversely, it may also imply that the summer ranges for residents had a negative effect on survival due to habitat quality or human disturbance. Both migrants and residents had lower monthly survival during the fall migration period (Oct - Nov). Female mule deer were excluded from the state-managed bow and rifle hunting season during this study, but females may experience the negative effects of human disturbance associated with fall hunting activities. This time of year is also energetically costly for females, being that some may still be nursing, which could have an additive effect to the energy used to migrate or avoid human disturbance. Winter precipitation also had positive effect on survival for both groups, possibly because increased average winter precipitation resulted in increased winter forage quantity and quality. My results suggest that female survival rates observed during my study are on the low end of the range reported for this species and may be contributing to population declines of mule deer in Oregon. Annual estimates of male survival were also low, but it is unclear how that might contribute to overall population declines without more information on annual and seasonal variation in male survival. Surprisingly, I observed high levels of illegal harvest on female deer and evidence that female survival during the fall migration period, which overlaps Oregon's legal harvest season, was lower than other times of the year. It is unclear why the fall migration period negatively affects both migrants and resident deer similarly, but future research should attempt to determine the specific factors that are negatively impacting mule deer survival during this time period in south-central Oregon. In addition, as human development in the area continues to grow, it is important to consider migration paths and the habitat quality of both summer and winter ranges. My results suggested that conditions may differ between summer ranges in particular, for residents vs. migrants, and understanding these differences may be the key to increasing survival of female mule deer in Oregon. Sharing information from this study with law enforcement and the general public may be the first step towards increasing awareness of, and thereby reducing, the relatively high levels of illegal harvest I documented for the female population. Future research should focus on investigating the differences in habitat quality for residents versus migrants, the factors that decrease survival during fall migration for both groups, and the social and economic factors that contribute to the illegal harvest of female mule deer in eastern Oregon.
Download or read book Winema National Forest N F Land and Resource s Management Plan LRMP written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Starkey Project written by Michael J. Wisdom and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitats Habitat Use Food Habits and Population Characteristics of Mule Deer Inhabiting a Mountain Foothill Winter Range in Northeastern Oregon written by Timothy S. Bodurtha and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oregon s Mule Deer written by Robert U. Mace and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Birth Site Selection and Neonate Survival of Mule Deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon written by Danielle R. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mule deer (Odecoilius hemionus) populations have been in decline in recent decades for a variety of reasons including habitat loss, disease, and competition. We were interested in what factors influence survival of neonatal mule deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Individuals should select resources to increase fitness; therefore, females should select parturition sites with characteristics that have the potential to increase survival of their neonates. We examined what habitat characteristics females selected at birth sites as well as how those selected characteristics affected neonate survival. Additionally, we were interested in how changes in forage quality, maternal condition, climate, maternal age, and physical characteristics of neonates affected their survival. We conducted our research at Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast, Oregon, primarily in the Main study area. We captured adult females during the winters of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, and fitted them with GPS collars as well as inserting vaginally implanted transmitters. When parturition occurred in May and June, we located neonates and birth sites. Neonates were fitted with expandable collars so that we could monitor mortality. We measured metatarsus length, chest girth, and weight for adults and neonates. Additionally, we quantified body condition, measured maximum rump fat, and measured the jaw and body length of adults. At birth sites and 2 adjacent random sites, we measured overstory and hiding cover, the number of trees and shrubs, the distance to the nearest transition in vegetation type, and aspect. We determined selection of habitat characteristics at birth sites with resource selection functions using a mixed effects logistic regression. We chose our best model based on Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size. Our best model included significant parameters indicating selection for south facing slopes, increased overstory cover, and increased amounts of woody debris. We modeled neonate survival until weaning using the nest survival module in program MARK. We included different age trends to determine how survival changed. Survival from birth to weaning was 0.3169 (SE 0.706) and did not differ between years. Our best model indicated that survival changed daily from birth to day 30 and then began to stabilize and change weekly until weaning. Additionally our best model included a parameter for birth sites located on south facing slopes. Our results indicate that neonates born on south facing slopes have higher survival rates than those born in other locations. South facing slopes in this montane forested ecosystem are warmer and drier, providing a more stable microclimate for neonates who are born with few energy reserves. South facing slopes likely allow neonates to minimize energy use, which may increase their survival. Results from birth site selection analysis indicates that females selected habitat characteristics that increase hiding cover, potentially decreasing mortality by reducing predation events at birth sites. A better understanding of how deer select habitat characteristics to increase survival as well as what factors increase susceptibility to mortality allows for better management of populations. Management strategies that account for factors influencing survival will be better suited to counter population declines across the west.
Download or read book Revision of the Resource Management Plans of the Western Oregon Bureau of Land Management Districts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southeast Oregon Resource Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mule Deer Conservation written by James C. DeVos and published by Jack H. Berryman Institute Press Utah State University. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fremont National Forest N F Land and Resource s Management Plan LRMP written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mule Deer Population Trend in Oregon by Wildlife Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oregon s Wild Life Resource written by Oregon State Planning Board and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
