Download or read book Optimization of Space Debris Collision Avoidance Maneuver written by Priyatharsan Rajasekar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The rising population of space debris poses a collision hazard to active satellites functioning in their orbits around the Earth. Often these satellites are required to perform orbital maneuvers to avoid high-energy collision with space debris. In addition to maintaining a safe proximity from the approaching debris during the time of closest approach, it is crucial to ensure that the satellite must then be brought back to its nominal orbit. This requires execution of additional orbital maneuvers and optimizing these maneuvers is important so that the impact on the mission life is minimal. Therefore, a framework of minimum-fuel orbital maneuvers in the context of finding an optimal trajectory considering both collision avoidance and orbit re-entry is desired. Most of the previous research work was focused only on optimization of orbital maneuver for collision avoidance. In this study, trajectory optimization for both maneuver processes is attempted using an evolutionary algorithm for which two methods: three-impulse method and two-impulse method, are developed and investigated. The three-impulse method is established as a two-stage maneuver process. In the first maneuver stage, a small impulse is applied to alter the course of the satellite in order to avoid the predicted collision. The second stage involves a bi-impulse maneuver that will take the satellite back to its nominal orbit after bypassing the obstacle. This bi-impulsive maneuver is estimated using the solutions of the well-known Lambert's problem. The design of the two-impulse method, on the other hand, is more straightforward which involves determining the optimal transfer orbit by just solving the Lambert's problem while the constraints are satisfied to an acceptable level. The proposed methods are tested for a high-risk collision predicted in a Low Earth Orbit while the test involves accurate numerical propagation taking into account the Earth zonal harmonics and the attraction from other bodies (Sun and Moon). The numerical simulations demonstrate that the conjunction could be mitigated satisfying the minimum-fuel objective and the satellite-safety constraints." --

Download or read book Trajectory Optimization for Spacecraft Collision Avoidance written by Air Force Institute of Technology and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last several decades have resulted in an unfortunate byproduct of space exploration and development: orbital debris. Satellites in Low Earth Orbit have been required to make an ever increasing number of course corrections in order to avoid collisions. Despite efforts to the contrary, collisions continue to occur, each time creating additional debris and increasing the requirement for the remaining satellites to maneuver. Every required maneuver decreases a satellite's service life. The purpose of this study is to develop a minimum thrust profile to maneuver an orbiting satellite out of its projected error ellipse before a collision occurs. For comparison, both the impulsive and continuous thrust cases were considered as well as in-plane versus out-of plane maneuvering. This study made use of the Radau Pseudospectral Method to develop this minimum thrust profile. This method was run in MATLAB(r) using General Pseudospectral Optimal Control Software (GPOPS-II). Once the optimal solution was obtained, Systems Tool Kit(r) was used to simulate the resulting calculated trajectories and confirm avoidance of the error ellipse.

Download or read book Safety Design for Space Operations written by Tommaso Sgobba and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-03-24 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter deals with some key topics of orbital safety. It starts with an overview of the issue of space traffic control and space situational awareness, and then proceeds to address conjunction analyses and collision avoidance maneuvers (CAM), including for the International Space Station. Another kind of collision risk discussed is the jettison of discarded hardware. The chapter then covers rendezvous and docking/berthing operations. Collision safety risks, their causes and consequences, and the measures for protection are discussed in detail. The chapter also covers the issues of space vehicles charging and contamination hazards, including the shock hazard for astronauts involved in extravehicular activities. Finally, the chapter presents end-of life mitigation measures and techniques for space debris removal, such as space tugs, drag devices and electrodynamic propulsion.

Download or read book Space Program written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Space Debris written by Heiner Klinkrad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future evolution of the debris environment will be forecast on the basis of traffic models and possible hazard mitigation practices. The text shows how large trackable objects will have re-entry pinpointed and predictions made on related risk assessment for possible ground impact. Models will also be described for meteoroids which are also a prevailing risk.

Download or read book Numerical And Analytical Solutions To Rapid Collision Avoidance Maneuvers Constrained By Mission Performance Requirements written by Jason Reiter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collision avoidance maneuvers to prevent orbital collisions between two catalogued objects are typically planned multiple days in advance. If the warning time is decreased to less than half-an-orbit in advance, the problem becomes more complex. Typically, the maneuver (assumed to be impulsive) would be placed at perigee or apogee and oriented in the direction that allows for a fuel-optimal maneuver to be performed well before the predicted collision. Instead, for rapid collision avoidance scenarios, finite burn propagation was applied to determine the thrust duration and direction required to reach a desired minimum collision probability. Determining the thrust time and direction for a wide range of orbits and spacecraft properties results in a semi-analytical solution to the collision avoidance problem anywhere in Low-Earth Orbit. The speed at which this method can be applied makes it valuable when minimal time is available to perform such a maneuver. For many spacecraft missions, even the slightest change in the orbit of the spacecraft may significantly affect its ability to perform to its required specifications. With the high volume of debris in orbit, debris-creating events could occur with no advanced notice, making rapid collision avoidance scenarios a real possibility. Care must be taken to ensure that any potential collision is avoided while minimizing the effect of the maneuver on the spacecraft's mission performance. Assuming perfect knowledge of the states of all objects and that the possible collisions occur at high relative velocities, the required thrusting time to achieve a desired collision probability is found. Varying the desired collision probability, the resulting changes in the required thrust duration time (and, thus, fuel use) can be observed, providing options for trading the fuel use and likelihood of a collision. Additionally, both of these variables contribute directly to the ability of the spacecraft to perform to the desired mission specifications. As the collision probability threshold and required burn time increase, the mission performance decreases. The level of robustness necessary in the mission specifications can be used to limit the desired collision probability threshold. This is accomplished by determining the time and fuel required to perform the collision avoidance maneuver to the desired probability level and analyzing the effect of the time spent away from the mission orbit and the quantity of fuel required to perform the maneuver on the mission performance. It was found that, for notification times less than around 20 minutes, it is best to decrease the collision probability as much as the available fuel will allow without regard for the time duration of the maneuver. As the notification time increases past 20 minutes, more emphasis can be placed on the time required to perform the entire maneuver and it was found that simultaneously minimizing the maneuver time and collision probability outweighed the slight extra fuel required for such a maneuver. Such analysis would prove significant in real-time spacecraft operations when determining an optimal collision probability threshold (typically a subjective variable) for rapid collision avoidance scenarios.

Download or read book Spacecraft Collision Avoidance Technology written by Zhang Rongzhi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft Collision Avoidance Technology presents the theory and practice of space collision avoidance. The title gives models of time and space environment, their impact on high-precision orbit prediction, considers optimal orbit determination methods and models in different warning stages, and establishes basic models for warning and avoidance. Chapters present an outline of spacecraft collision warning strategy, elaborate on the basics of orbital calculation for collision avoidance, consider space object detection technology, detail space environment and object orbit, give a method for spacecraft collision warning orbit calculation, and finally, demonstrate a strategy for spacecraft collision warning and avoidance. Presents strategies, methods and real-world examples relating to space collision avoidance Considers time and space environment models in orbit prediction Gives optimal orbit determination methods and models for various warning stages Establishes and elaborates basic models for warning and avoidance Takes note of the current space environment for object detection and collision avoidance

Download or read book Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.

Download or read book Protecting the Space Shuttle from Meteoroids and Orbital Debris written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-09 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The space shuttle orbiter has already been struck many times by small meteoroids and orbital debris, but it has not been damaged severely. There is a real risk, however, that a meteoroid or debris impact could one day force the crew to abort a mission or might result in loss of life or loss of the shuttle itself. Protecting the Space Shuttle from Meteoroids and Orbital Debris assesses the magnitude of the problem and suggests changes that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration can make to reduce the risk to the shuttle and its crew. December

Download or read book Space Debris Peril written by Matteo Madi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides up-to-date knowledge of space debris and valuable insights on how to grapple with this issue from legal, technical, economical and societal aspects. I would strongly recommend that everyone who is working on space development and utilizations and even non-specialists once read this book and think over how human being should be faced with this issue." –Prof. Shinichi Nakasuka, University of Tokyo, Japan Space Debris Peril: Pathways to Opportunities takes readers through the wide spectrum of problems created by space debris – including technical, political, legal and socio-economical aspects – and suggests ways to mitigate its negative consequences and create new opportunities. With chapter contributions from authors at world-renowned universities, private or public entities, and research institutes active in the field of space debris mitigation, space policy and law, risk and resilience, liability and insurance, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject helping the reader to grasp the whole picture of the current space debris remediation challenges. This book will be of interest to the scientific communities, policy makers, business developers, (re)insurers and international standards developers for space operations and orbital debris mitigation. Also, it should appeal to a broader audience among non-specialists in various sectors and the general public. Key features: Brings together interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic in one, cohesive book Chapter contributions from specialists in this interdisciplinary field from around the globe Up-to-date information with the latest developments

Download or read book Modeling and Optimization in Space Engineering written by Giorgio Fasano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-10 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents advanced case studies that address a range of important issues arising in space engineering. An overview of challenging operational scenarios is presented, with an in-depth exposition of related mathematical modeling, algorithmic and numerical solution aspects. The model development and optimization approaches discussed in the book can be extended also towards other application areas. The topics discussed illustrate current research trends and challenges in space engineering as summarized by the following list: • Next Generation Gravity Missions • Continuous-Thrust Trajectories by Evolutionary Neurocontrol • Nonparametric Importance Sampling for Launcher Stage Fallout • Dynamic System Control Dispatch • Optimal Launch Date of Interplanetary Missions • Optimal Topological Design • Evidence-Based Robust Optimization • Interplanetary Trajectory Design by Machine Learning • Real-Time Optimal Control • Optimal Finite Thrust Orbital Transfers • Planning and Scheduling of Multiple Satellite Missions • Trajectory Performance Analysis • Ascent Trajectory and Guidance Optimization • Small Satellite Attitude Determination and Control • Optimized Packings in Space Engineering • Time-Optimal Transfers of All-Electric GEO Satellites Researchers working on space engineering applications will find this work a valuable, practical source of information. Academics, graduate and post-graduate students working in aerospace, engineering, applied mathematics, operations research, and optimal control will find useful information regarding model development and solution techniques, in conjunction with real-world applications.

Download or read book Orbital Debris Technical Issues and Future Directions written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Orbital Debris written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-07-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown. Spacecraft performing communications, navigation, scientific, and other missions now share Earth orbit with spent rocket bodies, nonfunctional spacecraft, fragments from spacecraft breakups, and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and evaluates approaches to reducing that growth. Orbital Debris offers clear recommendations for targeted research on the debris population, for methods to improve the protection of spacecraft, on methods to reduce the creation of debris in the future, and much more.

Download or read book Orbital Debris A Chronology written by David S. F. Portree and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 37-year (1961-1998) history of orbital debris concerns. Tracks orbital debris hazard creation, research, observation, experimentation, management, mitigation, protection, and policy. Includes debris-producing, events; U.N. orbital debris treaties, Space Shuttle and space station orbital debris issues; ASAT tests; milestones in theory and modeling; uncontrolled reentries; detection system development; shielding development; geosynchronous debris issues, including reboost policies: returned surfaces studies, seminar papers reports, conferences, and studies; the increasing effect of space activities on astronomy; and growing international awareness of the near-Earth environment.

Download or read book Trajectory Optimization for Spacecraft Collision Avoidance written by James W. Sales and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Space Data Management written by Agostino Cortesi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Orbital Debris written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: