Download or read book Optimazation of hydraulic fracturing in tight gas reservoirs with alternative fluid written by Faisal Mehmood and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the finite nature of petroleum resources and depletion of conventional reservoirs, the exploitation of unconventional resources has been a key to meeting world energy needs. Natural gas, a cleaner fossil fuel compared to oil and coal, has an increasing role in the energy mix. It is expected that the peak global natural gas production will remain between 3.7-6.1 trillion m3 per year between 2019 and 2060. Therefore, addressing the technical challenges posed by reservoir exploitation technologies in an environmentally responsible manner is critical for efficient energy production and energy secure of the world.
Download or read book Optimization of Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment for Maximization of the Tight Gas Productivity written by Mengting Li and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is essential technology for the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas. So far, there are no numerical tools which can optimize the whole process from geological modeling, hydraulic fracturing until production simulation with the same 3D model with consideration of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. In this dissertation, a workflow and a numerical tool chain were developed for design and optimization of multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well regarding a maximum productivity of the tight gas wellbore. After the verification a full 3D reservoir model is generated based on a real tight gas field in the North German Basin. Through analysis of simulation results, a new calculation formula of FCD was proposed, which takes the proppant position and concentration into account and can predict the gas production rate more accurately. However, not only FCD but also proppant distribution and hydraulic connection of stimulated fractures to the well, geological structure and the interaction between fractures are determinant for the gas production volume. Through analysis the numerical results of sensitivity analysis and optimization variations, there is no unique criterion to determine the optimal number and spacing of the fractures, it should be analyzed firstly in detail to the actual situation and decided then from case to case.
Download or read book Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing in a Tight Gas Reservoir Using Artificial Neural Network written by Hasna Abdullah Al-shuaibiyah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations written by Ahmed Alzahabi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shale gas and/or oil play identification is subject to many screening processes for characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and brittleness. Evaluating shale gas and/or oil reservoirs and identifying potential sweet spots (portions of the reservoir rock that have high-quality kerogen content and brittle rock) requires taking into consideration multiple rock, reservoir, and geological parameters that govern production. The early determination of sweet spots for well site selection and fracturing in shale reservoirs is a challenge for many operators. With this limitation in mind, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations develops an approach to improve the industry’s ability to evaluate shale gas and oil plays and is structured to lead the reader from general shale oil and gas characteristics to detailed sweet-spot classifications. The approach uses a new candidate selection and evaluation algorithm and screening criteria based on key geomechanical, petrophysical, and geochemical parameters and indices to obtain results consistent with existing shale plays and gain insights on the best development strategies going forward. The work introduces new criteria that accurately guide the development process in unconventional reservoirs in addition to reducing uncertainty and cost.
Download or read book New numerical approaches to model hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoirs with consideration of hydro mechanical coupling effects written by Lei Zhou and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, two new numerical approaches for hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoir were developed. A more physical-based numerical 3D-model was developed for simulating the whole hydraulic fracturing process including fracture propagation, closure and contact as well as proppant transport and settling. In this approach rock formation, pore and fracture systems were assembled together, in which hydro-mechanical coupling effect, proppant transport and settling as well as their influences on fracture closure and contact were fully considered. A combined FDM and FVM schema was used to solve the problem. Three applications by using the new approach were presented. The results illustrated the whole hydraulic fracturing process well and seemed to be logical, which confirmed the ability of the developed approach to model the in-situ hydraulic fracturing operation from injection start till fully closure. In order to investigate the orientation problem of hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoir, a new approach for simulating arbitrary fracture propagation and orientation in 2D was developed. It was solved by a hybrid schema of XFEM and FVM. Three numerical studies were illustrated, which proved the ability of the developed approach to solve the orientation problem in field cases.
Download or read book Optimizing Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment Integrating Geomechanical Analysis and Reservoir Simulation for a Fractured Tight Gas Reservoir Tarim Basin China written by Feng Gui and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimizing Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment Integrating Geomechanical Analysis and Reservoir Simulation for a Fractured Tight Gas Reservoir, Tarim Basin, China.
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing written by Michael Berry Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing effectively busts the myths associated with hydraulic fracturing. It explains how to properly engineer and optimize a hydraulically fractured well by selecting the right materials, evaluating the economic benefits of the project, and ensuring the safety and success of the people, environment, and equipment. From data estimation
Download or read book Electrohydraulic Fracturing of Rocks written by Christian La Borderie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new fracturing technique that should be considered as a potential alternative, or a companion technique, to hydraulic fracturing of tight gas reservoirs and low permeability rock masses. As opposed to hydraulic fracturing which generates a few numbers of large cracks, electro-hydraulic fracturing induces diffuse micro-cracking and fragmentation of rocks. Laboratory tests demonstrate that increases of permeability by two orders of magnitude can be reached, without major cracking in tested specimens. This book discusses the principles of this new technique, reports experiments which have been developed is order to prove the concept and finally describes the numerical model from which the potentialities of this technique in representative reservoir conditions can be assessed.
Download or read book Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling features the latest strategies for exploiting depleted and unconventional petroleum rock formations as well as simulating associated gas flow mechanisms. The book covers a broad range of multivarious stimulation methods currently applied in practice. It introduces new stimulation techniques including a comprehensive description of interactions between formation/hydraulic fracturing fluids and the host rock material. It provides further insight into practices aimed at advancing the operation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and can be used either as a standalone resource or in combination with other related literature. The book can serve as a propaedeutic resource and is appropriate for those seeking rudimentary information on the exploitation of ultra-impermeable oil and gas reservoirs. Professionals and researchers in the field of petroleum, civil, oil and gas, geotechnical and geological engineering who are interested in the production of unconventional petroleum resources as well as students undertaking studies in similar subject areas will find this to be an instructional reference.
Download or read book Multivariate and Multiple Criteria Optimisation of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Md Motiur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation and Effect of Fracturing Fluids on Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test written by Juan Correa Castro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional gas has become an important resource to help meet our future energy demands. Although plentiful, it is difficult to produce this resource, when locked in a massive sedimentary formation. Among all unconventional gas resources, tight gas sands represent a big fraction and are often characterized by very low porosity and permeability associated with their producing formations, resulting in extremely low production rate. The low flow properties and the recovery factors of these sands make necessary continuous efforts to reduce costs and improve efficiency in all aspects of drilling, completion and production techniques. Many of the recent improvements have been in well completions and hydraulic fracturing. Thus, the main goal of a hydraulic fracture is to create a long, highly conductive fracture to facilitate the gas flow from the reservoir to the wellbore to obtain commercial production rates. Fracture conductivity depends on several factors, such as like the damage created by the gel during the treatment and the gel clean-up after the treatment. This research is focused on predicting more accurately the fracture conductivity, the gel damage created in fractures, and the fracture cleanup after a hydraulic fracture treatment under certain pressure and temperature conditions. Parameters that alter fracture conductivity, such as polymer concentration, breaker concentration and gas flow rate, are also examined in this study. A series of experiments, using a procedure of "dynamical fracture conductivity test," were carried out. This procedure simulates the proppant/frac fluid slurries flow into the fractures in a low-permeability rock, as it occurs in the field, using different combinations of polymer and breaker concentrations under reservoirs conditions. The result of this study provides the basis to optimize the fracturing fluids and the polymer loading at different reservoir conditions, which may result in a clean and conductive fracture. Success in improving this process will help to decrease capital expenditures and increase the production in unconventional tight gas reservoirs.
Download or read book Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is proven to improve their productivity to an extent that has rendered them economically viable. Generally, the stimulation design is a complex process dependent on intertwining factors such as the history of the formation, rock and reservoir fluid type, lithology and structural layout of the formation, cost, time, etc. A holistic grasp of these can be daunting, especially for people without sufficient experience and/or expertise in the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This book presents the key facets integral to producing unconventional resources, and how the different components, if pieced together, can be used to create an integrated stimulation design. Areas covered are as follows: • stimulation methods, • fracturing fluids, • mixing and behavior of reservoir fluids, • assessment of reservoir performance, • integration of surface drilling data, • estimation of geomechanical properties and hydrocarbon saturation, and • health and safety. Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques is an excellent introduction to the subject area of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but it also complements existing information in the same discipline. It is an essential text for higher education students and professionals in academia, research, and the industry.
Download or read book Handbook of Hydraulic Fracturing written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an up-to-date description of current and new hydraulic fracturing processes Details Emerging Technologies such as Fracture Treatment Design, Open Hole Fracturing, Screenless Completions, Sand Control, Fracturing Completions and Productivity Covers Environmental Impact issues including Geological Disturbance; Chemicals used in Fracturing; General Chemicals; Toxic Chemicals; and Air, Water, Land, and Health impacts Provides many process diagrams as well as tables of feedstocks and their respective products
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation in Hydraulic Fracturing Multiphysics Theory and Applications written by Xinpu Shen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expansion of unconventional petroleum resources in the recent decade and the rapid development of computational technology have provided the opportunity to develop and apply 3D numerical modeling technology to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight sand formations. This book presents 3D numerical modeling technologies for hydraulic fracturing developed in recent years, and introduces solutions to various 3D geomechanical problems related to hydraulic fracturing. In the solution processes of the case studies included in the book, fully coupled multi-physics modeling has been adopted, along with innovative computational techniques, such as submodeling. In practice, hydraulic fracturing is an essential project component in shale gas/oil development and tight sand oil, and provides an essential measure in the process of drilling cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is also an essential measure for widened mud weight window (MWW) when drilling through naturally fractured formations; the process of hydraulic plugging is a typical application of hydraulic fracturing. 3D modeling and numerical analysis of hydraulic fracturing is essential for the successful development of tight oil/gas formations: it provides accurate solutions for optimized stage intervals in a multistage fracking job. It also provides optimized well-spacing for the design of zipper-frac wells. Numerical estimation of casing integrity under stimulation injection in the hydraulic fracturing process is one of major concerns in the successful development of unconventional resources. This topic is also investigated numerically in this book. Numerical solutions to several other typical geomechanics problems related to hydraulic fracturing, such as fluid migration caused by fault reactivation and seismic activities, are also presented. This book can be used as a reference textbook to petroleum, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, to senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, and to geologists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists and applied mathematicians working in this field. This book is also a synthetic compendium of both the fundamentals and some of the most advanced aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology.
Download or read book Advanced Hydraulic Fracturing Technology for Unconventional Tight Gas Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to develop and test new techniques for creating extensive, conductive hydraulic fractures in unconventional tight gas reservoirs by statistically assessing the productivity achieved in hundreds of field treatments with a variety of current fracturing practices ranging from 'water fracs' to conventional gel fracture treatments; by laboratory measurements of the conductivity created with high rate proppant fracturing using an entirely new conductivity test - the 'dynamic fracture conductivity test'; and by developing design models to implement the optimal fracture treatments determined from the field assessment and the laboratory measurements. One of the tasks of this project is to create an 'advisor' or expert system for completion, production and stimulation of tight gas reservoirs. A central part of this study is an extensive survey of the productivity of hundreds of tight gas wells that have been hydraulically fractured. We have been doing an extensive literature search of the SPE eLibrary, DOE, Gas Technology Institute (GTI), Bureau of Economic Geology and IHS Energy, for publicly available technical reports about procedures of drilling, completion and production of the tight gas wells. We have downloaded numerous papers and read and summarized the information to build a database that will contain field treatment data, organized by geographic location, and hydraulic fracture treatment design data, organized by the treatment type. We have conducted experimental study on 'dynamic fracture conductivity' created when proppant slurries are pumped into hydraulic fractures in tight gas sands. Unlike conventional fracture conductivity tests in which proppant is loaded into the fracture artificially; we pump proppant/frac fluid slurries into a fracture cell, dynamically placing the proppant just as it occurs in the field. From such tests, we expect to gain new insights into some of the critical issues in tight gas fracturing, in particular the roles of gel damage, polymer loading (water-frac versus gel frac), and proppant concentration on the created fracture conductivity. To achieve this objective, we have designed the experimental apparatus to conduct the dynamic fracture conductivity tests. The experimental apparatus has been built and some preliminary tests have been conducted to test the apparatus.
Download or read book Reuse of Flowback Fluids as Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids in Tight Gas Sand Reservoirs written by Ashkan Haghshenas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing fluids are usually prepared in the field using fresh water. High costs of water acquisition and waste water disposal, and the lack of available water resources near operation sites, make the reuse of produced water an unavoidable option. One of the fluid properties to be considered in investigating the applicability of these fluids as the fracturing base fluid is the total dissolved solids (TDS). The main objectives of the first section of this work are to investigate the feasibility of using produced water in hydraulic fracturing in sandstone fields at reservoir temperatures and study the use of chelating agents to expand the acceptable range of TDS in fracturing base fluids. The effect of salts and chelating agents on the proppant transport and rheological properties of fracturing fluids was examined in detail. A high-pH guar/borate fluid was selected as the base fluid and loaded with different concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diammonium salt (EDTA). The experiments were conducted at 140, 225, and 305°F and a pressure of 300 psi. The results show that the presence of 2 wt% EDTA increased the acceptable maximum limit for TDS content of the base hydraulic fracturing fluid without compromising the performance of the fluid. More than 85% of analyzed flowback fluids from the West Texas region (Ozona, Canyon) were suitable to be used in future jobs with no further treatment regarding ion contents. In the second section, we developed a decision tree to optimize selection of fracturing fluid based on extensive reservoir data obtained from tight sand fields in Texas. We reviewed completion and production reports on 164 wells, from five tight gas sand reservoirs in Texas, that were completed using six different fracturing fluid categories. Bottomhole temperature, reservoir pressure gradient, mechanical strength of barriers above and below the target zone, and pay zone thickness were the six selected variables for this analysis. We could reach the Out-Of-Bag error of 28.54% which seems reasonable with the complex dataset understudy. Bottomhole temperature and Young's modulus of the lower barrier are the most and the least important variables in this process, respectively. CO2/N2/foam assisted hybrid fluid was the best predicted by our model with an error of approximately 20%. The main objectives of this paper are to: (a) to investigate the feasibility of using produced water in hydraulic fracturing in sandstone fields at reservoir temperatures, (b) introduce new techniques to evaluate the flowback fluid and to purify/qualify produced water at high temperatures, and (c) study the use of chelating agents to expand the acceptable range of TDS in fracturing base fluids. The effect of salts and chelating agents on the proppant transport and rheological properties of fracturing fluids was examined in detail. A high-pH guar/borate fluid was selected as the base fluid and loaded with different concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diammonium salt (EDTA). The results help to determine which salts can affect the desirable expectation from the fracturing fluid and how to increase the limits further to be able to use the flowback fluids in future hydraulic fracturing jobs. The thermal stability and viscosity measurements were conducted at 140, 225, and 305°F and a pressure of 300 psi. The static settling tests were run at ambient temperature and 225°F. The results show that the presence of 2 wt% EDTA increased the acceptable maximum limit for TDS content of the base hydraulic fracturing fluid without compromising the performance of the fluid. More than 85% of analyzed flowback fluids from the West Texas region (Ozona, Canyon) were suitable to be used in future jobs with no further treatment regarding ion contents. We developed a decision method to optimize selection of fracturing fluid based on extensive reservoir data obtained from tight sand fields in Texas. The influential reservoir parameters for development of this model were selected based on information obtained from literature, reservoir simulations, and outcome of surveys filled out by fracturing experts. Correlating these variables and the fracturing fluid is a challenging task. We reviewed completion and production reports on 164 wells, from Olmos, Bossier, Morrow, Cotton Valley, and Canyon Sand reservoirs, in Texas, that were completed using six different fracturing fluid categories. Six reservoir parameters were selected for this analysis, including bottom-hole temperature, reservoir pressure gradient, formation permeability and Young's modulus, mechanical strength of barriers above and below the target zone, and pay zone thickness. For this dataset with the mentioned covariates and 164 observations, we could reach the out of sample error rate of 28.54% which seems reasonable with the complex dataset understudy. Bottom-hole temperature, pay zone thickness, and mechanical strength of lower barrier were found to be the most influential parameters for fluid selection which complies with our expectation. Pressure gradient and mechanical strength of the upper barrier were only marginally important in this fracturing fluid selection. CO2, N2, and foam assisted crosslinked gel fluids were best predicted by our model with an error of approximately 20%. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155272
