Download or read book Optimization of Human Cancer Radiotherapy written by G.W. Swan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mathematical models in this book are concerned with a variety of approaches to the manner in which the clinical radiologic treatment of human neoplasms can be improved. These improvements comprise ways of delivering radiation to the malignan cies so as to create considerable damage to tumor cells while sparing neighboring normal tissues. There is no unique way of dealing with these improvements. Accord ingly, in this book a number of different presentations are given. Each presentation has as its goal some aspect of the improvement, or optimization, of radiotherapy. This book is a collection of current ideas concerned with the optimization of human cancer radiotherapy. It is hoped that readers will build on this collection and develop superior approaches for the understanding of the ways to improve therapy. The author owes a special debt of thanks to Kathy Prindle who breezed through the typing of this book with considerable dexterity. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Introduction 1 1. 2 History of Cancer and its Treatment by Radiotherapy 8 1. 3 Some Mathematical Models of Tumor Growth 12 1. 4 Spatial Distribution of the Radiation Dose 20 Chapter 2 SURVIVAL CURVES FROM STATISTICAL MODELS 24 2. 1 Introduction 24 2. 2 The Target Model 26 2. 3 Single-hit-to-kill Model 27 2. 4 Multitarget, Single-hit Survival 29 2. 5 Multitarget, Multihit Survival 31 2. 6 Single-target, Multihit Survival 31 2.
Download or read book Optimization of Human Cancer Radiotherapy written by G W Swan and published by . This book was released on 1981-10-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Cancer Radiotherapy written by Bhudatt R. Paliwal and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 1985 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomathematical Problems in Optimization of Cancer Radiotherapy written by A.Y. Yakovlev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-10-13 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomathematical Problems in Optimization of Cancer Radiotherapy provides insight into the role of cell population heterogeneity in the optimal control of fractionated irradiation of tumors. The book emphasizes the mathematical modeling aspect of the problem and presents the state of the art in the stochastic description of irradiated cell survival. Some of the results are of general theoretical interest and can be applied to other areas of optimal control methodology. Detailed explanations of all mathematical statements are provided throughout the text. The book is excellent for biomathematicians, radiotherapists, oncologists, health physicists, and other researchers and students interested in the topic.
Download or read book Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy written by Anders Brahme and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy has developed and advanced dramatically in the last few decades. However, very little has been published or done in the area of biologically optimized treatment planning. Development of Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy aims to fill and close an important gap in the literature with a well-focused and in-depth content.The book covers the biological, physical and clinical background of advanced biologically based radiation therapy optimization with focus on modern radiation therapy modalities such as electron, photon and light ion therapy. Highly recommended for its strong interdisciplinary profile, the book contains a meritorious compilation of previously unpublished materials in many areas of modern science. Undergraduates, researchers and practitioners such as oncologists, medical physicists and radiation biologists alike should find the book immensely informative and comprehensively thorough.
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Physics written by Alfred R. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a uniquely comprehensive source of information on the entire field of radiation therapy physics. The very significant advances in imaging, computational, and accelerator technologies receive full consideration, as do such topics as the dosimetry of radiolabeled antibodies and dose calculation models. The scope of the book and the expertise of the authors make it essential reading for interested physicians and physicists and for radiation dosimetrists.
Download or read book The Radiobiology of Human Cancer Radiotherapy written by John Robert Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Optimization Under Uncertainty for Lung Cancer written by Laleh Kardar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy is a complex process where a given target volume receives a given dose of radiation divided over one or multiple treatments. Every step in this process can introduce some types of uncertainties into the problem which may compromise the quality of the treatment. Typically, a volume larger than the actual tumor is irradiated to make the treatment more robust against these uncertainties. This comes at the cost of normal tissue irradiation and an increased risk of toxicity. In this dissertation, we investigate approaches to managing uncertainties in radiation therapy treatments for lung cancer patients. In the first part of the dissertation, we focus on the process of designing a treatment plan which involves selecting appropriate beam angles and deciding the right amount of radiation dose to the tumor cells, while sparing the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. Selecting the optimal set of treatment beam angles, called beam angle optimization (BAO), involves a very large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with many local minima. In order to identify an efficient approach to obtain high quality beam angles, we first examine the strengths and weaknesses of some existing BAO optimization methods including both global and local search algorithms. We then propose a hybrid framework to overcome some of the weaknesses observed in these methods. Next, we perform an in-depth study into the impact of interplay effect, which results from relative motion of the tumor and proton beam, on the dose distribution in the patient with lung cancer. The dynamic dose distribution, that provides an estimation of delivered dose under the influence of interplay effect, is calculated by simulating the machine delivery processes on the moving patient described by 4D computed tomography (4DCT) during the dose delivery process by linking timestamps of each on/off switch of proton spots, spills, energies, and fields to patient respiratory cycles. We introduce a clinically applicable metric for clinicians to use for determining the magnitude of the uncertainties caused by interplay effects. We then explore the techniques of fractionation and iso-layered re-scanning for mitigating these interplay effects. In the last part of the dissertation, we develop a robust adaptive optimization framework for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for lung cancer, where temporal variation of tumor volume and its associated uncertainties throughout the course of the treatment are accounted for to re-optimize the treatment plan for the following sessions. This framework gives an insight into the trade-off between sparing the healthy tissues and ensuring that the tumor receives a sufficient dose. With this trade-off in mind, we demonstrate that our robust adaptive solution outperforms a non-adaptive solution and a nominal (no uncertainty) solution on a clinical case.
Download or read book Optimization Approaches for Planning External Beam Radiotherapy written by Halil Ozan Gozbasi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: External beam radiotherapy is delivered from outside the body aimed at cancer cells to damage their DNA making them unable to divide and reproduce. The beams travel through the body and may damage nearby healthy tissues unless carefullyplanned. Therefore, the goal of treatment plan optimization is to find the best system configuration to deliver sufficient dose to target structures while avoiding damage to healthy tissues. This thesis investigates optimization approaches for two external beam radiation therapy techniques: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). We develop an automated treatment planning technology for IMRT which generates several high-quality treatment plans satisfying the provided requirements in a single invocation and without human guidance. Our approach is based on an existing linear programming-based fluence map optimization model that approximates dose-volume requirements using conditional value-at-risk (C-VaR) constraints. We show how the parameters of the C-VaR constraints can be used to control various metrics of treatment plan quality. A novel bi-criteria scoring based beam selection algorithm is developed which finds the best beam configuration at least ten times faster for real-life brain, prostate, and head and neck cases as compared to an exact mixed integer programming model. Patient anatomy changes due to breathing during the treatment of lung cancer need to be considered in treatment planning. To date, a single phase of the breathing cycle is typically selected for treatment and radiation is shut-off in other phases. We investigate optimization technology that finds optimal fluence maps for each phase of the breathing cycle by considering the overall dose delivered to a patient using image registration algorithms to track target structures and organs at risk. Because the optimization exploits the opportunities provided in each phase, better treatment plans are obtained. The improvements are shown on a real-life lung case. VMAT is a recent radiation treatment technology which has the potential to provide treatments in less time compared to other delivery techniques. This enhances patient comfort and allows for the treatment of more patients. We build a large-scale mixed-integer programming model for VMAT treatment plan optimization. The solution of this model is computationally prohibitive. Therefore, we develop an iterative MIP-based heuristic algorithm which solves the model multiple times on a reduced set of decision variables. We introduce valid inequalities that decrease solution times, and, more importantly, that identify higher quality integer solutions within specified time limits. Computational studies on a spinal tumor and a prostate tumor case produce clinically acceptable results.
Download or read book Radiobiology for the Radiologist written by Eric J. Hall and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In print since 1972, this seventh edition of Radiobiology for the Radiologist is the most extensively revised to date. It consists of two sections, one for those studying or practicing diagnostic radiolo, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology; the other for those engaged in the study or clinical practice of radiation oncology--a new chapter, on radiologic terrorism, is specifically for those in the radiation sciences who would manage exposed individuals in the event of a terrorist event. The 17 chapters in Section I represent a general introduction to radiation biology and a complete, self-contained course especially for residents in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine that follows the Syllabus in Radiation Biology of the RSNA. The 11 chapters in Section II address more in-depth topics in radiation oncology, such as cancer biology, retreatment after radiotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents and hyperthermia. Now in full color, this lavishly illustrated new edition is replete with tables and figures that underscore essential concepts. Each chapter concludes with a "summary of pertinent conclusions" to facilitate quick review and help readers retain important information.
Download or read book Cancer Treatment Optimization written by Kyungduck Cha and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates optimization approaches applied to radiation therapy in cancer treatment. Since cancerous cells are surrounded by critical organs and normal tissues, there is conflicting objectives in the treatment design of providing sufficient radiation dose to tumor region, while avoiding normal healthy cells. In general, the goal of radiation therapy is to conform the spatial distribution of the prescribed dose to the tumor volume while minimizing the dose to the surrounding normal structures. A recent advanced technology, using multi-leaf collimator integrated into linear accelerator, provides much better opportunities to achieve this goal: the radiotherapy based on non-uniform radiation beams intensities is called Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy. My dissertation research offers a quadratic mixed integer programming approach to determine optimal beam orientations and beamlets intensity simultaneously. The problems generated from real patient cases are large-scale dense instances due to the physics of dose contributions from beamlets to volume elements. The research highlights computational techniques to improve solution times for these intractable instances. Furthermore, results from this research will provide plans that are clinically acceptable and superior in plan quality, thus directly improve the curity rate and lower the normal tissue complication for cancer patients.
Download or read book Targeted Radionuclide Therapy written by Tod W. Speer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioimmunotherapy, also known as systemic targeted radiation therapy, uses antibodies, antibody fragments, or compounds as carriers to guide radiation to the targets. It is a topic rapidly increasing in importance and success in treatment of cancer patients. This book represents a comprehensive amalgamation of the radiation physics, chemistry, radiobiology, tumor models, and clinical data for targeted radionuclide therapy. It outlines the current challenges and provides a glimpse at future directions. With significant advances in cell biology and molecular engineering, many targeting constructs are now available that will safely deliver these highly cytotoxic radionuclides in a targeted fashion. A companion website includes the full text and an image bank.
Download or read book New Technologies in Radiation Oncology written by Wolfgang C. Schlegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Summarizes the state of the art in the most relevant areas of medical physics and engineering applied to radiation oncology - Covers all relevant areas of the subject in detail, including 3D imaging and image processing, 3D treatment planning, modern treatment techniques, patient positioning, and aspects of verification and quality assurance - Conveys information in a readily understandable way that will appeal to professionals and students with a medical background as well as to newcomers to radiation oncology from the field of physics
Download or read book Locoregional Radionuclide Cancer Therapy written by Franklin C.L. Wong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews locoregional radionuclide cancer therapies (LRCT). Proving an increasingly viable alternative to radiotherapy, radionuclide therapy includes a diversity of choices of well characterized biochemical and physiologic target molecules. The delivery and retention of radionuclides may be monitored by advanced imaging for exact tissue localization and for real-time dosimetry to enable personalized precision medicine. Radiopharmaceuticals in human cancer therapies are typically delivered in systemic routes but can also be designed for locoregional routes to harness pharmacokinetic advantages of higher payload and lower systemic toxicities. This book explores the latest advancements and clinical considerations of the locoregional approach. Throughout the chapters, the clinical and scientific bases of cancer treatment and the locoregional use of radionculides are explored. Mathematical models of radiation dosimetry of locoregional radionculdies on tissues are studied using common models for multiple commercially available radionuclides. Rodent and canine tumor models of LRCT are compared for selected radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. The practical aspects of radiopharmaceuticals production, marketing, transport, as well as radiation protection are reviewed. Finally, the combination of LRCT with immunotherapy and other cancer therapies and prospective future use of LRCT are discussed. This is a guide for practicing nuclear physicians, interventional radiologists, radiation oncologists, radiation scientists, veterinarians and oncologists to expand their knowledge base and to prepare for designing locoregional radionuclide cancer therapies in animals and in humans.
Download or read book Clinical Radiation Pathology written by Philip Rubin and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Online Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization written by Pascal Van Hentenryck and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 2006 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework for online decision making under uncertainty and time constraints, with online stochastic algorithms for implementing the framework, performance guarantees, and demonstrations of a variety of applications.
Download or read book Radiotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma written by Lena Specht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals in detail with all aspects of the best practice in modern radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. It provides the background and rationale for the inclusion of radiotherapy in today’s combined-modality approach, including special clinical situations such as Hodgkin lymphoma in children, in the pregnant patient, and in the elderly. Radiotherapy planning using state-of-the-art imaging, target definition, planning software, and treatment equipment is expounded in detail. Acute and long-term side effects of radiotherapy are analyzed, and the implications for modern radiotherapy approaches in Hodgkin lymphoma are explained.
