Download or read book Optical Properties of Metal Clusters written by Uwe Kreibig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Properties of Metal Clusters deals with the electronic structure of metal clusters determined optically. Clusters - as state intermediate between molecules and the extended solid - are important in many areas, e.g. in air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, heterogeneous catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. This book extends the approaches of optical molecular and solid-state methods to clusters, revealing how their optical properties evolve as a function of size. Cluster matter, i.e. extended systems of many clusters - the most frequently occuring form - is also treated. The combination of reviews of experimental techniques, lists of results and detailed descriptions of selected experiments will appeal to experts, newcomers and graduate students in this expanding field.
Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Properties of Metal Clusters written by Huijun Du and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Study on Nonlinear Optical Properties of Metal Clusters Series written by Ping Ge and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Size selected Supported Metal Clusters Measured by Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy written by Aras Kartouzian and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functionality of Noble Metal Clusters written by Christian Bürgel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Metal Cluster Biomolecule Hybrids written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Size selected Supported Metal Clusters Measured by Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supported size-selected metal clusters have attracted considerable interest due to their special catalytic properties. Optical spectroscopy is a powerful method to characterise the electronic and geometrical properties of such systems. However, observing the optical properties of these small clusters is not trivial and highly sensitive techniques such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), a method previously used to study gas phase samples, are required. An experimental apparatus capable of studying the optical properties of support size-selected metal clusters is presented here for the first time. The metal clusters were prepared using a state-of-the-art laser ablation source, and size selected prior to deposition onto an optically transparent support material. CRDS was adapted for the study of solid samples over an extended wavelength range and used to investigate the size dependent optical properties of supported metal clusters.
Download or read book Ab Initio Simulation of Optical Properties of Noble metal Clusters written by Rajarshi Sinha Roy and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanotechnology written by Harald Fuchs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-16 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only reference book which discusses the usage of nanoprobes for structure determination, in an industry where miniaturisation is the main focus. Designed for newcomers as well as professionals already in the industry.
Download or read book Optical Properties of Small Metal Clusters written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Clusters ; Solid rare-gas matrix ; Silver ; Gold ; Pyridine ; Optical absorption ; Fluorescence ; SERS ; Vacuum ; Cryogen.
Download or read book Atoms Molecules and Clusters in Electric Fields written by George Maroulis and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the central importance of electric polarizability and hyperpolarizability for a wide spectrum of activities, this book charts the trends in the accurate theoretical determination of these properties in specialized fields. The contributions include reviews and original papers that extend from methodology to applications in specific areas of primary importance such as cluster science and organic synthesis of molecules with specific properties.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Atomic Nanoclusters written by Julio A. Alonso and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic clusters are aggregates of atoms containing a few to several thousand atoms. Due to the small size of these pieces of matter, the properties of atomic clusters in general are different from those of the corresponding material in the macroscopic bulk phase. This monograph presents the main developments of atomic clusters and the current status of the field. The book treats different types of clusters with very different properties: clusters in which the atoms or molecules are tied by weak van der Waals interactions, metallic clusters, clusters of ionic materials, and network clusters made of typical covalent elements. It includes methods of experimental cluster synthesis as well as the structural, electronic, thermodynamic and magnetic properties of clusters, covering both experiments and the theoretical work that has led to our present understanding of the different properties of clusters. The question of assembling nanoclusters to form solids with new properties is also considered. Having an adequate knowledge of the properties of clusters can be of great help to any scientist working with objects of nanometric size. On the other hand, nanoclusters are themselves potentially important in fields like catalysis and nanomedicine.
Download or read book Protected Metal Clusters From Fundamentals to Applications written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-09-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. As this class of materials is now emerging as a result of breakthroughs in synthesis and characterization that have taken place over the last few years, the book provides the first reference with a focus on these exciting novel nanomaterials, explaining their formation, and how, and why, they play an important role in the future of molecular electronics, catalysis, sensing, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and therapy. Surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. Provides well-organized, tutorial style chapters that are ideal for teaching and self-study In-depth descriptions by top scientists in the field Presents the state-of-the art of protected metal clusters and their future prospects
Download or read book Optics and Structure of Metal Clusters at the Atomic Scale written by Alfredo Campos Otero and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that the optical properties of nanoparticles of noble metals, in particular gold and silver, deviate strongly from those of macroscopic metals. For sizes between ten and a few hundred nanometers, they are dominated by surface plasmons (SPs) described by purely classical models. On the other hand, clusters of a few tens of atoms behave like quantum systems inducing new optical behaviors. The structure of the nanoparticles and the dielectric environment can affect the optical properties. In this thesis I used a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) fitted with an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS) to measure, in parallel, the optical and structural properties of individual nanoparticles. I present how complementary experiments (STEM-EELS and optical absorption) on sizeselected small silver nanoparticles embedded in silica yield at first inconsistent results: while optical absorption shows no size-effect in the range between only a few atoms and ~10 nm, a clear spectral shift is observed in STEM-EELS technique. Our quantitative interpretation, based on a mixed classical/quantum model which takes into account all the relevant quantum effects, resolves the apparent contradictions, not only within our experimental data, but also in the literature. Our comprehensive model describes how the local environment is the crucial parameter controlling the manifestation or absence of quantum size effects. Secondly, I was interested in the purely classical region through lithographed structures of a few hundred nanometers. Although triangular plasmonic cavities have been widely studied in the literature, a classification in terms of plasmonic modes of breathing and edge was missing. In this study, experimental STEM-EELS results, analytical models and classical simulations enabled us to describe the nature of the different modes.
Download or read book Metal Clusters at Surfaces written by Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-04-05 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous experiments and calculations have shown that isolated metal clusters possess many interesting features, quite different from those known from surface and solid- state physics or from atomic and molecular physics. The technological exploitation of these new properties, e.g. in miniature electronic or mechanical components, requires the cluster to be brought into an environment such as an encapsulating matrix or a surface. Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of the clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.
Download or read book Structure correlated Optical Properties of Monolayer protected Metal Clusters Studied Through Magneto optical and Time resolved Spectroscopies written by Patrick John Herbert and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magneto-optical (MO) and femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopies have been employed to study the electronic structure and relaxation dynamics of atomically precise monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs). To begin, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy was introduced and employed to characterize the excitation spectrum of the Au102(pMBA)44 and Au25(PET)18 clusters. It is demonstrated through variable-temperature variable-field (VTVH ) MCD analysis of the Au102(pMBA)44 cluster that: a) the optical properties of distinct structural motifs within MPCs are individually spectroscopically addressable; and b) MO spectroscopy provides the quantification of necessary electronic structure parameters to sufficiently characterize these systems. Electronic structure parameters determined through VTVH analysis, of note, are Land g-factors, fine structure splitting energies, and Faraday Term contributions to the optical magnetic response. From VTVH -MCD study of the Au102(pMBA)44 cluster, the long-contended mechanism for previously observed low temperature magnetism in nanoscale gold was addressed.Having demonstrated the usefulness of VTVH -MCD spectroscopy, the emission analogue, magnetic circular photoluminescence (MCPL) spectroscopy was developed. It was shown through study of the Au25(PET)18 cluster that VTVH -MCPL retains the fundamental formalism and information content of VTVH -MCD. The application of these electronic structure parameters to transient dynamics were utilized in determining the state-resolved mechanism for Au25(PET)18 PL. From this PL mechanism, state-resolved carrier relaxation pathways correlated to superatom-based emission and metal-to-ligand charge transfer emission were characterized. Incorporated into the PL mechanism for Au25(PET)18 were spectroscopic term symbols and fine structure splittings as quantified through VTVH -MCPL analysis. A relation between superatom-based emission to plasmon-mediated emission in larger Au systems was proposed. Next, the influence of structural modification of the Au25(PET)18 cluster on the emission-related carrier dynamics was studied through VTVH -MCPL and VT-PL spectroscopy. To begin, the effect of metal doping to the Au25(PET)18 icosahedral core was studied through analysis of the PdAu24(PET)18 cluster. The PdAu24(PET)18 cluster exhibited significantly lower superatom-based emission intensity, and resulting global PL yield, relative to the Au25(PET)18 cluster. Land g-factor determination and electronic-vibrational coupling analyses suggests that the observation of low emission yield was related to strong coupling to nonradiative channels due to emission from high angular momenta states. The increase in angular momenta was related to spin-orbit coupling interactions between the Pd dopant and surrounding Au icosahedron. Next, the carrier dynamics of the Au25(PET)18 cluster were compared to different sized clusters, namely Au20(PET)15 and Au38(SC12H25)24. Cluster-specific, temperature-dependent PL intensity behaviors were related to size-dependent fine structure energies. In particular, the observation of increased PL intensity for the Au20(PET)15 was related to fine structure resonant, vibrationally mediated energy transfer. The final portion of this thesis focuses on understanding electronic coupling dynamics in MPC dimers. Samples of Au20(PET)15 MPC dimers were formed utilizing a n-ethylene glygol dimethyl ether (n-glyme) molecular bridge. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy was utilized to probe the excited-state dynamics for Au20(PET)15-n-glyme-Au20(PET)15 dimers. Effective intercluster separation was controlled using variable length n-glyme, where n = di-, tri-, and tetra-, bridging molecules. A separation-dependent dimer-specific carrier relaxation channel was observed with time constants of 130 20, 60 8, and 36 6 ps for the n = di-, tri- and tetra- dimers, respectively. The increased relaxation time has been attributed to intercluster separation-dependent stabilization of dimer-specific relaxation states. This dimer-specific relaxation channel was further investigated using VTVH -MCPL spectroscopy. VTVH analysis of the dimer PL quantified primarily B-term contributions to the differential response indicating strong coupling between degenerate states. This assignment was in agreement with previous VTVH -MCD studies of polynuclear Au(I)-centered complexes. The results implicated coupling between degenerate Au(I) atoms located in the inorganic semiring units of each cluster as the primary source for emergent dimer carrier dynamics.
Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by James A. Schwarz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
