Download or read book Optical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols Measured During FLAME 4 written by Rudra Prasad Pokhrel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical properties of biomass burning aerosol at three different wavelengths (405, 532, and 660 nm) have been measured during the Fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), which took place at the Fire Science Laboratory in Missoula, Montana, in October and November, 2012. During the experiment, absorption and extinction coefficients of aerosol emissions from biomass burning were measured. A photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) measured the absorption coefficient of dry and denuded aerosol while a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) measured the extinction coefficient of dry and denuded aerosol. During the experiment, a wide range of fuels that represent significant sources of biomass emissions from different parts of world were burned. Fuels included trees, grasses, shrubs and peat. Fuels were burned in two different ways namely stack burns which allowed for measurements during different phases of the burn (flaming vs. smoldering) and room burns which allowed for detailed measurements of well mixed smoke from all phases of the fire. Single scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption angstrom exponent (AAE) values for the biomass burning aerosols have been calculated are now represented. Eight fuels were combusted during 20 individual stack burns and 12 fuels were analyzed during 21 room burns. Parameterizations of SSA and AAE as functions of modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and a proxy for the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon mass (BC:OA proxy) have been developed. The BC:OA proxy is found to shown better correlation to both SSA and AAE than does MCE. Combined of the stack and room burn results (41 individual burns and 12 different fuels) show that the BC:OA proxy can explain 94% of the variability in SSA and 70 % of the variability in AAE while MCE can only explain 40 % and 54 % of the variability in SSA and AAE, respectively.
Download or read book Optical and Physical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantification of Absorption Due to Black and Brown Carbon from Biomass Burning and Parameterizations for Comparison to Climate Models Result written by Rudra Prasad Pokhrel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the optical properties of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols, parameterization of these properties, and development of new instrumentation and calibration techniques to measure aerosol optical properties. Data sets were collected from the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) that took place from October 15 to November 16, 2012. Biomass collected from the various parts of the world were burned under controlled laboratory conditions and fresh emissions from different stages of burning were measured and analyzed. Optical properties of aged aerosol under different conditions was also explored. A photoacoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) was built and integrated with a newly designed thermal denuder to improve upon observations made during Flame-4. A novel calibration technique for the PAS was developed. Single scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) from 12 different fuels with 41 individual burns were estimated and parameterized with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and the ratio of elemental carbon (EC) to organic carbon (OC) mass. The EC / OC ratio has better capability to parameterize SSA and AAE than MCE. The simple linear regression model proposed in this study accurately predicts SSA during the first few hours of plume aging with the ambient data from a biomass burning event. In addition, absorption due to brown carbon (BrC) can significantly lower the SSA at 405 nm resulting in a wavelength dependence of SSA. Furthermore, smoldering dominated burns have larger AAE values while flaming dominated burns have smaller AAE values indicating a large fraction of BrC is emitted during the smoldering stage of the burn. Enhancement in BC absorption (E[superscript]A[superscript]b[superscript]s) due to coating by absorbing and non-absorbing substances is estimated at 405 nm and 660 nm. Relatively smaller values of E[superscript]A[superscript]b[superscript]s at 660 nm compared to 405 nm suggests lensing is a less important contributor to biomass burning aerosol absorption at lower wavelengths. Multiple burns of the same fuel produced significantly different E[superscript]A[superscript]b[superscript]s values at 405 nm, but show good correlation with the EC/OC ratio indicating less dependency on fuel type and more dependency on burn conditions. In addition, absorption due to BrC can contribute up to 92 % of the total biomass burning aerosol absorption at 405 nm and up to 58 % of the total absorption at 532 nm. Indicating BrC absorption in biomass burning emissions is equally or more important than the absorption due to BC at short wavelengths. Furthermore, fractional absorption due to BrC shows reasonably good correlation with EC/OC ratio and AAE.Primary organic aerosol is found to be more volatile than secondary organic aerosol and it is found that the thermal denuder deployed in this study removes less organic aerosol if secondary organic aerosol is present. SSA at 532 nm remains constant during different conditions of aging while SSA at 405 nm increases under certain conditions suggesting the degradation of BrC. Decreases in AAE under the same experiment further support the proposed BrC degradation. The novel thermal denuder designed completely removes non-refractory material and can be used under higher flow rates (maximum of 5 LPM) than the most commercially available thermal denuders. The new calibration techniques proposed for the photoacousitc absorption spectrometer will reduce uncertainty during calibration compared to the conventional calibration methods.
Download or read book Optical Properties of Aerosol Emitted from Indoor Biomass Burning Cookstoves written by Samuel Arthur Whidden and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Biomass Burning written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume is the first to consider biomass burning as a global phenomenon and to assess its impact on the atmosphere, on climate, and on the biosphere itself.
Download or read book Multiphase Environmental Chemistry in the Atmosphere written by Sherri W. Hunt and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights new cross-disciplinary advances in aerosol chemistry that involve more than one phase, for example, unique chemical processes occurring on gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces.
Download or read book Research and Technology written by Goddard Space Flight Center and published by . This book was released on with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties and Radiative Forcing of Southern African Biomass Burning Aerosol written by Brian Indrek Magi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Burning in South and Southeast Asia written by Krishna Prasad Vadrevu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of a two volume set, this book is a self-contained, state-of-the-art analysis of remote sensing, ground-based, and spatial techniques used for characterizing biomass burning events and pollution. It is a collective achievement of renowned scientists working throughout South and Southeast Asia. They discuss the complexity of vegetation patterns, biomass characteristics, fire distribution, drivers of fires, and several examples of the use of novel satellite algorithms for mapping and monitoring biomass burning events. The book is highly interdisciplinary and integrates earth science and environmental science including ecology, fire science, spatial geography, remote sensing, and geospatial technologies. Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts actually working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe. This book will serve as a valuable source of information for remote sensing scientists, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires and biomass burning in South/Southeast Asia.
Download or read book Biomass Burning in South and Southeast Asia Two Volume Set written by Krishna Prasad Vadrevu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-05 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing intensity and frequency of natural disasters all around the world has caused severe socioeconomic impacts, especially in South and Southeast Asia. This region is particularly susceptible to vegetation fires, leading to biomass burning pollution with impacts on other countries through trans-boundary air pollution. Despite the growing body of information on biomass pollutants worldwide, only a modest amount of data from these regions are available. With fires and biomass burning identified as a vital issue in South/Southeast Asia, this two-volume set was created to meet community research and application needs. To better serve the atmospheric, environmental, and remote sensing communities, and to address air quality, climate, and the human health impacts of greenhouse gases and aerosols from biomass burning, this set brings together the collective achievements of experts in these regions and the state-of-the-art technologies and spatial analyses to model and monitor biomass burning events and their impacts. This first volume covers various topics on fire, biomass burning, mapping and monitoring while the second volume highlights the impact of biomass burning on the biosphere and reflects extensive research by interdisciplinary teams of experts. This set will serve as a valuable resource for remote sensing scientist, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires, biomass burning, and biomass burning pollution in South/Southeast Asia Specific Features: Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts currently working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.
Download or read book Research and Technology 1990 Goddard Space Flight Center written by Goddard Space Flight Center and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research written by Manfred Wendisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Download or read book Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy and the Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties from Biomass Burning During Flame2 written by Laura E. Mack and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change Biomass burning in South America Southeast Asia and temperate and boreal ecosystems and the oil fires of Kuwait written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change Remote sensing modeling and inventory development and biomass burning in Africa written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Download or read book Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Engineering written by Myer Kutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide for both fundamentals and real-world applications of environmental engineering Written by noted experts, Handbook of Environmental Engineering offers a comprehensive guide to environmental engineers who desire to contribute to mitigating problems, such as flooding, caused by extreme weather events, protecting populations in coastal areas threatened by rising sea levels, reducing illnesses caused by polluted air, soil, and water from improperly regulated industrial and transportation activities, promoting the safety of the food supply. Contributors not only cover such timely environmental topics related to soils, water, and air, minimizing pollution created by industrial plants and processes, and managing wastewater, hazardous, solid, and other industrial wastes, but also treat such vital topics as porous pavement design, aerosol measurements, noise pollution control, and industrial waste auditing. This important handbook: Enables environmental engineers to treat problems in systematic ways Discusses climate issues in ways useful for environmental engineers Covers up-to-date measurement techniques important in environmental engineering Reviews current developments in environmental law for environmental engineers Includes information on water quality and wastewater engineering Informs environmental engineers about methods of dealing with industrial and municipal waste, including hazardous waste Designed for use by practitioners, students, and researchers, Handbook of Environmental Engineering contains the most recent information to enable a clear understanding of major environmental issues.
