Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 6 5 Interpretation of Survey Meter Data written by E. Tochilin and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Scientific Director's Report of Atomic Weapon Test at Enuivetok, 1951. Under laboratory conditions a study of survey-instrument response to fission-product activity was made. This study involved a knowledge of beta-ray energy, gamma-ray energy, and beta-ray and gamma-ray dose rates associated with fission-product radiation fields. Fission-product activity was collected on aluminum plaques which were flown through the radioactive cloud following each of four bursts. These plaques were flown to the Laboratory for the work done. Beta-ray dose rates were determined with specially constructed beta-ray surface chambers previously calibrated with beta-ray isotopes. Using aluminum absorbers, beta-ray absorption curves were run and compared with similar absorption measurements obtained using known beta-ray isotopes. Gamma-ray dose rates were obtained by shielding out the beta-ray contribution. The response of various types of commercially available G-M counters and ion-chamber counters to fission-product beta-ray and gamma-ray was studied. Changes in beta-ray energy were studied for the period from 44.6 to 215.7 hr. It was found that the beta-ray absorption curve could be reproduced by a high-energy and low-energy component of beta radiation. Laboratory determination of effective gamma-ray energies using half-value-layer measurements by means of aluminum, copper and lead filters showed the energy to be dependent upon the absorber used.
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 5 Neutron Measurements Part 1 Diagnostic Neutron Experiments written by E. H. Krause and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of radiation on the passage of an electromagnetic wave along a cable are too complicated to predict accurately from theory alone. Also, near the bomb, the intensity during the shot is so high that the results of laboratory measurements must be extrapolated by too many orders of magnitude to be applied with much confidence to the test conditions. Therefore a number of cables were installed near the bomb for the sole purpose of study the radiation effects, both to help correct the data obtained in the present tests and to help predict shielding requirements in future tests. The two types of effects looked for were (1) a simple attenuation of a voltage across the line due to the shunt conductance set up when Compton recoil electrons from the gamma rays ionize the gas between the inner and outer conductors; and (2) an induced signal due to the Compton electrons being knocked out of the inner and outer conductors in unequal amounts. On the basis of the results, a discussion is given of the adequacy of the coral shielding actually used to protect the horizontal cable runs.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 9 Air Drop Instrumentation Part 3 Disc Camera written by EDGERTON GERMESHAUSEN AND GRIER INC BOSTON MA. and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disc camera was designed for use to determine the growth characteristic of the fireball and so the yield. The instrument has three separate optical systems and can record three separate streak images of the fireball on a rotating glass photographic plate. The angular velocity of the photoplate at the time of exposure s determined by marker pips recorded on the photoplate. The marker generator is gated by a phototube and is turned off by a time delay. Time to minimum can be determined directly from the streaks and by the use of the scaling laws. Bhangmeter yield can also be determined. For Operation Greenhouse, two cameras were operated in phototowers. Good records were obtained on the first two shots. On the George Shot, which was a daylight test, the photocell in the fiducial marker did not function and no records were attained. The cameras were not operated on the Item Shot. The yields derived compare favorably with those from other fireball determinations.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by John L. Tullis and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 1 Prompt Gamma Ray Measurements Part 3 The Measurement of Transit Time written by W. C. Hall and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eport describes the procedures followed in measuring the transit time of the atomic explosions evaluated in Operation Greenhouse. It includes a description of the equipment used, the installations made, and the results obtained. Transmit time measurements were obtainded for the Easy, George and Item Shots; and on the whole, the transit-time recording equipment performed well. (Author).
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 9 1 Staff Reports Parts 1 to 4 Annex 9 4 Documentary Photography written by LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LAB ALBUQUERQUE NM. and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 6 9 Protective Clothing and Clothing and Personnel Decontamination written by F. M. Steadman and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 9 5 Base Facilities written by P. W. Spain and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1951 NTPR report describes an AECM (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Maintenance) contract for the Eniwetok test site. Reconnaissance of Eniwetok Atoll was undertaken in October 1948 to determine the conditions at the site which would affect the construction of all facilities for a semipermanent proving ground. Based on this reconnaissance, an engineering report was prepared which proposed methods and costs of construction of the minimum facilities then proposed as necessary. Mobilization for construction began in February 1949, and construction started in July 1949. Support of the scientific and technical personnel and operations began in December 1951 and was essentially completed at the end of the Operation Greenhouse in June 1951. The contractor was able to successfully construct and furnish all items and services requested. At the end of Operation Greenhouse, the facilities were 'rolled-up' and placed in maintenance status until such time as build-up begins for a future operation.
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 2 1 Japtan Island Development and Animal Production written by ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION WASHINGTON DC. and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 2 Delayed Gamma Ray Measurements Part 4 Measurements Uuner Collimated Conditions written by Philips J. Cavanagh and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of the spatial measurements was to gain data from which the distribution of fission fragments as a function of time could be computed. Since it was considered that the previous Sandstone tests did not include enough sample points in space to provide more than a very rough idea of the distribution of fission fragments with time, it was decided, to provide more collimators, detectors with a faster response, a recorder with better time resolution, and more protection for the detectors. The radial motion of the fission fragments was expected to be available directly from the measured times of arrival of the source at the field of view of each detector.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by R. Harold Draeger and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by George B. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 2 7 Thermal Radiation Injury written by Herman E. Pearse and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information concerning the flash burn resulting from an atomic bomb explosion was necessary to understand the lesion, its systematic effects, and prevention and treatment of these effects. In order to reproduce similar sources in the laboratory, it was essential to know the characteristics of the energy producing the biological effect. In order to obtain this information, anesthetized experimental animals were placed in shielded positions at varying distances from bomb zero to cover a wide range of thermal-radiation intensities. Small areas of each animal's skin were exposed through aperture plates which were designed to analyze burn production as a function of time, intensity, and spectrum. Protection of the animal by fabrics covering the skin was also evaluated. Following exposure, animals were retrieved from the exposure stations and transported to a laboratory for analysis of the burn lesions by description, color photography, and microscopic study of biopsy materials.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by Joseph Knopow and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was necessary to evaluate, as fully as possible, the developmental prototypes under conditions made possible only by an atomic bomb detonation. To carry out this evaluation program, a joint project was initiated in which a Navy P2V-2 type aircraft were, in general, identically instrumented with radiac equipment developed by both services. In general, the types of air-borne radiac equipment evaluated can be classified under the following operational functions: 1) Radioactive-cloud tracking, 2) Air-borne surface-radioactivity mapping, 3) Ground-to-air gamma-radiation-data telemetering, 4) Air-borne radiation detection and measurment. As a result of tests made on the radioactive cloud itself, the surface area within and surrounding the crater, and the air above the crater and surrounding area, the shortcomings as well as the advantages of the equipment and techniques were demonstrated.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by George V. Leroy and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glomerella, corn, and Vycor glass were used in an attempt to measure the dose of mixed nuclear radiation from an atomic bomb. Samples were placed in steel pipe stations located 300 to 800 yd from the tower on Easy Shot. Reasonable and consistent estimates of dose were obtained, but it is not possible to consider them more than approximations. Activated potassium bromide crystals and photoluminescent glass were exposed in unit-density phantoms at Easy Shot. These materials have been proposed for use as personnel dosimeters. Both were energy-dependent, but with this limitation, they were satisfactory dosimeters. (Author).
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 5 1 Annex B Polaroid Dosimeters written by H. Haselkorn and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Volume 2 Part 3 Evaluation of Programs 3 to 6 and 8 Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
