Download or read book On the Generation of Mesoscale Eddies and Their Interaction with the Oceanic General Circulation written by William R. Holland and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 4318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Coastal Altimetry written by Stefano Vignudelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Altimetry: Selected Case Studies from Asian Shelf Seas provides information on developments over the past decade in the processing of remotely sensed altimetry in coastal areas, with an overview of expected errors and where they stem from, along with remaining gaps in processing. Challenges covered include the retracking of the altimetric signal to account for land contamination, tropospheric water corrections, and tidal model improvements, along with the pros and cons of widely available products. Additional chapters provide recent research in the regional seas of Asia and cover variability, dynamics, predictability and prediction, impacts of extreme events, effects to ecosystems, and more. This book offers readers a dataset that can illuminate our understanding of the propagation of planetary boundary waves that have a significant sea level signal in near coastal regions. As such, researchers and students who have a foundation in satellite altimetry and want to know the latest development of open ocean and coastal satellite altimetry, especially in Asian coastal regions, will benefit from this book. Presents the advancement of coastal altimetry technologies from various dedicated experts Includes case studies throughout to give real-life examples that can be implemented globally Provides chapters that include summaries of key points and an outlook to the future
Download or read book Recent Work and Thoughts on Eddy Mean Flow Interaction written by D. E. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to address the question of the roles of mesoscale eddies in the ocean general circulation it is necessary first to determine the ocean general circulation. Unless this circulation is known well enough to estimate the dominant terms in the mean heat, momentum and vorticity equations, it is not possible to evaluate the eddy turbulence terms--divergence of the eddy heat flux, divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor and curl of the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor--and one can at best speculate on the basis of fragmentary data or theoretical concepts. Even if the detailed balances of the mean equations are known, it may not be simple to establish the roles of the eddies (viz. the meteorological experience), but the task is almost exclusively inferential if the data are unavailable. As it is now clear that there is substantial low-frequency variability over most of the ocean, determining the general circulation will be an enormous task.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by John H. Steele and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 3399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences is the most current, authoritative, and comprehensive resource on the science of the oceans. This ambitious work includes contributions from leading scientists around the world on the physical processes that drive the oceans and the chemical, biological, and geological disciplines. The Encyclopedia also covers ancillary topics such as ocean technology, law of the oceans, global programs, marine policy, the use of the oceans for food and energy, and the impact of pollution and climate changes. The many different methods used to study the oceans are covered, from ship-based systems to satellite remote sensing. Users will enjoy easy access to more than 400 articles, each approximately 3000-4000 words in length with further reading lists and extensive cross referencing. Each article provides comprehensive coverage of a particular topic, and is designed for a wide audience of students, academics, researchers, and professionals. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest technical information. Also available online on ScienceDirect. For online version information, please visit http://www.info.sciencedirect.com/reference_works Presents 402 original articles covering all the physical, chemical and biological aspects of ocean science Brings together classic scientific theories with the newest discoveries, technologies, and applications Written by the world's leading researchers and developed by a prestigious editorial board Makes information easy to find with an intuitive format, extensive cross references, further reading lists, and complete index Illustrated with more than 1900 figures and full color throughout Developed alongside each other, the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences together with the Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences provide readers a with comprehensive resource, and a link between these two fields.
Download or read book Eddy current interactions in the ocean and their impacts on climate ecology and biology written by Feng Nan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Eddies in the General Ocean Circulation Proceedings of Aha Huliko a Hawaiian Winter Workshop Held at Manoa on January 5 7 1983 written by L. Magaard and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waves and Circulation Driven by Oscillatory Winds in an Idealized Ocean Basin; Recent Work and Thoughts on Eddy-Mean Flow Interaction; Estimation and Prediction of Oceanic Eddy Fields; Oceanic Mesoscale Variability and General Circulation from Satellite Altimetry: A Status Report; Eddy-Mean Flow Interaction Diagnostics; Simulation of Midlatitude Variability; Evidence for the Direct Atmospheric Forcing of Mid-Ocean Eddies; Ventilated and Unventilated Models of the Wind-Driven Circulation; Hamilton's Principle as the Basis for Ocean Circulation Models; On the Driving of Ocean Currents by Rossby Waves; Observational Evidence for an Eddy-Driven Deep Circulation; On the Mean Dynamical Balances of the Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone; The Impact of Gulf Stream Rings upon the Slope Water; Studies of the Velocity Structure of the Gulf Stream East of Cape Hatteras; The Eddy Field of the Central North Atlantic; Annual and Interannual Variability in the Kuroshio Current System; Eddy Heat Flux in the North Pacific.
Download or read book The Role of Eddies in the General Ocean Circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime written by Matthew W. Hecht and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 177. This monograph is the first to survey progress in realistic simulation in a strongly eddying regime made possible by recent increases in computational capability. Its contributors comprise the leading researchers in this important and constantly evolving field. Divided into three parts Oceanographic Processes and Regimes: Fundamental Questions Ocean Dynamics and State: From Regional to Global Scale, and Modeling at the Mesoscale: State of the Art and Future Directions The volume details important advances in physical oceanography based on eddy resolving ocean modeling. It captures the state of the art and discusses issues that ocean modelers must consider in order to effectively contribute to advancing current knowledge, from subtleties of the underlying fluid dynamical equations to meaningful comparison with oceanographic observations and leading-edge model development. It summarizes many of the important results which have emerged from ocean modeling in an eddying regime, for those interested broadly in the physical science. More technical topics are intended to address the concerns of those actively working in the field.
Download or read book Interactions of Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics with Large scale Ocean and Climate Variability written by Andrew Spencer Delman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large-scale climate system is driven by imbalances of the reservoirs of heat contained in the world oceans. The transport and redistribution of this heat is determined in part by nonlinear mesoscale eddies (radii ~50-200 km), as well as by planetary waves whose widths approach the size of mesoscale eddies away from the equator. In this dissertation, new analysis techniques are developed and implemented to assess oceanic phenomena in two regions: mesoscale eddy-mean flow interaction in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, and the effects of coastal Kelvin waves and mesoscale eddies in the Indian Ocean south of Java. In the KE region, a jet-following coordinate reference frame is used to quantify the contributions of eddies to the vorticity budget along the KE jet in a strongly eddying ocean general circulation model simulation, the Parallel Ocean Program (POP). The jet reference frame preserves synoptic gradients of the jet that are not accurately represented in multi-year Eulerian means. This analysis found that eddies tend to accelerate the jet just downstream of crests in the topographically-induced meanders, implying an intensification of frontal gradients in these areas. In the Indian Ocean, a method involving projections of harmonic basis functions onto altimetry-derived sea level anomaly (SLA) is used to estimate Kelvin wave activity along the equatorial-coastal waveguide. The resulting Kelvin wave coefficient presents a more accurate representation of Kelvin wave activity than that from raw SLA. Moreover, values of the Kelvin wave coefficient in April-June are a robust predictor of positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) event development later in the calendar year. Finally, a temperature budget using a strongly eddying POP simulation isolates the specific contributions of mesoscale processes south of Java. It shows that Kelvin waves and local wind forcing both contribute substantially to anomalous cooling during pIOD years, while mesoscale eddies have a modest warming effect. These results suggest that mesoscale processes in the study regions have an important influence on the ocean's structure and can trigger a climate response; use of the new analysis techniques may help quantify the effects of mesoscale eddies and planetary waves elsewhere in the oceans.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Stephen R. Rintoul and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southern Ocean circulation connects the ocean basins as well as the upper and deep layers of the ocean. As a result, the region has a profound influence on the global ocean circulation and climate. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the overturning circulation are dynamically linked through interactions between the mean flow, eddies, topography, air–sea forcing, and mixing and stirring by small- and mesoscale processes. A new dynamical paradigm is emerging that emphasizes the fully three-dimensional nature of the circulation, including the localization of meridional and vertical exchange of momentum, vorticity, and tracers by interactions between the flow and topography. Changes observed in the Southern Ocean in recent decades have implications for global climate and provide insight into the response of the Southern Ocean circulation to changes in forcing.
Download or read book Eddies in Marine Science written by A. R. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well known that the mid-ocean flow is almost everywhere domi nated by so-called synoptic or meso-scale eddies, rotating about nearly vertical axes and extending throughout the water column. A typical mid ocean horizontal scale is 100 km and a time scale is 100 days: these meso scale eddies have swirl speeds of order 10 cm s -1 which are usually con siderably greater than the long-term average flow. Many types of eddies with somewhat different scales and characteristics have been identified. The existence of such eddies was suspected by navigators more than a century ago and confirmed by the world of C. O'D. Iselin and V. B. Stock man in the 1930's. Measurements from RIV Aries in 1959/60, using the then newly developed neutrally buoyant floats, indicated the main char acteristics of the eddies in the deep ocean of the NW Atlantic while a se ries of Soviet moored current-meter arrays culminated, in POLYGON- 1970, in the explicit mapping of an energetic anticyclonic eddy in the tropical NE Atlantic. In 1973 a large collaborative (mainly U. S. , U. K. ) program, MODE-I, produced synoptic charts for an area of the NW At lantic and confirmed the existence of an open ocean eddy field and es tablished its characteristics. Meso-scale eddies are now known to be of interest and importance to marine chemists and biologists as well as to physical oceanographers and meteorologists.
Download or read book Tropical and Extratropical Air Sea Interactions written by Swadhin Kumar Behera and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical and Extratropical Air-Sea Interactions: Modes of Climate Variations provides a thorough introduction to global atmospheric and oceanic processes, as well as tropical, subtropical and mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interactions. Written by leading experts in the field, each chapter is dedicated to a specific topic of air-sea interactions (such as ENSO, IOD, Atlantic Nino, ENSO Modoki, and newly discovered coastal Niños/Niñas) and their teleconnections. As the first book to cover all topics of tropical and extra-tropical air-sea interactions and new modes of climate variations, this book is an excellent resource for researchers and students of ocean, atmospheric and climate sciences. Presents case studies on the ocean-atmosphere phenomena, including El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and different Nino/Nina phenomena Provides a clear description of air-sea relationships across the world’s ocean with an analysis of air-sea relations in different time scales and a focus on climate change Includes prospects for air-sea interaction research, thus benefiting young researchers and students
Download or read book On the Dynamics of Mesoscale Eddies and Jets in the Presence of Topography written by Changheng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of multiple nearly zonal oceanic jets enriches the classical view of mid-latitude ocean circulation, which was thought to be dominated by turbulent eddies and large-scale oceanic gyres. These jets emerge as a result of baroclinic instability and are maintained by baroclinic eddies. Potential importance of interactions of these ocean currents with major topographic features, such as the mid-Atlantic ridge, calls for the studies of the effects of bottom topography on the dynamics of eddies and the eddy-driven jets. The importance of bottom topography in the linear baroclinic instability of zonal flows on the beta-plane is examined by using analytical calculations and a quasi-geostrophic (QG) eddy-resolving numerical model. The particular focus is on the effects of a zonal topographic slope, which are compared with the effects of a meridional slope. A zonal slope always destabilizes background zonal flows that are otherwise stable in the absence of topography, regardless of the slope magnitude, whereas the meridional slopes stabilize/destabilize zonal flows only through changing the lower-level background potential vorticity (PV) gradient beyond a known critical value. Growth rates, phase speeds and vertical structure of the growing solutions strongly depend on the slope magnitude. In the numerical simulations configured with an isolated meridional ridge, unstable modes develop on both sides of the ridge and propagate eastward of the ridge, in agreement with our analytical results. In the second part of this study, we describe a novel mechanism for the generation of oceanic alternating jets by topographic ridges. The dynamics of these jets is examined using a baroclinic QG model configured with an isolated meridional ridge. Zonal topographic slopes of the ridge lead to the formation of a system of currents, consist- ing of mesoscale eddies, meridional currents over the ridge, and multiple zonal jets in the far field. Dynamical analysis shows that transient eddies are vital in sustaining the deep meridional currents, which in turn play a key role in the upper-layer PV balance. The zonal jets owe their existence to the eddy forcing over the ridge but are maintained by the Reynolds and form stresses in the far field. Locally nonzonal mean currents are shown to produce zonal jets in the far field, but the presence of local vorticity source appears to be the truly fundamental cause of jet existence. We conclude that local nonzonality of the mean PV contours, due to either a topographic ridge or a nonzonal background flow, can generate multiple zonal jets through a remote mechanism. Lastly, we explore the relationship between eddies and striations in a baroclinic double gyre ocean. Results show that alternating vertically coherent striations exist in the eastern part of the double gyre in short time mean field. Both the baroclinic QG model simulation and the analysis of altimetry sea level anomalies suggest that striations are intrinsically associated with eddy trains. Eddy vorticity forcing is closely associated with the striations and tends to drive the striations to drift meridionally. The concept of eddies being intrinsically related to striations helps to come up with a better parameterization scheme to represent the effects of eddies/striations in comprehensive models.
Download or read book Upper Ocean Circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Upper Ocean Circulation project was based on observations of circulation with drifters, bottom pressure gauges and current meters and the interpretation of these data on basis of conceptual and hydrodynamic models of the mixed layers, mesoscale and their interactions. The focus was in the north-eastern Pacific phenomena. The principal findings were: (1) models demonstrate that mesoscale eddy circulation is significantly changed by the nonlinear interaction of the wind and eddy vorticity.; (2) the eastern Pacific mesoscale is observed to be more important to the dynamics of the propagation of near inertial motions than is the beta effect; (3) a new data set of upper ocean circulation in the California Current was acquired with drifters and moorings. Wind driven motions, both barotropic and Ekman, account for significant part of the variance of circulation and sea level variability; (4) zonal shear on the scale of 1500km and amplitude of 12-15 cm/sec with respect to 1500m was measured in the subtropical Pacific. This phenomenon has yet no theoretical explanation; (5) an eddy resolving, biologically active general circulation model has been configured for the California Current system.
Download or read book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
