Download or read book The modal verbs of Old English written by Leland A. Lester and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Old English Modal Verbs written by Hiroshi Ogawa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Old English written by Richard Hogg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible overview covers all the basic linguistic elements of Old English, including nouns, adjectives, verbs, syntax, word order, and vocabulary. Offering a unique study of Old English in context, it combines a wide variety of short texts with an up-to-date assessment of the forms of language that remain as the foundation of English today. Comparisons are drawn between Old and present-day English and also with other related languages such as Dutch, German, and French. Old English poetry and dialect variation are also discussed.
Download or read book The Cambridge Old English Reader written by Richard Marsden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reader remains the only major new reader of Old English prose and verse in the past forty years. The second edition is extensively revised throughout, with the addition of a new 'Beginning Old English' section for newcomers to the Old English language, along with a new extract from Beowulf. The fifty-seven individual texts include established favourites such as The Battle of Maldon and Wulfstan's Sermon of the Wolf, as well as others not otherwise readily available, such as an extract from Apollonius of Tyre. Modern English glosses for every prose-passage and poem are provided on the same page as the text, along with extensive notes. A succinct reference grammar is appended, along with guides to pronunciation and to grammatical terminology. A comprehensive glossary lists and analyses all the Old English words that occur in the book. Headnotes to each of the six text sections, and to every individual text, establish their literary and historical contexts, and illustrate the rich cultural variety of Anglo-Saxon England. This second edition is an accessible and scholarly introduction to Old English.
Download or read book Strong Verbs in Old and Middle English and Irregular Verbs in Modern English written by Sonja Rieber and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Tubingen (Seminar für Anglistik), course: Historical Grammar, 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In the following essay the development of strong verbs in English will be examined, starting in the Old English period and reaching up to Modern English times. The different classification systems and conjugational patterns that apply for the periods will be compared. The main task of the essay will be to find out similarities differences and parts which have remained the same in these systems. In the course of the essay, the Old English system of strong verbs will be compared to the Middle English system and finally the Modern English system. In order to do this, it will be necessary to describe the classification system of Old English strong verbs in detail as well as pointing out the conjugational patterns that apply for these verbs. In the next section the same will be done for Middle English strong verbs. In that section changes will already have to be mentioned. Afterwards, an entirely different classification of Modern English irregular verbs as suggested by Quirk & Greenbaum will be introduced. In addition the conjugational system of Modern English verbs will be described. Following this mainly descriptive first part of the essay, the second part will compare the systems and point out the main differences or similarities. The last section provides a summary of the developments which took place in the evolution of strong verbs and which have already been touched in the descriptions of the different classification systems.
Download or read book The Development of the English Modals written by Katharina Reese and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: History and Variation of English II, language: English, abstract: The question about the grammaticalization process of the modal auxiliary verbs from Old English to Modern English is a highly discussed topic among linguistics and scholars today. It is undisputed that, in the English that is spoken today, words like 'should', 'could' etc. form a separate category, or rather a subcategory, 'modal' that does not only syntactically differ from the usual English verbs, but also morphologically. That is, of course with the exception of a few regional variations such as for example Scots, but since the main focus of this paper is on the standard British and American English dialects, those regional non-standard dialects will not be taken into consideration here. For every native and average non-native speaker, it is natural that modals like 'will' for example don't take the obligatory inflectional ending -s in third person singular present. Or that 'should', 'would' or 'could' do not have past tense meaning, although the forms itself are actually a past form. And it is also natural that just those verbs, which we subcategorize as modals, will neither appear as infinitives with 'to' (*'I have to will'), nor do they require 'to' in combination with regular verbs (*'I should to go'). Today we instinctively know that those usual grammatical rules that regular verbs require to be followed in order to correctly be embedded in a sentence, don't apply to the modals. How did we get to this point, though? In the following paper I want to take a closer look at how the modals developed from regularly inflectional verbs, that they still were in Old English, to this new category 'modal' which is no longer a full verb that can stand alone in a sentence, but more of a grammatical function that signals either epistemic or deontic meaning.
Download or read book Emerging English Modals written by Manfred G. Krug and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is essentially based on grammaticalization theory – a branch of linguistics which has gained prominence since the 1980s. It focuses on the interaction between diachrony and synchrony, langue and parole or, for that matter, competence and performance, I–language and Ε–language. It does not see these levels as distinct linguistic domains, as much structurally oriented work does. It is important for the present purposes that such an interactionist view entails that performance effects may over time cause new grammatical code relations. Hence the importance of statistical empirical research, which led the author to adopt a predominantly corpus-based approach.
Download or read book Modality and Its Interaction with the Verbal System written by Lambertus Christiaan Jozef Barbiers and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of the issues relevant for the study of syntax of modals and their interaction with the verbal system. A large number of novel observations are offered from a variety of languages, including Dutch, (Modern and Middle) English, German, Lele, Macedonian, Middle Dutch and Slovene. The wealth of data, the critical evaluation of existing syntactic analyses of modality and the alternative analyses proposed make the book interesting for both for descriptively and for theoretically oriented syntacticians. Major concerns addressed are: the distinction between epistemic and root modality (where the arguments pro and contra the assumption of a corresponding difference in syntactic structure are evaluated, refined, and supplemented by arguments for syntactic distinction between necessity and possibility modals and by consideration of the influence of the modal's complement on the interpretation), the interaction between modality and clausal phenomena (in particular negation, but also imperatives, aspect and Aktionsart), and the acquisition of modality (addressing cross-linguistic differences in the possibility for root infinitives to express modal interpretations and the late acquisition of epistemic interpretations as compared with non-epistemic interpretations).
Download or read book On the use of the auxiliary verbs in Old English written by Karl Kujack and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Syntactic Evolution of Modal Verbs in the History of English written by Céline Romero and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we question the status of modal verbs in the history of English mainly from a minimalist and Distributed Morphology point of views. We propose the existence of a specific syntactic position for preterite-present verbs (which are the ancestors of the present-day modal verbs) in Old English and show that they are raising verbs. We then underline the grammaticalisation of modal verbs as early as the late Old English period. We base our hypotheses on the analysis of infinitive structures (among which causative structures), negation (negative concord, Neg criterion and negative polarity items), the hierarchy of adverbs and (modal) adverb phrases, elliptic structures and the particle TO.
Download or read book Historical Syntax in Cross Linguistic Perspective written by Alice C. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this major new work Alice Harris and Lyle Campbell set out to establish a general framework for the investigation of linguistic change. Systematic cross-linguistic comparison of syntactic change across a wide variety of languages is used to construct hypotheses about the universals and limits of language change more generally. In particular, the authors seek to move closer towards describing the range of causes of syntactic change to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of syntactic change, and to provide an understanding of why some languages undergo certain changes and not others. The authors draw on languages as diverse as Pipil and French, Georgian and Estonian, and the data presented is one of the book's great strengths. Rigor and precision are combined here with a great breadth of scholarship to produce a unique resource for the study of linguistic change, which will be of use to scholars and students alike.
Download or read book MODAL AUXILIARIES FROM LATE OLD TO EARLY MIDDLE ENGLISH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GAN SCULAN AND MTAN written by KOUSUKE KAITA. and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time and Modality written by Jacqueline Guéron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-27 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a unique work of reference. Not only does it unite studies which explore the syntax and semantics of tense or modality, but it is the first book of its kind to embrace the interaction of tense and modality within a coherent generative model.
Download or read book Modal Verbs and Modality in Literary and Non Literary Texts written by Monika Skorasińska and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Germanic Languages written by Ekkehard Konig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a unique, up-to-date survey of twelve Germanic languages from English and German to Faroese and Yiddish.
Download or read book Verbs of Motion in Medieval English written by Michiko Ogura and published by DS Brewer. This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of the medieval uses of verbs of motion remains important for a view of the syntactic development of the English language; this present study covers most of the functional features found in medieval English contexts. Verbs of motion are ordinary words, for which cognates can be found among Germanic languages, but the choice of words as renderings of the Latin verbs can be different. These linguistic developments are clarified in chapters on: The Rivalry among Synonyms, The Reflexive Construction, "Impersonal" Uses of Verbs of Motion, Verbs with Preposed or Postposed Elements, Verbs of Motion as Auxiliaries, Present and Past Participles of Verbs of Motion, and Loan Verbs of Motion. MICHIKO OGURA is Professor of English at Chiba University, Japan.
Download or read book Modal Verbs in Germanic and Romance Languages written by Johan van der Auwera and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As of Volume 9 (1994/95) John Benjamins Publishing Company is the official publisher of the Belgian Journal of Linguistics, the annual publication of the Linguistic Society of Belgium. Each volume is topical and includes selected papers from the international meetings organised by the LSB.
