Download or read book Odds Ratios in the Analysis of Contingency Tables written by Tamás Rudas and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1998 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume the author shows how odds ratios can be used as a framework for understanding log-linear models. The book moves from paradigmatic 2x2 case to more complicated cases. The author also carefully defines the odds ratio.

Download or read book Odds Ratios in the Analysis of Contingency Tables written by Tamas Rudas and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Odds ratios in the analysis of contingency tables electronic resource written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Contingency Table Analysis written by Maria Kateri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-17 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contingency tables arise in diverse fields, including life sciences, education, social and political sciences, notably market research and opinion surveys. Their analysis plays an essential role in gaining insight into structures of the quantities under consideration and in supporting decision making. Combining both theory and applications, this book presents models and methods for the analysis of two- and multidimensional-contingency tables. An excellent reference for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners in statistics as well as biosciences, social sciences, education, and economics, the work may also be used as a textbook for a course on categorical data analysis. Prerequisites include basic background on statistical inference and knowledge of statistical software packages.

Download or read book Estimation of Odds Ratio in 2 X 2 Contingency Tables with Small Cell Counts written by Guohao Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is focusing on properties of estimators of odds ratio or its logarithm in case of 2x2 tables with small counts. The odds ratio represents the odds that an outcome of interest will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. Both parameters are often used to quantify the strength of association of two binary variables and are common measurements reported in case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Because of their wide applicability, both parameters, odds ratio, and its logarithm, have been intensively studied in the literature. However, most of their desirable properties are based on the asymptotic normality of the estimators which are not necessarily true in case of small sample sizes. In addition, contingency tables with small counts often contain cells with counts that equal zero which makes maximum likelihood estimators of odds ratio and its logarithm undefined. While in many research areas it is possible to collect data of the size needed, there are areas, such as health related multi-center research, where sample size cannot be increased. We are studying performance of estimators of odds ratio, and its logarithm, for independent 2x2 tables with small counts. Among other applications, our conclusions could also serve as recommendations for comparison of odds ratios in multiple 2x2 tables--a step necessary before performing meta-analysis.

Download or read book An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis written by Alan Agresti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable new edition of a standard reference The use of statistical methods for categorical data has increased dramatically, particularly for applications in the biomedical and social sciences. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition summarizes these methods and shows readers how to use them using software. Readers will find a unified generalized linear models approach that connects logistic regression and loglinear models for discrete data with normal regression for continuous data. Adding to the value in the new edition is: • Illustrations of the use of R software to perform all the analyses in the book • A new chapter on alternative methods for categorical data, including smoothing and regularization methods (such as the lasso), classification methods such as linear discriminant analysis and classification trees, and cluster analysis • New sections in many chapters introducing the Bayesian approach for the methods of that chapter • More than 70 analyses of data sets to illustrate application of the methods, and about 200 exercises, many containing other data sets • An appendix showing how to use SAS, Stata, and SPSS, and an appendix with short solutions to most odd-numbered exercises Written in an applied, nontechnical style, this book illustrates the methods using a wide variety of real data, including medical clinical trials, environmental questions, drug use by teenagers, horseshoe crab mating, basketball shooting, correlates of happiness, and much more. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition is an invaluable tool for statisticians and biostatisticians as well as methodologists in the social and behavioral sciences, medicine and public health, marketing, education, and the biological and agricultural sciences.

Download or read book Statistical Analysis of Contingency Tables written by Morten Fagerland and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Analysis of Contingency Tables is an invaluable tool for statistical inference in contingency tables. It covers effect size estimation, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests for the binomial and the multinomial distributions, unpaired and paired 2x2 tables, rxc tables, ordered rx2 and 2xc tables, paired cxc tables, and stratified tables. For each type of table, key concepts are introduced, and a wide range of intervals and tests, including recent and unpublished methods and developments, are presented and evaluated. Topics such as diagnostic accuracy, inter-rater reliability, and missing data are also covered. The presentation is concise and easily accessible for readers with diverse professional backgrounds, with the mathematical details kept to a minimum. For more information, including a sample chapter and software, please visit the authors' website.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Predictive Analytics with JMP Second Edition written by Ron Klimberg and published by SAS Institute. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going beyond the theoretical foundation, this step-by-step book gives you the technical knowledge and problem-solving skills that you need to perform real-world multivariate data analysis. --

Download or read book Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data written by Alan Agresti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical science’s first coordinated manual of methods for analyzing ordered categorical data, now fully revised and updated, continues to present applications and case studies in fields as diverse as sociology, public health, ecology, marketing, and pharmacy. Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data, Second Edition provides an introduction to basic descriptive and inferential methods for categorical data, giving thorough coverage of new developments and recent methods. Special emphasis is placed on interpretation and application of methods including an integrated comparison of the available strategies for analyzing ordinal data. Practitioners of statistics in government, industry (particularly pharmaceutical), and academia will want this new edition.

Download or read book Foundations of Epidemiology written by Marit L. Bovbjerg and published by . This book was released on 2020-10 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues.

Download or read book Analysis of Categorical Data with R written by Christopher R. Bilder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-31 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Categorical Data with R, Second Edition presents a modern account of categorical data analysis using the R software environment. It covers recent techniques of model building and assessment for binary, multicategory, and count response variables and discusses fundamentals, such as odds ratio and probability estimation. The authors give detailed advice and guidelines on which procedures to use and why to use them. The second edition is a substantial update of the first based on the authors’ experiences of teaching from the book for nearly a decade. The book is organized as before, but with new content throughout, and there are two new substantive topics in the advanced topics chapter—group testing and splines. The computing has been completely updated, with the "emmeans" package now integrated into the book. The examples have also been updated, notably to include new examples based on COVID-19, and there are more than 90 new exercises in the book. The solutions manual and teaching videos have also been updated. Features: Requires no prior experience with R, and offers an introduction to the essential features and functions of R Includes numerous examples from medicine, psychology, sports, ecology, and many other areas Integrates extensive R code and output Graphically demonstrates many of the features and properties of various analysis methods Offers a substantial number of exercises in all chapters, enabling use as a course text or for self-study Supplemented by a website with data sets, code, and teaching videos Analysis of Categorical Data with R, Second Edition is primarily designed for a course on categorical data analysis taught at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. Such a course could be taught in a statistics or biostatistics department, or within mathematics, psychology, social science, ecology, or another quantitative discipline. It could also be used by a self-learner and would make an ideal reference for a researcher from any discipline where categorical data arise.

Download or read book Statistical Data Analysis and Entropy written by Nobuoki Eshima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reconsiders statistical methods from the point of view of entropy, and introduces entropy-based approaches for data analysis. Further, it interprets basic statistical methods, such as the chi-square statistic, t-statistic, F-statistic and the maximum likelihood estimation in the context of entropy. In terms of categorical data analysis, the book discusses the entropy correlation coefficient (ECC) and the entropy coefficient of determination (ECD) for measuring association and/or predictive powers in association models, and generalized linear models (GLMs). Through association and GLM frameworks, it also describes ECC and ECD in correlation and regression analyses for continuous random variables. In multivariate statistical analysis, canonical correlation analysis, T2-statistic, and discriminant analysis are discussed in terms of entropy. Moreover, the book explores the efficiency of test procedures in statistical tests of hypotheses using entropy. Lastly, it presents an entropy-based path analysis for structural GLMs, which is applied in factor analysis and latent structure models. Entropy is an important concept for dealing with the uncertainty of systems of random variables and can be applied in statistical methodologies. This book motivates readers, especially young researchers, to address the challenge of new approaches to statistical data analysis and behavior-metric studies.

Download or read book Categorical Data Analysis for the Behavioral and Social Sciences written by Razia Azen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-05-26 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring a practical approach with numerous examples, the second edition of Categorical Data Analysis for the Behavioral and Social Sciences focuses on helping the reader develop a conceptual understanding of categorical methods, making it a much more accessible text than others on the market. The authors cover common categorical analysis methods and emphasize specific research questions that can be addressed by each analytic procedure, including how to obtain results using SPSS, SAS, and R, so that readers are able to address the research questions they wish to answer. Each chapter begins with a "Look Ahead" section to highlight key content. This is followed by an in-depth focus and explanation of the relationship between the initial research question, the use of software to perform the analyses, and how to interpret the output substantively. Included at the end of each chapter are a range of software examples and questions to test knowledge. New to the second edition: The addition of R syntax for all analyses and an update of SPSS and SAS syntax. The addition of a new chapter on GLMMs. Clarification of concepts and ideas that graduate students found confusing, including revised problems at the end of the chapters. Written for those without an extensive mathematical background, this book is ideal for a graduate course in categorical data analysis taught in departments of psychology, educational psychology, human development and family studies, sociology, public health, and business. Researchers in these disciplines interested in applying these procedures will also appreciate this book’s accessible approach.

Download or read book Secondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records written by MIT Critical Data and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients.

Download or read book Biostatistics and Computer based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS written by Christophe Lalanne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the Biostatistics and Health Sciences Set focuses on statistics applied to clinical research.The use of SAS for data management and statistical modeling is illustrated using various examples. Many aspects of data processing and statistical analysis of cross-sectional and experimental medical data are covered, including regression models commonly found in medical statistics. This practical book is primarily intended for health researchers with a basic knowledge of statistical methodology. Assuming basic concepts, the authors focus on the practice of biostatistical methods essential to clinical research, epidemiology and analysis of biomedical data (including comparison of two groups, analysis of categorical data, ANOVA, linear and logistic regression, and survival analysis). The use of examples from clinical trials and epidemiological studies provide the basis for a series of practical exercises, which provide instruction and familiarize the reader with essential SAS commands. Presents the use of SAS software in the statistical approach for the management of data modeling Includes elements of the language and descriptive statistics Supplies measures of association, comparison of means, and proportions for two or more samples Explores linear and logistic regression Provides survival data analysis

Download or read book Categorical Data Analysis by Example written by Graham J. G. Upton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the key concepts in the analysis of categoricaldata with illustrative examples and accompanying R code This book is aimed at all those who wish to discover how to analyze categorical data without getting immersed in complicated mathematics and without needing to wade through a large amount of prose. It is aimed at researchers with their own data ready to be analyzed and at students who would like an approachable alternative view of the subject. Each new topic in categorical data analysis is illustrated with an example that readers can apply to their own sets of data. In many cases, R code is given and excerpts from the resulting output are presented. In the context of log-linear models for cross-tabulations, two specialties of the house have been included: the use of cobweb diagrams to get visual information concerning significant interactions, and a procedure for detecting outlier category combinations. The R code used for these is available and may be freely adapted. In addition, this book: Uses an example to illustrate each new topic in categorical data Provides a clear explanation of an important subject Is understandable to most readers with minimal statistical and mathematical backgrounds Contains examples that are accompanied by R code and resulting output Includes starred sections that provide more background details for interested readers Categorical Data Analysis by Example is a reference for students in statistics and researchers in other disciplines, especially the social sciences, who use categorical data. This book is also a reference for practitioners in market research, medicine, and other fields.

Download or read book Analysis of Qualitative Data written by Shelby J Haberman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Qualitative Data: Volume 1, Introductory Topics introduces log-linear models oriented toward the social scientist, including assessments of the variability of parameter estimates using algebraic equations and summation notation. The book also contains examples involving basic problems in survey research, such as memory error. Other examples pertain to the General Social Survey of the National Opinion Research Center that examines public opinion on abortion, as well as the variations in homicide rates related to variables (such as race or sex of victim). The text explains the quantitative assessment of the size of departures from independence of polytomous variables by investigating the linear combinations of log cells means, known as log cross-product ratios. The book discusses the use of log odds, conditional log odds, cross-product ratios, and conditional cross-product ratios in interpreting hierarchical models such as those found in the General Social Surveys. The text describes logit models, namely, the Newton-Raphson algorithm used to explore the relationship of a dichotomous dependent variable to one or more independent variables. The book can serve and benefit mathematicians, students, or professor of calculus, statistics, and advanced mathematics.