Download or read book Observed Catches of Groundfish and Selected Bycatch Species Within Critical Habitat of the Steller Sea Lion in the Bering Sea Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska from 1977 92 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimated Catches of Walleye Pollock Atka Mackerel and Pacific Cod Within Critical Habitat of the Steller Sea Lion in the Bering Sea Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska from 1977 92 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final recovery plan for the steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revisions to the Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures for the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area Groundfish Fisheries written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This environmental assessment/regulatory impact review provides decision-makers and the public with an evaluation of the environmental, social, and economic effects of alternatives to the Steller sea lion protection measures for the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area groundfish fisheries, in particular the Atka mackerel and Pacific cod fisheries. The western distinct population segment (WDPS) of Steller sea lion is listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act, and the species population in the Aleutian Islands is declining. Atka mackerel and Pacific cod are principal prey species for Steller sea lions in the Aleutian Islands. This proposed action would revise management of the Atka mackerel and Pacific cod fisheries to ensure the effects of these fisheries are not likely to result in jeopardy of extinction or adverse modification or destruction of critical habitat for the WDPS of Steller sea lions. This document addresses the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act and Executive Order 12866"--Abstract.
Download or read book Proposed Regulations to Designate Critical Habitat for the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias Jubatus AK CA OR WA Environmental Assessment EA written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book US Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Mammals Ashore written by Joseph R. Geraci and published by National Aquarium in Baltimore. This book was released on 2005 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive manual for understanding and carrying out marine mammal rescue activities for stranded seals, manatees, dolphins, whales, or sea otters.
Download or read book The Bering Sea Ecosystem written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bering Sea, which lies between the United States and Russia, is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and has prolific fishing grounds. Yet there have been significant unexplained population fluctuations in marine mammals and birds in the region. The book examines the Bering Sea ecosystem's dynamics and the relationship between man and the ecosystem, in order to identify potential reasons for the population fluctuations as well as identify ways the Sea's living resources can be better managed by government.
Download or read book Decadal Variation in the Diet of Western Stock Steller Sea Lions Eumetopias Jubatus written by Elizabeth Hacker Sinclair and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) are listed as an endangered species in western Alaska due to a precipitous decline that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. In 2000, cascading declines slowed or ceased and clusters of rookeries between the eastern Aleutian Islands and eastern Gulf of Alaska began to show signs of population growth. Reasons for the decline and for a range-wide failure to recover are unresolved, but reduction in the availability of prey due to commercial fishing or environmental perturbation has been hypothesized. Discerning the diet and patterns of prey use by Steller sea lions (SSL) is fundamental to isolating the mechanisms driving population health. Here we evaluate the frequency of occurrence (FO) of prey species in 3,412 scats of adult female and juvenile SSL collected during 1999-2009, across the range of the U. S. Western Stock. Thirteen primary prey are identified based on their occurrence in ≥ 5% of total scats. We reduce the dimension of the diet profile of the 13 primary prey to two categorical groups through principal component analysis (PC). A hierarchical cluster analysis of PC scores on collection site locations describes four geographic regions of SSL diet (with Amak Island as an outlier) nearly identical to those identified in a previously published 1990-1998 (n = 3,762) dataset. Geographic regions of diet continue to correspond with regional population trends of SSL. The species of primary prey consumed by SSL are analogous between 1990-1998 and 1999-2009. However, the rangewide FO of 7 of the 13 primary prey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) during the latter decade. Only cephalopods (Gonatidae) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) decreased significantly in FO in any season or region between decades. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) of seasonal prey FO determined that trends in the FO of primary prey between decades were locally driven by significant changes within one or more of the four diet regions and fishery conservation management areas (RCA). The most significant increases (p = 0.001) in FO during 1999-2009 were for commercial fishes: arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes sp.), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius), rock sole (Lepidopsetta sp.), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus); and one non-commercial fish species (Pacific sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus) in diet Regions 2 and 3 (RCA zones 6 and 7) between the eastern Aleutian Islands and western Gulf of Alaska. Diversity scores (H') for primary prey were also highest in these regions compared to the previous decade, and are coincident with SSL population increases that began in the same area in 2000. Atka mackerel continues to dominate SSL diet west of Samalga Pass, and walleye pollock continues to dominate SSL diet east of Samalga Pass (despite its decreased presence in diets in Regions 1-3 during 1999-2009). The results of generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) of annual trends (1990-2009) in summer prey FO on each rookery across the study area are consistent with the results of GLMM decadal comparisons. The additional 11 years of data presented here support earlier conclusions that adult female and young juvenile SSL of the Western Stock collectively eat a wide variety of prey species, but demonstrate fidelity to prey types that are predictably available in seasonal concentrations over the continental shelf or other bathymetric structures, within close range of natal rookery sites. Foraging within close proximity to birth and breeding sites keeps adult females close to pups onshore and to young juveniles learning to forage. However, it also increases their vulnerability to potential nearshore environmental and anthropogenic interference which could ultimately influence their reproductive success. It was not the objective of this study to define the relationship between SSL diet and population decline, or to identify the interactive mechanisms that drive diet change. However, coincident patterns emerged that suggest relationships between SSL diet, regional population patterns, climate and fisheries. Some of the patterns are worthy of discussion and future research: 1) the areas of greatest increases in the FO and diversity of prey (Regions 2 and 3) beginning in 1999, overlap with those of the strongest population growth since 1999; 2) the increase in primary prey FO and diversity since 1999 is coincident with increased restrictions on groundfish trawling within SSL Critical Habitat, enacted in 2000; and 3) the area of lowest prey diversity (Region 4) overlaps with those areas of continuing population declines, the most restricted foraging habitat (narrow continental shelf) and the lowest seasonal and temporal variability in sea surface temperature in all years of study.
Download or read book California s Living Marine Resources written by William S. Leet and published by University Of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Califorinia Sea Grant. This book was released on 2001 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 592-page spiral-bound reference provides a baseline of information for all those involved with managing living marine resources in California and chronicles changes that have occurred in many of the state’s fisheries. Organized by marine ecosystems: bays and estuaries, nearshore and offshore. Includes illustrated species descriptions with details of biological knowledge, fishery history, landings data, population status and references. Also includes sections on marine birds and mammals and appendices containing management considerations (by species), a glossary of technical terms and acronyms and fishing gear illustrations. Jointly produced by the California Sea Grant Extension Program and the California Department of Fish and Game following the passage of the Marine Life Protection Act in January 1999.
Download or read book Steller Sea Lion Research written by I. L. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquatic Food Webs written by Andrea Belgrano and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Aquatic Food Webs' provides a current synthesis of theoretical and empirical food web research. The textbook is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers in community, ecosystem, and theoretical ecology, in aquatic ecology, and in conservation biology.
Download or read book Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures for Groundfish Fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Murrelet written by Frank Stevens Hall and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incidental Catch of Marine Mammals by Foreign and Joint Venture Trawl Vessels in the U S EEZ of the North Pacific 1973 88 written by Michael A. Perez and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas for Whales Dolphins and Porpoises written by Erich Hoyt and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Erich Hoyt's handbook is an admirable, timely and highly welcome contribution.'Michael Stachowitsch, Marine EcologyWhat does it mean to save the whales if their habitat is left unprotected? Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises is the definitive handbook on this pressing issue and the first to bridge the gap between the disciplines of marine protected areas and cetacean conservation. It launches a new chapter in cetacean conservation with its investigation into the crucial habitat needs and protection requirements of some 84 species.The author, one of the world's foremost experts in this field, takes you around the world to investigate the promising results of the latest conservation research and the strategies for obtaining marine protected areas in coastal waters and on the high seas, using national legislation and regional and international conventions. This is an essential introduction, guide and reference work for those working to ensure a future for whales and dolphins.
