Download or read book NUSIMEP 6 Uranium Isotope Amount Ratios in Uranium Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Additional Protocol (AP) authorizes safeguards authorities to verify the absence of undeclared nuclear activities in all parts of a state's nuclear fuel cycle as well as any other location where nuclear material is or may be present. As part of the Additional Protocol, environmental sampling has become an important tool for the detection of non-declared nuclear activities. In environmental sampling micrometer-sized uranium particles with an isotopic composition characteristic for the processes at the inspected facility need to be collected, identified and analysed. Considering the potential consequences of the analyses, these measurements need to be subjected to a rigorous quality management system. NUSIMEP-6 focused on measurements of Uranium isotope amount ratios in uranium particles aiming to support laboratories involved in uranium particle analysis. It was the first NUSIMEP on particle analysis coordinated by IRMM and was also intended as a pilot interlaboratory comparison in this field to gather feedback towards future optimisation and improvements. NUSIMEP-6 was open for participation to all laboratories in the field of particle analysis, particularly also to the IAEA network of analytical laboratories for environmental sampling (NWAL). The NUSIMEP test samples were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of well certified uranium hexafluoride close to natural uranium isotopic composition. Participating laboratories in NUSIMEP-6 received a test sample of uranium particles on a graphite planchet with undisclosed isotope amount ratio values n(234U)/n(238U), n(235U)/n(238U) and n(236U)/n(238U). The uranium isotope amount ratios were to be measured using their routine analytical procedures. Measurement of the major ratio n(235U)/n(238U) was obligatory; measurements of the minor ratios n(234U)/n(238U) and n(236U)/n(238U) were optional. 15 institutes reported measurement results using different analytical methods, among those 7 NWAL laboratories. The participants' measurement results were evaluated against the certified reference values. In addition, zeta scores were calculated. The results of NUSIMEP-6 confirm the capability of laboratories in measuring the ratio n(235U)/n(238U) and n(234U)/n(238U) in uranium particles. Difficulties were particularly observed for the ratio n(236U)/n(238U). In addition feedback from the participants was collected in view of improvements and optimisation of future NUSIMEP interlaboratory comparisons for uranium isotope amount ratios in uranium particles.
Download or read book NUSIMEP 7 Uranium Isotope Amount Ratios in Uranium Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NUMISEP 6 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NUMISEP 6 Uranium Isotope Amount Ratios in Uranium Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NUSIMEP 9 written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Uranium written by Zeev Karpas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate uranium analysis, and particularly for isotope measurements, is essential in many fields, including environmental studies, geology, hydrogeology, the nuclear industry, health physics, and homeland security. Nevertheless, only a few scientific books are dedicated to uranium in general and analytical chemistry aspects in particular. Analytical Chemistry of Uranium: Environmental, Forensic, Nuclear, and Toxicological Applications covers the fascinating advances in the field of analytical chemistry of uranium. Exploring a broad range of topics, the book focuses on the analytical aspects of industrial processes that involve uranium, its presence in the environment, health and biological implications of exposure to uranium compounds, and nuclear forensics. Topics include: Examples of procedures used to characterize uranium in environmental samples of soil, sediments, vegetation, water, and air Analytical methods used to examine the rigorous specifications of uranium and its compounds deployed in the nuclear fuel cycle Health aspects of exposure to uranium and the bioassays used for exposure assessment Up-to-date analytical techniques used in nuclear forensics for safeguards in support of non-proliferation, including single particle characterization Each chapter includes an overview of the topic and several examples to demonstrate the analytical procedures. This is followed by sample preparation, separation and purification techniques where necessary. The book supplies readers with a solid understanding of the analytical chemistry approach used today for characterizing the different facets of uranium, providing a good starting point for further investigation into this important element.
Download or read book Study of Chemical Changes in Uranium Oxyfluoride Particles Progress Report June 2008 February 2009 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study aims to demonstrate how knowledge of time-dependent changes in uranium oxyfluoride particles can benefit particle analyses for environmental sampling. Environmental sampling depends upon laboratory analysis of nuclear material that has often been exposed to the environment after it was produced. It is therefore important to understand how those environmental conditions might have changed the chemical composition of the material over time. To investigate this, we prepared a set of uranium oxyfluoride particles at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM-DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Belgium). These UO2F2 particles were prepared from the release and subsequent hydrolysis of UF6 gas, and were stored at LLNL in environmental chambers, set to different humidity, temperature and lighting conditions. An experimental plan was drafted to assess the number of analyses required to track the changes in particle composition, morphology, and structure. Due to its high spatial resolution and excellent transmission, the NanoSIMS secondary ion mass spectrometer at LLNL was found to be the optimal tool to measure individual oxyfluoride particles. This was confirmed by our participation in the inter-laboratory measurement campaign for particle analysis (NUSIMEP-6), organized by the IRMM in June last year. The reported uranium isotope ratios demonstrated the precision and accuracy of the NanoSIMS and ims 3f SIMS measurements at LLNL, and provided a high degree of confidence that the new measurements on the UO2F2 samples will be of comparable high quality. As fluorine is known to be a chemically-sensitive compound, we measured the intensity of the fluorine secondary ions relative to the ions generated by the matrix to evaluate the rate of particle degradation under different environmental conditions. A relative sensitivity factor was empirically determined to convert these measurements to absolute fluorine concentrations. Additional measurements in selected uranium compounds were carried out to account for variations in matrix composition. Because of the complexity of both the SIMS instruments, as well as the nature of the samples, we spent a substantial amount of time on instrument training and instrument set up. The latest NanoSIMS measurements on the freshly-prepared UO2F2 particles however, showed that we are on the right track when it comes to determining the chemical changes in individual uranium particles. At PNNL, several optical techniques including cryogenic laser-induced time-resolved U(VI) fluorescence micro-spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy will be applied to investigate molecular transformations of the particles. As a control, dynamic SIMS measurements will also be performed on a subset of the samples sent to PNNL.
Download or read book The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident written by Peter George Martin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD sought to determine the mechanisms for the reactor explosions by mapping, collecting and analysing samples from across the area of Japan that received radioactive fallout from the explosions. In doing this, the author conducted significant fieldwork in the restricted-access fallout zone using ground and novel UAV-based mapping of radiation to identify hot-spot areas for sample collecting but also using these tools to verify the efficacy of the clean-up operations ongoing in the prefecture. Such fieldwork was both technically pioneering for its use of UAVs (drones) but also selfless in terms of bravely entering a nuclear danger area to collect samples for the greater benefit of the scientific community.
Download or read book Nuclear Non proliferation and Arms Control Verification written by Irmgard Niemeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book strives to take stock of current achievements and existing challenges in nuclear verification, identify the available information and gaps that can act as drivers for exploring new approaches to verification strategies and technologies. With the practical application of the systems concept to nuclear disarmament scenarios and other, non-nuclear verification fields, it investigates, where greater transparency and confidence could be achieved in pursuit of new national or international nonproliferation and arms reduction efforts. A final discussion looks at how, in the absence of formal government-to-government negotiations, experts can take practical steps to advance the technical development of these concepts.
Download or read book Publications Bulletin written by European Commission. Joint Research Centre and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Traditional Stable Isotopes written by Fang-Zhen Teng and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) makes it possible to precisely measure non-traditional stable isotopes. This volume reviews the current status of non-traditional isotope geochemistry from analytical, theoretical, and experimental approaches to analysis of natural samples. In particular, important applications to cosmochemistry, high-temperature geochemistry, low-temperature geochemistry, and geobiology are discussed. This volume provides the most comprehensive review on non-traditional isotope geochemistry for students and researchers who are interested in both the theory and applications of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry.
Download or read book Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides written by Jukka Lehto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.
Download or read book Alpha Beta and Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by K. Siegbahn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Volume 1 offers a comprehensive account of radioactivity and related low-energy phenomena. It summarizes progress in the field of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, including the discovery of the non-conservation of parity, as well as new experimental methods that elucidate the processes of weak interactions in general and beta-decay in particular. Comprised of 14 chapters, the book presents experimental methods and theoretical discussions and calculations to maintain the link between experiment and theory. It begins with a discussion of the interaction of electrons and alpha particles with matter. The book explains the elastic scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei and the interaction between gamma-radiation and matter. It then introduces topic on beta-ray spectrometer theory and design and crystal diffraction spectroscopy of nuclear gamma rays. Moreover, the book discusses the applications of the scintillation counter; proportional counting in gases; and the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the beta- and gamma-rays emitted. In addition, it covers the nuclear shell model; collective nuclear motion and the unified model; and alpha-decay conservation laws. The emissions of gamma-radiation during charged particle bombardment and from fission fragments, as well as the neutron-capture radiation spectroscopy, are also explained. Experimentalists will find this book extremely useful.
Download or read book Nuclear Forensic Analysis written by Kenton J. Moody and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Nuclear Forensic Analysis provides a multidisciplinary reference for forensic scientists, analytical and nuclear chemists, and nuclear physicists in one convenient source. The authors focus particularly on the chemical, physical, and nuclear aspects associated with the production or interrogation of a radioactive sample.
Download or read book Radioactive Particles in the Environment written by Deborah Oughton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive particles have been released to the environment from a number of sources, including nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and discharges from nuclear installations. Particle characteristics influence the mobility, biological uptake and effects of radionuclides, hence information on these characteristics is essential for assessing environmental impact and risks. This publication presents a series of papers covering sources and source term characterisation, methodologies for characterizing particles, and the impact of particles on the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment. Sources covered include the Chernobyl accident, nuclear weapons accidents at Thule and Palomares accident, the discharges from Dounreay and Krashnoyarsk, and depleted uranium in Kosovo and Kuwait. The overall aim is that an increased understanding of particle characteristics and behavior will help to reduce some of the uncertainties in environmental impact and risk assessment for particle contaminated areas.
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by David A. Atwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.
Download or read book Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Handbook written by Simon Nelms and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2005 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for both experienced analysts and new graduates or postgraduates starting to use ICP-MS as part of their academic or industrial research, the ICP Mass Spectrometry Handbook provides a thorough description of ICP-MS instrumentation and techniques, giving the reader sufficient knowledge to approach the technique with confidence.
