Download or read book A Study on New Approaches in Coherent X ray Microscopy of Biological Specimens written by Klaus Giewekemeyer and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2011 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coherent x rays for microscopic imaging has seen a rapid and ongoing development within the past decade, driven by an increasing availability of highly brilliant and coherent sources worldwide. Accordingly, novel methods have been developed, which replace the microscope‘s objective lens by a numerical reconstruction scheme. The aim of the present work is to study how very recent experimental and algorithmic developments in the field can be implemented towards a highly sensitive and fully quantitative microscopy method for imaging of biological cells. To this end, different experimental approaches are studied, based on coherent far-field as well as near-field diffraction. At first, an application of the novel ptychographic imaging method to single biological cells is presented. In particular, it is demonstrated how weakly scattering biological specimens can be imaged with fully quantitative density contrast. Alongside, a sueccessful extension of the method towards soft x-ray energies is described.In the second part of the work it is shown how x-ray waveguides can be used as a point source for propagation-based microscopy of single cells in the hard x-ray regime. The specifically devised iterative reconstruction scheme allows for full quantitativity and high sensitivity and thus enables an application to single biological cells. The work contains a thorough introduction into the x-ray optical methods applied and aims at a useful and self-contained overview on aspects of signal and Fourier theory relevant for the used numerical propagation schemes.
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Lensless Holography Methods for Soft X ray Resonant Coherent Imaging written by Diling Zhu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to interpret and inverse x-ray diffraction patterns from crystals has largely shaped our understanding of the structure of matter. However, structure determination of noncrystalline objects from their diffraction patterns is a much more difficult task. The dramatic increase in available coherent x-ray photon flux over the past decade has made possible a technique known as lensless coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), that addresses exactly this problem. The central question around CDI is the so-called phase problem: upon detection of the diffraction intensity, the phase information of the diffracted wave is inevitably lost. Generally, the phase problem is approached using iterative phase retrieval algorithms. Holographic methods, through interference with reference diffractions, encode the phase information directly inside the measured x-ray holograms, and are therefore able to avoid the stagnation and uniqueness problems commonly encountered by the iterative algorithms. This dissertation discusses two novel holographic methods for coherent lensless imaging using resonant soft x-rays. The first part focuses on generalizing the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction technique, a highly successful method for solving the crystal structures of biomacromolecules, into a multiple-wavelength holography technique for nanoscale resonant x-ray imaging. Using this method I show element specific reconstructions of nanoparticles and magnetization distribution in magnetic thin films with sub 50 nm resolution. The second part discusses progress in X-ray Fourier holography, an ultrafast lensless imaging platform that can be used with the upcoming x-ray free electron lasers. In particular, I will present experiments using two novel types of extended reference structures that bring the resolution beyond the precision of reference fabrication, previously regarded as the resolution limit for x-ray Fourier transform holography. Finally, future applications of holographic methods, especially experimental considerations for time-resolved studies of nanostructures using X-FELs, will be discussed.
Download or read book X Ray Near Field Holography Beyond Idealized Assumptions of the Probe written by Johannes Hagemann and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All images are flawed, no matter how good your lenses, mirrors etc. are. Especially in the hard X-ray regime it is challenging to manufacture high quality optics due to the weak interaction of multi-keV photons with matter. This is a tremendous challenge for obtaining high resolution quantitative X-ray microscopy images. In recent years lensless phase contrast imaging has become an alternative to classical absorptionbased imaging methods. Without any optics, the image is formed only by the free space propagation of the wave field. The actual image has to be formed posteriori by numerical reconstruction methods. Advanced phasing methods enable the experimentalist to recover a complex valued specimen from a single or a set of intensity measurement. This would be the ideal case - reality teaches us that there are no ideal imaging conditions. Describing, understanding and circumventing these non ideal imaging conditions and their effects on X-ray near-field holographic (NFH) imaging are the leitmotifs for this thesis. In NFH the non ideal conditions manifest themselves in the illuminating wave field or probe. The probe generally does not satisfy the canonical assumptions of fully coherent and monochromatic radiation emitted by a point source. The main results of this thesis are compiled as a collection of publications. An approach is shown to reconstruct the probe of a X-ray nano-focus setup by a series of measurements of the probe at varied Fresnel number. The following chapter presents a study concerning the reconstruction efficiency in terms of resolution for near- and far-field based lensless imaging. In the following, the reconstruction scheme for the probe is extended to incorporate the effects of partial coherence in the near field. This enables the recovery of the modal structure of the probe which yields a full description of its coherence properties. Giving up the assumption of temporal stability due to the stochastic pulses, delivered by X-ray free electron lasers, the reconstruction of probe and specimen must be achieved from a single shot. A suitable scheme for this purpose is proposed in this work.
Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 21st Century Nanoscience Handbook will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This seventh volume in a ten-volume set covers bioinspired systems and methods. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.
Download or read book Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics written by Robert Thomson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of ultrafast nonlinear optics is broad and multidisciplinary, and encompasses areas concerned with both the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses of light, as well as those concerned with the applications of such pulses. Ultrashort pulses are extreme events – both in terms of their durations, and also the high peak powers which their short durations can facilitate. These extreme properties make them powerful experiment tools. On one hand, their ultrashort durations facilitate the probing and manipulation of matter on incredibly short timescales. On the other, their ultrashort durations can facilitate high peak powers which can drive highly nonlinear light-matter interaction processes. Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics covers a complete range of topics, both applied and fundamental in nature, within the area of ultrafast nonlinear optics. Chapters 1 to 4 are concerned with the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses. Chapters 5 to 7 are concerned with fundamental applications of ultrashort pulses in metrology and quantum control. Chapters 8 and 9 are concerned with ultrafast nonlinear optics in optical fibres. Chapters 10 to 13 are concerned with the applications of ultrashort pulses in areas such as particle acceleration, microscopy, and micromachining. The chapters are aimed at graduate-student level and are intended to provide the student with an accessible, self-contained and comprehensive gateway into each subject.
Download or read book Fourier Ptychographic Imaging written by Guoan Zheng and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the concept of Fourier ptychography, a new imaging technique that bypasses the resolution limit of the employed optics. In particular, it transforms the general challenge of high-throughput, high-resolution imaging from one that is coupled to the physical limitations of the optics to one that is solvable through computation. Demonstrated in a tutorial form and providing many MATLAB® simulation examples for the reader, it also discusses the experimental implementation and recent developments of Fourier ptychography. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers learning simulation techniques for Fourier optics and the Fourier ptychography concept.
Download or read book Photorefractive Crystals in Coherent Optical Systems written by Mikhail P. Petrov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the processes of optical information recording in photorefractive crystals and applications of these materials in phase-conjugating devices, holographic interferometry, optical computers and sensors. It is in essence an extensive introduction to this new and rapidly developing area of quantum electronics. It presents physical concepts, fundamentals of theory, and important experimental data. A rigorous treatment of basic phenomena is accompanied by a quantitative analysis, which makes the book interesting to experts and accessible for newcomers to the field. Of particular interest to researchers is an extensive summary of basic physical and holographic parameters of all presently known photorefractive crystals and structures and also a detailed critical analysis of their applications.
Download or read book Coherent X Ray Optics written by David Paganin and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray optics is undergoing a renaissance, which may be paralleled to that experienced by visible-light optics following the invention of the laser. The associated surge of activity in "coherent" x-ray optics has been documented in this monograph, the first of its type in the field.
Download or read book Structural Dynamics with X ray and Electron Scattering written by Kasra Amini and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 20th century, X-ray and electron scattering has provided a powerful means by which the location of atoms can be identified in gas-phase molecules and condensed matter with sub-atomic spatial resolution. Scattering techniques can also provide valuable observables of the fundamental properties of electrons in matter such as an electron’s spin and its energy. In recent years, significant technological developments in both X-ray and electron scattering have paved the way to time-resolved analogues capable of capturing real-time snapshots of transient structures undergoing a photochemical reaction. Structural Dynamics with X-ray and Electron Scattering is a two-part book that firstly introduces the fundamental background to scattering theory and photochemical phenomena of interest. The second part discusses the latest advances and research results from the application of ultrafast scattering techniques to imaging the structure and dynamics of gas-phase molecules and condensed matter. This book aims to provide a unifying platform for X-ray and electron scattering.
Download or read book Advanced Holography written by Izabela Naydenova and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Holography - Metrology and Imaging covers digital holographic microscopy and interferometry, including interferometry in the infra red. Other topics include synthetic imaging, the use of reflective spatial light modulators for writing dynamic holograms and image display using holographic screens. Holography is discussed as a vehicle for artistic expression and the use of software for the acquisition of skills in optics and holography is also presented. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific topic, with a survey of developments to date.
Download or read book Ultrafast Phenomena XVI written by Paul Corkum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-23 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrafast Phenomena XVI presents the latest advances in ultrafast science, including both ultrafast optical technology and the study of ultrafast phenomena. It covers picosecond, femtosecond and attosecond processes relevant to applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Ultrafast technology has a profound impact in a wide range of applications, amongst them biomedical imaging, chemical dynamics, frequency standards, material processing, and ultrahigh speed communications. This book summarizes the results presented at the 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and provides an up-to-date view of this important and rapidly advancing field.
Download or read book Progress in Optics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-04-18 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Optics, Volume 68 highlights new advances in the field of optics, with this updated volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics in the field. Chapters in this release include Nonlinear Optical Polarimetry with application in biomicroscopy, Single-photon Sources, Introduction to Tensor Networks and Matrix Product States with Applications in Cavity and Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics, Rotated frames, Phase retrieval, and more. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors who review the latest developments in optics. - Covers medical imaging, physical optics, integrated optics and quantum optics - Includes contributions from leading authorities in the field of optics - Presents timely, state-of-the-art reviews on advances in optics
Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 218 merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains. Specific chapters in this release cover Phase retrieval methods applied to coherent imaging, X-ray phase-contrast imaging: a broad overview of some fundamentals, Graphene and borophene as nanoscopic materials for electronics – with review of the physics, and more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Coulomb Interactions in Charged Particle Beams
Download or read book X Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the 'go-to' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.
Download or read book Biomedical Optical Phase Microscopy and Nanoscopy written by Natan T. Shaked and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading optical phase microscopy experts, this book is a comprehensive reference to phase microscopy and nanoscopy techniques for biomedical applications, including differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, digital holographic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, tomographic phase microscopy, spectral-domain phase detection, and nanoparticle usage for phase nanoscopy The Editors show biomedical and optical engineers how to use phase microscopy for visualizing unstained specimens, and support the theoretical coverage with applied content and examples on designing systems and interpreting results in bio- and nanoscience applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and techniques of optical phase microscopy and nanoscopy with biomedical applications - Tips/advice on building systems and working with advanced imaging biomedical techniques, including interpretation of phase images, and techniques for quantitative analysis based on phase microscopy - Interdisciplinary approach that combines optical engineering, nanotechnology, biology and medical aspects of this topic. Each chapter includes practical implementations and worked examples
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
