Download or read book Nuclear Biological Chemical and Missile Proliferation Sanctions written by Dianne E. Rennack and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of economic sanctions to stem weapons proliferation acquired a new dimension in the 1990's. While earlier legislation required the cut-off of foreign aid to countries engaged in specified nuclear proliferation activities and mentioned other sanctions as a possible mechanism for bringing countries into compliance with goals of treaties or international agreements, it was not until 1990 that Congress enacted explicit guidelines for trade sanctions related to missile proliferation. In that year a requirement for the President to impose sanctions against US persons or foreign persons engaging in trade of items or technology listed in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex (MTCR Annex) was added to the Arms Export Control Act and to the Export Administration Act of 1979. Subsequently, Congress legislated economic sanctions against countries that contribute to the proliferation of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons in a broad array of laws. This book offers a listing and brief description of legal provisions that require or authorise the imposition of some form of economic sanction against countries, companies, or persons who violate U.S. non-proliferation norms. For each provision, information is included on what triggers the imposition of sanctions, their duration, what authority the President has to delay or abstain from imposing sanctions, and what authority the President has to waive the imposition of sanctions.
Download or read book Crs Report for Congress written by Congressional Research Service: The Libr and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of economic sanctions to stem weapons proliferation acquired a new dimension in the 1990s. While earlier legislation required the cutoff of foreign aid to countries engaged in specified nuclear proliferation activities and mentioned other sanctions as a possible mechanism for bringing countries into compliance with goals of treaties or international agreements, it was not until 1990 that Congress enacted explicit guidelines for trade sanctions related to missile proliferation. In that year a requirement for the President to impose sanctions against U.S. persons or foreign persons engaging in trade of items or technology listed in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex (MTCR Annex) was added to the Arms Export Control Act and to the Export Administration Act of 1979. Subsequently, Congress legislated economic sanctions against countries that contribute to the proliferation of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons in a broad array of laws. This report offers a listing and brief description of legal provisions that require or authorize the imposition of some form of economic sanction against countries, companies, or persons who violate U.S. nonproliferation norms. For each provision, information is included on what triggers the imposition of sanctions, their duration, what authority the President has to delay or ...
Download or read book Nuclear Biological Chemical and Missle Proliferation Sanctions Selected Current Law written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Biological Chemical and Missile Proliferation Sanctions written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of sanctions specifically to stem weapons proliferation is a relatively new development in U.S. foreign policy. While earlier legislation required the cutoff of foreign aid to countries engaged in specified nuclear proliferation activities and mentioned other sanctions as a possible mechanism for bringing countries into compliance with goals of treaties or international agreements, it was not until 1990 that Congress enacted explicit guidelines for trade sanctions related to missile proliferation. In that year a requirement for the President to impose sanctions against U.S. persons or foreign persons engaging in trade of items or technology listed in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex (MTCR Annex) was added that year to the Arms Export Control Act and to the Export Administration Act of 1979. Subsequently, Congress legislated economic sanctions against countries that contribute to the proliferation of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons in a broad array of laws. This report offers a listing and brief description of legal provisions that require or authorize the imposition of some form of economic sanction against countries, companies, or persons who violate U.S. nonproliferation norms. For each provision, information is included on what triggers the imposition of sanctions, their duration, what authority the President has to delay or abstain from imposing sanctions, and what authority the President has to waive the imposition of sanctions.
Download or read book Nonproliferation Sanctions written by Richard Speier and published by Minnesota Historical Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and missiles for these weapons' delivery is a major threat to international security. This study examines the United States' use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent such proliferation. This study begins with a review of the objectives and provisions of the various U.S. nonproliferation sanctions laws. The legal provisions are compared at each step of the sanctions process. The study then reviews the history of the application of sanctions against proliferation, and the problems revealed by the experience. It then explores alternatives for dealing with these problems-including possible actions by both Congress and the Executive Branch, and concludes with recommendations.
Download or read book Nonproliferation Sanctions written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and missiles for these weapons' delivery is a major threat to international security. This study examines the United States' use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent such proliferation. This report should be of interest to analysts, lawyers, public-interest groups, and government officials working on sanctions issues.
Download or read book Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction written by and published by Congress. This book was released on 1993 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proliferation Control Regimes written by Sharon A. Squassoni and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the background and current status of the regimes intended to limit the spread of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missiles. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD), especially in the hands of radical states and terrorists, represent a major threat to US national security interests. Multilateral regimes were established to restrict world trade in these goods and technologies and to monitor certain civil applications. The nuclear non-proliferation regime encompasses several treaties, extensive multilateral and bilateral diplomatic agreements, multilateral organisations and domestic agencies, and the domestic laws of participating countries. The nuclear regime represents a near-universal international consensus opposing any further spread of nuclear weapons. Since the beginning of the nuclear age, US leadership has played a decisive role in the development of the regime. The regime is being challenged from several directions, as demonstrated by the Indian and Pakistani nuclear detonations in 1998. Many observers believe the success of the nuclear non-proliferation regime should be a top priority and that its outcome will strongly influence the effectiveness of other regimes dedicated to controlling chemical and biological weapons and missiles.
Download or read book Deadly Arsenals written by Joseph Cirincione and published by Carnegie Endowment. This book was released on 2005 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative study of the dangers nations face today from weapons of mass destruction and the successes and failures of international nonproliferation efforts. This proliferation atlas documents with maps, charts, and graphs the spread of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missile delivery systems. The book describes the weapons and the regimes that try to control them; it also details the countries that have, want, or have given up weapons of mass destruction.
Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Corona Brezina and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2004-12-15 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the use of treaties, inspections, sanctions, and diplomacy to control the build-up of arms.
Download or read book Proliferation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nuclear Non Proliferation Regime written by Raju G.C. Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international security scholars and policy advisors from universities, think-tanks, and nuclear weapons laboratories in the United States analyze the future of nuclear weapons proliferation. In April 1995, the earlier 1970 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was renewed indefinitely and without change to the original clauses of the treaty. The authors examine the continuing relevance or irrelevance of the old treaty, the role of coercive sanctions in enforcing restraint, and the impact of biological, chemical and missile proliferation on the nuclear motives and ambitions of various states. Attention is given to proliferation conditions in the former Soviet republics, East and South Asia and the Middle East.
Download or read book Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction assessing the risks written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has become much more prominent in U.S. national security and foreign policy planning. Revelations about Iraqi, North Korean, South African, and Israeli nuclear weapon programs, the possibility of a nuclear arms race in South Asia, and the multidimensional conflicts in the Middle East all point to the immediacy of this problem. Adding a dangerous new twist is the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a superpower armed with nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons whose successor states are wracked by economic crises and political instability. At least three main factors underlie this renewed emphasis on proliferation. First, the reduced military threat from the former Soviet Union has increased the relative importance of lesser powers, especially if armed with weapons of mass destruction. Second, certain international political and technological trends are increasing the threat to international security from proliferation. Third, new opportunities are opening for enhancing the current international regimes designed to stem proliferation. Since at least as far back as the l96Os, when it sponsored the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the United States has recognized that proliferation is a global problem and combating it requires high levels of international cooperation. This country has also exerted unilateral influence, successfully in several cases, to discourage proliferation; it will no doubt continue to do so. Nevertheless, placing priority on nonproliferation will require the further development and enforcement of international norms and behavior supporting that objective. International conditions today offer significant opportunities for such cooperation.
Download or read book Limiting the Proliferation of Weapons written by Jean-François Rioux and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1992-11-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of arms control experts addresses important questions raised by the use of export sales restrictions in controlling the spread of weapons. In non-technical language, they examine vital issues relating to ballistic missiles, as well as to nuclear, chemical, biological and conventional weapons.
Download or read book National Security Implications of Missile Proliferation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preventive War and Its Alternatives written by Dan Reiter and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2002 National Security Strategy suggested preventive attacks, diplomacy, deterrence, and other policies as means of curtailing threats presented by the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons to terrorists and rogue states. The author analyzes which mix of these policies might best and most cost effectively address the NBC threat, with special focus on preventive attacks. The past performances of preventive attacks, diplomacy, deterrence, and other policies as means of curtailing the NBC threat are analyzed. The central findings are that preventive attacks are generally unsuccessful at delaying the spread of NBC weapons; that deterrence, especially nuclear deterrence, is highly successful at preventing the use of NBC weapons by states; and that diplomacy has had moderate and perhaps unappreciated success at curtailing the spread of NBC weapons. The author also discusses how funds spent on preventive wars, which are much more expensive than diplomacy or deterrence, might be better spent to combat threats from terrorism and proliferation, on initiatives such as fissile material recovery, ballistic missile defense, and port security.
Download or read book The Politics of Ballistic Missile Nonproliferation written by W. Bowen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-01-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the presidency of George Bush (1989-93), the proliferation of nuclear chemical and biological weapons, and the ballistic missiles capable of delivering them, rose greatly in significance as issues on the American security agenda. In the missile field, this became evident by the efforts of certain elements in the executive branch and several congressmen to improve domestic and international implementation of the Missile Technology Control Regime. The Politics of Ballistic Missile Nonproliferation examines the political, bureaucratic and systemic issues that interacted to determine the outcome of these efforts.
