Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Final Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Phase 11 Final Technical Report of the subcontract titled {open_quotes}Novel Two-Stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin Film CIS Cells and Submodules.{close_quotes} The general objectives of the program are the development of a cost-effective, large-area process for CIS film deposition, optimization of the various layers forming the CIS device structure, and fabrication of high efficiency submodules using these optimized device components. During this research period, growth parameters of ZnO window layers were varied to optimize their electrical and optical properties. Investigation of the chemical interactions between the glass substrates, Mo layers and the selenization atmosphere revealed that the nature of the glass/Mo substrate greatly influenced the quality of the solar cells fabricated on them. Moderate amounts of sodium diffusing from the soda-lime glass substrate into the CIS film improved the efficiencies of the solar cells fabricated on such films. Mo layers allowing excessive Na diffusion through them, on the other hand, reacted excessively with the H2Se environment and deteriorated the solar cell performance. Addition of Ga into the CIS layers by the two-stage selenization technique yielded graded absorber structures with higher Ga content near the Mo/absorber interface. Cu-rich CIS layers were grown with grain sizes of larger than 5 [mu]m. In the Phase I Annual Report large area CIS submodules with efficiencies of about 3% were reported. During the present Phase II program 1 ft2 size CIS submodule efficiency was improved to 7%. Smaller area submodules with efficiencies as high as 9.79% were also fabricated using CIS layers obtained by the H2Se selenization method. The processing yield of the devices based on a non-vacuum CIS deposition approach was improved and solar cells with efficiencies greater than 10% were fabricated.
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Fial Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules written by B. Basol and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-11 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe2 Fabrication Annual Subcontract Report 1 May 1992 31 October 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work exploring a new technique for the formation of Culn(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x}Se2 thin films. The cu deposition was separated fro the Ga+In deposition such that precursor films with compositions of either Cu(subscript x)Se or (In(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x})2Se3 were formed. These precursors were exposed to either (a) In+Ga+Se or (b) cu+Se at substrate temperatures> 500 C to form Galn(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x}Se2. Films made from the Cu(subscript x)Se precursors were unexceptional, but films made from the (In(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x})2Se3 precursors were of exceptional smoothness and density. During the period covered in this report, a device made fro one of these films resulted in what, at the time, was the highest total-area efficiency measured for any non-single-crystal, thin-film solar cell, at 15.9%.
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe Sub 2 Fabrication written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to form thin films of CuInSe2 (CIS) by annealing precursor films containing Cu, In, and Se in a rapid thermal processor. This involves two steps: (1) a precursor containing Cu, In, and Se is deposited on unheated substrates such that CIS does not form during this deposition step, and (2) the precursor is annealed in a rapid thermal processor to crystallize the CIS. Advantages of this process are that (1) no H2Se is used; (2) concentration gradients can potentially be built into the film due to the rapid anneal; and (3) the precursor can potentially be deposited using scalable methods such as sputtering, solution growth, and electrodeposition. The deposition method used was three-source, elemental physical vapor deposition. At room temperature, such a method was considered to be a flexible way to deposit a precursor that would be fairly typical of precursors deposited by more scalable techniques. Precursors were made both by the stacked elemental layer approach, where one element at a time wsas evaporated, as well as by a co-evaporation method. Adhesion problems limited device performance, and the co-evaporated precursors displayed unintended segregation of Cu and I in a direction normal to the film plane. The best cell efficiency was 3.5%.
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Novel 2SSS CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells for Large Scale Manufacturing written by Keshavanand Jayadevan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel 2SSS (2 Step Solid Selenization) CIGS (Cu, In, Ga, Se) thin film solar cell recipe was developed which can be a replacement to the conventional co-deposition process usually employed for large-scale manufacturing. The co-deposition procedure is faced with multiple problems such as selenium incorporation, effective gallium incorporation in the absorber. It is a 2-step proprietary procedure with better control over growth mechanisms and material utilization for the absorber layer for the CIGS thin film solar cells. It makes use of solid selenium source as preferred by manufacturers. Each step of the 2-step procedure was dealt with separately for stoichiometric analysis and interesting trade-offs between materials such as gallium, indium and selenium was found. Solar cells with this proprietary absorber were fabricated on soda lime glass substrates. Results of the solar cells made with the 2SSS process matched with that of the co-deposition process with the quantum efficiencies near 80% of the co-deposition cells. These experiments are going to serve as the test bed for the pilot line that is intended to be installed at USF's research campus soon. The finished solar cells were characterized. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were some of the important tools during the analysis of stoichiometry and structural properties. The device performances were measured with the help of current-voltage (I-V) testing and quantum efficiency (QE) measurements.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Manufacturing written by Monika Freunek Muller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PHOTOVOLTAIC MANUFACTURING This book covers the state-of-the-art and the fundamentals of silicon wafer solar cells manufacturing, written by world-class researchers and experts in the field. High quality and economic photovoltaic manufacturing is central to realizing reliable photovoltaic power supplies at reasonable cost. While photovoltaic silicon wafer manufacturing is at a mature, industrial and mass production stage, knowing and applying the fundamentals in solar manufacturing is essential to anyone working in this field. This is the first book on photovoltaic wet processing for silicon wafers, both mono- and multi-crystalline. The comprehensive book provides information for process, equipment, and device engineers and researchers in the solar manufacturing field. The authors of the chapters are world-class researchers and experts in their field of endeavor. The fundamentals of wet processing chemistry are introduced, covering etching, texturing, cleaning and metrology. New developments, innovative approaches, as well as current challenges are presented. Benefits of reading the book include: The book includes a detailed discussion of the important new development of black silicon, which is considered to have started a new wave in photovoltaics and become the new standard while substantially lowering the cost. Photovoltaics are central to any country’s “New Green Deal” and this book shows how to manufacture competitively. The book’s central goal is to show photovoltaic manufacturing can be done with enhanced quality and lowering costs. Audience Engineers, chemists, physicists, process technologists, in both academia and industry, that work with photovoltaics and their manufacture.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Science and Technology Strained Layer Superlattices written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-02-20 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following blurb to be used for the AP Report and ATI only as both volumes will not appear together there.****Strained-layer superlattices have been developed as an important new form of semiconducting material with applications in integrated electro-optics and electronics. Edited by a pioneer in the field, Thomas Pearsall, this volume offers a comprehensive discussion of strained-layer superlattices and focuses on fabrication technology and applications of the material. This volume combines with Volume 32, Strained-Layer Superlattices: Physics, in this series to cover a broad spectrum of topics, including molecular beam epitaxy, quantum wells and superlattices, strain-effects in semiconductors, optical and electrical properties of semiconductors, and semiconductor devices.****The following previously approved blurb is to be used in all other direct mail and advertising as both volumes will be promoted together.****Strained-layer superlattices have been developed as an important new form of semiconducting material with applications in integrated electro-optics and electronics. Edited by a pioneer in the field, Thomas Pearsall, this two-volume survey offers a comprehensive discussion of the physics of strained-layer superlattices (Volume 32), as well as detailing fabrication technology and applications of the material (Volume 33). Although each volume is edited to stand alone, the two books combine to cover a broad spectrum of topics, including molecular beam epitaxy, quantum wells and superlattices, strain-effects in semiconductors, optical and electrical properties of semiconductors, and semiconductor devices.
