Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Annual Subcontract Report 25 March 1992 28 February 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Phase 1 Annual Technical Progress Report of a subcontract titled {open_quotes}Novel Two-Stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin-Film CIS Cells and Submodules.{close_quotes} The objectives of the program are the development of a cost effective process for CIS film deposition, optimization of various layers forming the CIS solar cell and fabrication of submodules using these processes and devices. During this first phase of the program the authors have completed their 1 ft2 size processing capabilities and added to their facilities an in-line sputtering system that can handle up to 1 ft2 size substrates. They have optimized the sputtering conditions for the Mo contact as well as the Cu and In films. Thickness uniformity of the Cu and In layers have also been optimized by masking the magnetron cathodes to obtain a variation of 3% throughout a ft2 substrate. Using the resulting films, they have demonstrated their first large area CIS submodules with outputs of about 3W/ft2. Addition of a computer controlled mechanical scriber to the fabrication facilities, and optimization of the large-area ZnO layers are expected to improve the power output of these submodules to over 5W/ft2 shortly. In addition to the large-area submodule work, the authors have also carried out research aimed at the development of a non-vacuum processing approach for the growth of CIS layers. They have deposited films using this technique, and small-area cells with over 10% conversion efficiency have been demonstrated on such CIS layers.
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Final Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Phase 11 Final Technical Report of the subcontract titled[open-quotes]Novel Two-Stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin Film CIS Cells and Submodules.[close-quotes] The general objectives of the program are the development of a cost-effective, large-area process for CIS film deposition, optimization of the various layers forming the CIS device structure, and fabrication of high efficiency submodules using these optimized device components. During this research period, growth parameters of ZnO window layers were varied to optimize their electrical and optical properties. Investigation of the chemical interactions between the glass substrates, Mo layers and the selenization atmosphere revealed that the nature of the glass/Mo substrate greatly influenced the quality of the solar cells fabricated on them. Moderate amounts of sodium diffusing from the soda-lime glass substrate into the CIS film improved the efficiencies of the solar cells fabricated on such films. Mo layers allowing excessive Na diffusion through them, on the other hand, reacted excessively with the H[sup 2]Se environment and deteriorated the solar cell performance. Addition of Ga into the CIS layers by the two-stage selenization technique yielded graded absorber structures with higher Ga content near the Mo/absorber interface. Cu-rich CIS layers were grown with grain sizes of larger than 5[mu]m. In the Phase I Annual Report large area CIS submodules with efficiencies of about 3% were reported. During the present Phase II program 1 ft[sup 2] size CIS submodule efficiency was improved to 7%. Smaller area submodules with efficiencies as high as 9.79% were also fabricated using CIS layers obtained by the H[sub 2]Se selenization method. The processing yield of the devices based on a non-vacuum CIS deposition approach was improved and solar cells with efficiencies greater than 10% were fabricated.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Fial Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules written by B. Basol and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Processing Technology for High efficiency Thin film CuInSe2 Solar Cells Annual Subcontract Report 1 March 1992 28 February 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to develop novel fabrication for CuInSe2 (CIS) solar cells that will result in improved performance and cost effectiveness at the manufacturing level. The primary approach involves all solid-state processing for CIS. This was augmented by work to provide novel alternatives for the formation of the window layer/heterojunction contact. Inherent to the project was the need to develop a generic understanding of the relationship between processing and performance so that broad-based transfer to industry can be facilitated. We achieved good-electronic-quality CIS by the use of two selenization procedures for predeposited metal layers. We achieved good stoichiometry throughout the bulk of the film, attained grain sizes of up to 1 [mu]m, and measured electron mobilities of up to 60 cm2V-s. However, there is a complex relationship between grain size, adhesion, and performance. Our primary approach to characterization was to fabricate ZnO/CIS test devices and measure as many properties as possible in device format. We are also developing reactive sputtering of ZnO as an alternative window layer technology.
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe2 Fabrication Annual Subcontract Report 1 May 1992 31 October 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work exploring a new technique for the formation of Culn(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x}Se2 thin films. The cu deposition was separated fro the Ga+In deposition such that precursor films with compositions of either Cu(subscript x)Se or (In(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x})2Se3 were formed. These precursors were exposed to either (a) In+Ga+Se or (b) cu+Se at substrate temperatures> 500 C to form Galn(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x}Se2. Films made from the Cu(subscript x)Se precursors were unexceptional, but films made from the (In(subscript x)Ga{sub 1-x})2Se3 precursors were of exceptional smoothness and density. During the period covered in this report, a device made fro one of these films resulted in what, at the time, was the highest total-area efficiency measured for any non-single-crystal, thin-film solar cell, at 15.9%.
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe2 Fabrication written by A. M. Gabor and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Processing Technology for High efficiency Thin film CuInSe2 and Solar Cells written by Don Louis Morel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe2 Fabrication written by A. M. Gabor and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of CIS to High efficiency Pv Module Fabrication written by Bulent Mehmet Basol and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigated the interactions between the soda-lime glass substrate, the Mo contact film and the CIS absorber layer. Excessive Na diffusion through the Mo layer was found to be the reason for excessive interaction between the substrate and the CIS layers obtained by the H2Se selenization technique. This chemical interaction influenced the stoichiometric uniformity of the absorbers. Addition of Ga into the CIS layers by the two-stage selenization technique yielded graded absorber structures with higher Ga content near the Mo/absorber interface. Gallium was later diffused through the absorber film by a high-temperature annealing step, and large bandgap alloys were obtained. Solar cells with active-area efficiencies of close to 12% were fabricated on these CIGS layers. Sulfur addition experiments were also carried out during this period. By controlling the Se and S availability to the precursors during the reaction step of the process, various S profiles were obtained in high-bandgap absorber layers. The highest efficiency cell made on S-containing absorbers was about 10% efficient. A low-cost, non-vacuum technique was successfully developed for CIS film growth. Layers prepared using this novel approach were used for solar-cell and submodule fabrication. Solar cells with active-area efficiencies around 13% were demonstrated; submodules with efficiencies above 8% were also fabricated. These results represent the best PV devices ever produced on CIS layers obtained by a non-vacuum technique.
Download or read book Innovative Sputtering Techniques for CIS and CdTe Submodule Fabrication written by J. M. Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non H2Se Ultra thin CuInSe2 Devices Annual Subcontract Report November 10 1992 November 9 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes advances made during Phase II (November 10, 1992-November 9, 1993) of a three-phase, cost-shared subcontract whose ultimate goal is the demonstration of thin film CuInSe2 photovoltaic modules prepared by methods adaptable to safe, high yield, high volume manufacturing. At the end of Phase I, EPV became one of the first groups to clear the 10% efficiency barrier for CIS cells prepared by non-H2Se selenization. During Phase II a total area efficiency of 12.5% was achieved for a 1 cm2 cell. The key achievement of Phase II was the production of square foot CIS modules without the use of H2Se. This is seen as a crucial step towards the commercialization of CIS. Using a novel interconnect technology, EPV delivered an 8.0% aperture area efficiency mini-module and a 6.2% aperture area efficiency 720 cm2 module to NREL. On the processing side, advances were made in precursor formation and the selenization profile, both of which contributed to higher quality CIS. The higher band gap quaternary chalcopyrite material CuIn(Sx, Se{sub 1-X})2 was prepared and 8% cells were fabricated using this material. Device analysis revealed a correlation between long wavelength quantum efficiency and the CIS Cu/In ratio. Temperature dependent studies highlighted the need for high V{sub OC} devices to minimize the impact of the voltage drop at operating temperature. Numerical modeling of module performance was performed in order to identify the correct ZnO sheet resistance for modules. Efforts in Phase III will focus on increase of module efficiency to 9-10%, initiation of an outdoor testing program, preparation of completely uniform CIS plates using second generation selenization equipment, and exploration of alternative precursors for CIS formation.
Download or read book Application of CIS to High efficiency PV Module Fabrication Annual Technical Progress Report April 1 1995 March 31 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors investigated the interactions between the soda-lime glass substrate, the Mo contract film and the CIS absorber layer. Excessive Na diffusion through the Mo layer was found to be the reason for excessive interaction between the substrate and the CIS layers obtained by the H2Se selenization technique. This chemical interaction influenced the stoichiometric uniformity of the absorbers. Addition of Ga into the CIS layers by the two-stage selenization technique yielded graded absorber structures with higher Ga content near the Mo/absorber interface. Gallium was later diffused through the absorber film by a high-temperature annealing step, and large bandgap alloys were obtained. Solar cells with active-area efficiencies of close to 12% were fabricated on these CIGS layers. Sulfur addition experiments were also carried out during this period. By controlling the Se and S availability to the precursors during the reaction step of the process, various S profiles were obtained in high-bandgap absorber layers. The highest-efficiency cell made on S-containing absorbers was about 10% efficient. A low-cost, non-vacuum technique was successfully developed for CIS film growth. Layers prepared using this novel approach were used for solar-cell and submodule fabrication. Solar cells with active-area efficiencies around 13% were demonstrated; submodules with efficiencies above 8% were also fabricated. These results represent the best PV devices ever produced on CIS layers obtained by a non-vacuum technique.
