Download or read book Novel Tools for the Study of Structural and Functional Networks in the Brain written by Luis M. Colon-Perez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of neuroscience, technological advances are the drivers behind many major advances in our understanding of the nervous system. Investigations of the structure and function of the brain take place on multiple scales, including macroscale at the level of brain regions, mesoscale at the level of neuronal populations, and microscale at the level of single neurons and neuron to neuron interactions. Integration of knowledge over these scales requires novel techniques and interpretations. In this research topic, we highlight nine articles that integrate structural and functional approaches to study brain networks.

Download or read book Networks of the Brain written by Olaf Sporns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrative overview of network approaches to neuroscience explores the origins of brain complexity and the link between brain structure and function. Over the last decade, the study of complex networks has expanded across diverse scientific fields. Increasingly, science is concerned with the structure, behavior, and evolution of complex systems ranging from cells to ecosystems. In Networks of the Brain, Olaf Sporns describes how the integrative nature of brain function can be illuminated from a complex network perspective. Highlighting the many emerging points of contact between neuroscience and network science, the book serves to introduce network theory to neuroscientists and neuroscience to those working on theoretical network models. Sporns emphasizes how networks connect levels of organization in the brain and how they link structure to function, offering an informal and nonmathematical treatment of the subject. Networks of the Brain provides a synthesis of the sciences of complex networks and the brain that will be an essential foundation for future research.

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Connectivity written by Viktor K. Jirsa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our contemporary understanding of brain function is deeply rooted in the ideas of the nonlinear dynamics of distributed networks. Cognition and motor coordination seem to arise from the interactions of local neuronal networks, which themselves are connected in large scales across the entire brain. The spatial architectures between various scales inevitably influence the dynamics of the brain and thereby its function. But how can we integrate brain connectivity amongst these structural and functional domains? Our Handbook provides an account of the current knowledge on the measurement, analysis and theory of the anatomical and functional connectivity of the brain. All contributors are leading experts in various fields concerning structural and functional brain connectivity. In the first part of the Handbook, the chapters focus on an introduction and discussion of the principles underlying connected neural systems. The second part introduces the currently available non-invasive technologies for measuring structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Part three provides an overview of the analysis techniques currently available and highlights new developments. Part four introduces the application and translation of the concepts of brain connectivity to behavior, cognition and the clinical domain.

Download or read book Micro Meso and Macro Connectomics of the Brain written by Henry Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.

Download or read book Neuronal Networks in Brain Function CNS Disorders and Therapeutics written by Carl Faingold and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics, edited by two leaders in the field, offers a current and complete review of what we know about neural networks. How the brain accomplishes many of its more complex tasks can only be understood via study of neuronal network control and network interactions. Large networks can undergo major functional changes, resulting in substantially different brain function and affecting everything from learning to the potential for epilepsy. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, this book advances the understanding of: How the brain carries out important tasks via networks How these networks interact in normal brain function Major mechanisms that control network function The interaction of the normal networks to produce more complex behaviors How brain disorders can result from abnormal interactions How therapy of disorders can be advanced through this network approach This book will benefit neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in networks, as well as clinicians in neuroscience, pharmacology, and psychiatry dealing with neurobiological disorders. Utilizes perspectives and tools from various neuroscience subdisciplines (cellular, systems, physiologic), making the volume broadly relevant Chapters explore normal network function and control mechanisms, with an eye to improving therapies for brain disorders Reflects predominant disciplinary shift from an anatomical to a functional perspective of the brain Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available

Download or read book Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain

Download or read book Advancing Our Understanding of Structure and Function in the Brain Developing Novel Approaches for Network Inference and Emergent Phenomena written by Chris G. Antonopoulos and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Discovering the Human Connectome written by Olaf Sporns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneer in the field outlines new empirical and computational approaches to mapping the neural connections of the human brain. Crucial to understanding how the brain works is connectivity, and the centerpiece of brain connectivity is the connectome, a comprehensive description of how neurons and brain regions are connected. In this book, Olaf Sporns surveys current efforts to chart these connections—to map the human connectome. He argues that the nascent field of connectomics has already begun to influence the way many neuroscientists collect, analyze, and think about their data. Moreover, the idea of mapping the connections of the human brain in their entirety has captured the imaginations of researchers across several disciplines including human cognition, brain and mental disorders, and complex systems and networks. Discovering the Human Connectome offers the first comprehensive overview of current empirical and computational approaches in this rapidly developing field.

Download or read book Connectomics written by Brent C. Munsell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-08 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connectomics: Applications to Neuroimaging is unique in presenting the frontier of neuro-applications using brain connectomics techniques. The book describes state-of-the-art research that applies brain connectivity analysis techniques to a broad range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, stroke, autism, Parkinson’s, drug or alcohol addiction, depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia), brain fingerprint applications, speech-language assessments, and cognitive assessment. With this book the reader will learn: Basic mathematical principles underlying connectomics How connectomics is applied to a wide range of neuro-applications What is the future direction of connectomics techniques. This book is an ideal reference for researchers and graduate students in computer science, data science, computational neuroscience, computational physics, or mathematics who need to understand how computational models derived from brain connectivity data are being used in clinical applications, as well as neuroscientists and medical researchers wanting an overview of the technical methods. Features: Combines connectomics methods with relevant and interesting neuro-applications Covers most of the hot topics in neuroscience and clinical areas Appeals to researchers in a wide range of disciplines: computer science, engineering, data science, mathematics, computational physics, computational neuroscience, as well as neuroscience, and medical researchers interested in the technical methods of connectomics Combines connectomics methods with relevant and interesting neuro-applications Presents information that will appeal to researchers in a wide range of disciplines, including computer science, engineering, data science, mathematics, computational physics, computational neuroscience, and more Includes a mathematics primer that formulates connectomics from an applied point-of-view, thus avoiding difficult to understand theoretical perspective Lists publicly available neuro-imaging datasets that can be used to construct structural and functional connectomes

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Connectivity written by Viktor K. Jirsa and published by Springer Verlag. This book was released on 2007-07-30 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our contemporary understanding of brain function is deeply rooted in the ideas of the nonlinear dynamics of distributed networks. Cognition and motor coordination seem to arise from the interactions of local neuronal networks, which themselves are connected in large scales across the entire brain. The spatial architectures between various scales inevitably influence the dynamics of the brain and thereby its function. But how can we integrate brain connectivity amongst these structural and functional domains? Our Handbook provides an account of the current knowledge on the measurement, analysis and theory of the anatomical and functional connectivity of the brain. All contributors are leading experts in various fields concerning structural and functional brain connectivity. In the first part of the Handbook, the chapters focus on an introduction and discussion of the principles underlying connected neural systems. The second part introduces the currently available non-invasive technologies for measuring structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Part three provides an overview of the analysis techniques currently available and highlights new developments. Part four introduces the application and translation of the concepts of brain connectivity to behavior, cognition and the clinical domain.

Download or read book Study of Brain Complexity Using Information Theory Tools written by Ester Bonmatí Coll and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is a complex network that shares and processes information by using the structural paths between areas in order to perform a function. The connectome models the brain as a graph where nodes correspond to brain regions and edges to structural or functional connections. In this thesis, we investigate and provide new methods to study the brain complexity and improve the understanding of the brain functioning by using information theory. Firstly, we focus on brain parcellation, which is a key step to perform brain studies since determines the regions to be analyzed. Secondly, we focus on the definition of measures to characterize the complexity of the brain networks. Finally, the consistency of the results across healthy subjects using functional or structural connectivity data, demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of the proposed methods.

Download or read book The Graph Theoretical Approach in Brain Functional Networks written by Fabrizio Fallani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book illustrates the theoretical aspects of several methodologies related to the possibility of i) enhancing the poor spatial information of the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity on the scalp and giving a measure of the electrical activity on the cortical surface. ii) estimating the directional influences between any given pair of channels in a multivariate dataset. iii) modeling the brain networks as graphs. The possible applications are discussed in three different experimental designs regarding i) the study of pathological conditions during a motor task, ii) the study of memory processes during a cognitive task iii) the study of the instantaneous dynamics throughout the evolution of a motor task in physiological conditions. The main outcome from all those studies indicates clearly that the performance of cognitive and motor tasks as well as the presence of neural diseases can affect the brain network topology. This evidence gives the power of reflecting cerebral "states" or "traits" to the mathematical indexes derived from the graph theory. In particular, the observed structural changes could critically depend on patterns of synchronization and desynchronization - i.e. the dynamic binding of neural assemblies - as also suggested by a wide range of previous electrophysiological studies. Moreover, the fact that these patterns occur at multiple frequencies support the evidence that brain functional networks contain multiple frequency channels along which information is transmitted. The graph theoretical approach represents an effective means to evaluate the functional connectivity patterns obtained from scalp EEG signals. The possibility to describe the complex brain networks sub-serving different functions in humans by means of "numbers" is a promising tool toward the generation of a better understanding of the brain functions. Table of Contents: Introduction / Brain Functional Connectivity / Graph Theory / High-Resolution EEG / Cortical Networks in Spinal Cord Injured Patients / Cortical Networks During a Lifelike Memory Task / Application to Time-varying Cortical Networks / Conclusions

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Download or read book Connectome Analysis written by Markus D. Schirmer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connectome Analysis: Characterization, Methods, and Analysis is a comprehensive companion for the analysis of brain networks, or connectomes. The book provides sources of constituent structural and functional MRI signals, network construction and practices for analysis, cutting-edge methods that address the latest challenges in neuroscience, and the fundamentals of network theory in the context of giving practical methods for building connectomes for analysis. Emphasis is placed on quality control of the individual analysis steps. Subsequent chapters discuss networks in neuroscience in clinical and general populations, including how findings are related to underlying neurophysiology and neuropsychology. This book is aimed at students and early-career researchers in brain connectomics and neuroimaging who have a background in computer science, mathematics and physics, as well as more broadly to neuroscientists and psychologists who want to start incorporating connectomics into their research. Provides practical recommendations on how to construct, assess and analyze brain networks Gives an understanding of all the technical methods for connectome analysis Presents the basic network theoretical principles typically used in neuroscience Covers the latest tools and data repositories that are freely available for the reader to carry out connectomic analyses

Download or read book Structural and Functional Network Organization of the Brain written by David Grayson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial research effort is currently being directed at establishing the system of pathways that connect the functional regions of the normal human brain. At the same time, the past decade has seen an explosion of network science as a new methodology to study human brain structure and function. Despite the impressive scale of these efforts, the relationship between brain structure and brain function is still murky. It remains a difficult and crucial challenge to relate functional aberrations (e.g. changes in brain activity and/or behavior) seen in neuropsychiatric disorders to underlying changes in neuroanatomy. This dissertation aims to contribute new knowledge in this area through controlled experimental manipulations in animal models and through investigation of brain structural connectivity in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Functional and structural connectivity data were obtained in these experiments via non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, the effects of focal perturbation were examined via pharmacogenetic inactivation of the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. Positive and negative downstream changes in functional connectivity (i.e. correlated activity between other regions) were examined via resting-state fMRI. These changes were shown to be partly predictable using a network-based analysis of experimentally established structural connectivity to simulate disconnection of the amygdala. The results of this study validated the use of a particular network metric of mutual communication, termed communicability, for predicting baseline functional connectivity measurements from structural connectivity networks and for simulating the effects of focal perturbation. Next, the long-term structural consequences of early focal damage were examined in adult rhesus monkeys that received amygdala lesions as neonates. These monkeys demonstrated permanent atrophy of areas typically well-connected with the amygdala and impaired communicability of temporal and orbitofrontal cortex. On the other hand, these animals exhibited an abnormally large middle cingulate cortex. The spatial distribution of altered gray matter morphometry bore meaningful overlap with the pattern of altered functional connectivity due to transient inactivation. Finally, alterations in communicability were examined within a large dataset of young children with and without ASD. There were significant network-level alterations in children with ASD relative to their typically developing peers. Within the cohort of children with ASD, there were effects of different biological variables such as 1) sex, 2) age, 3) sex-by-age interactions, and 4) having a disproportionately large brain relative to body size. Together, these experiments demonstrate that focal perturbations in brain structure result in distributed impacts on brain structure and function that are at least partly predictable using network analysis. Network metrics that are useful for predicting function from structure (i.e. communicability) are shown here to be valuable for assessing the neurophenotype of ASD and exploring clinical heterogeneity.

Download or read book Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience written by Matt Carter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroscience research is inherently multidisciplinary, with a wide variety of cutting edge new techniques to explore multiple levels of investigation. This Third Edition of Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview of classical and cutting edge methods including their utility, limitations, and how data are presented in the literature. This book can be used as an introduction to neuroscience techniques for anyone new to the field or as a reference for any neuroscientist while reading papers or attending talks. Nearly 200 updated full-color illustrations to clearly convey the theory and practice of neuroscience methods Expands on techniques from previous editions and covers many new techniques including in vivo calcium imaging, fiber photometry, RNA-Seq, brain spheroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and more Clear, straightforward explanations of each technique for anyone new to the field A broad scope of methods, from noninvasive brain imaging in human subjects, to electrophysiology in animal models, to recombinant DNA technology in test tubes, to transfection of neurons in cell culture Detailed recommendations on where to find protocols and other resources for specific techniques "Walk-through" boxes that guide readers through experiments step-by-step

Download or read book Multi level Characterization and Information Extraction in Directed and Node labeled Functional Brain Networks written by Christoph Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current research in computational neuroscience puts great emphasis on the computation and analysis of the functional connectivity of the brain. The methodological developments presented in this work are concerned with a group-specific comprehensive analysis of networks that represent functional interaction patterns. Four application studies are presented, in which functional brain network samples of different clinical background were analyzed in different ways, using combinations of established approaches and own methodological developments. Study I is concerned with a sample-specific decomposition of the functional brain networks of depressed subjects and healthy controls into small functionally important and recurring subnetworks (motifs) using own developments. Study II investigates whether lithium treatment effects are reflected in the functional brain networks of HIV-positive subjects with diagnosed cognitive impairment. For it, microscopic and macroscopic structural properties were analyzed. Study III explores spatially highly resolved functional brain networks with regard to a functional segmentation given by identified module (community) structure. Also, ground truth networks with known module structure were generated using own methodological developments. They formed the basis of a comprehensive simulation study that quantified module structure quality and preservation in order to evaluate the effects of a novel approach for the identification of connectivity (lsGCI). Study IV tracks the time-evolution of module structure and introduces a newly developed own approach for the determination of edge weight thresholds based on multicriteria optimization. The methodological challenges that underly these different topological analyses, but also the various opportunities to gain an improved understanding of neural information processing among brain areas were highlighted by this work and the presented results.