Download or read book Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive imaging technologies proposed to be useful as part of the workup after recall of women with suspicious breast abnormalities identified on routine screening. This report is an update of a Comparative Effectiveness Review originally published in 2006. DATA SOURCES: We searched the medical literature, including PubMed and Embase, from December 1994 through September 2010. We included diagnostic cohort studies that enrolled the patient population of interest and used current generation scanners and protocols of the noninvasive imaging technologies of interest. We excluded case-control studies, meeting presentations, and very small (

Download or read book Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities Update of a 2006 Review written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies of women, with approximately 200,000 new cases diagnosed every year in the U.S. Some breast cancers are identified by physical examination (either self-examination or an examination performed by a physician). Population-wide screening programs that use x-ray mammography to examine asymptomatic women for early signs of breast cancer are also in common use. If a suspicious area is seen on x-ray mammography, women are usually recalled for further examination. The results of these examinations are used to make decisions about further management: return to normal screening/return for short-interval followup/refer for biopsy. In current standard practice the examinations conducted after recall usually consist of diagnostic mammography and possibly ultrasound. More and more often women are being sent for additional imaging during recall workup. Extensive diagnostic ultrasound examinations and MRI are currently the most commonly chosen additional imaging added to the workup, but other imaging technologies are offered by some practitioners. It is important to triage recalled women into the correct management pathway. Women with readily treatable early-stage cancers who get mistakenly triaged into “return to normal screening” may experience a significant delay in diagnosis and treatment of the cancer. However, the majority of women who are recalled for further assessment after a screening mammography do not have cancer, and significant numbers of healthy women are referred for biopsy or short-interval followup after recall and diagnostic mammography. A number of noninvasive imaging technologies have been developed and proposed to be useful as part of the workup after recall. This evidence review focuses on additional noninvasive imaging studies that can be conducted (in addition to standard workup) after discovery of a possible abnormality on screening mammography or physical examination. These studies are intended to guide patient management decisions. In other words, these imaging studies are not intended to provide a final diagnosis as to the nature of the breast lesion; rather, they are intended to provide additional information about the nature of the lesions such that women can be more appropriately triaged into the correct management pathway. It is important to evaluate the evidence to see if women do or do not benefit from the addition of these imaging modalities to the standard workup after recall on breast cancer screening. This systematic review was commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to address the following Key Questions: Key Question 1. What is the accuracy (expressed as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios) of noninvasive tests for diagnosis of breast cancer in women referred for further evaluation after identification of a possible breast abnormality on routine screening (mammography and/or clinical or self-detection of a palpable lesion)? The noninvasive tests to be evaluated are: Ultrasound (conventional B-mode, color Doppler, power Doppler, tissue harmonics, and tomography), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with breast-specific coils and gadolinium-based contrast agents, with or without computer-aided diagnosis (CADx), Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as the tracer, with or without concurrent computed tomography (CT) scans 8, Scintimammography (SMM) with technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) as the tracer, including Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI). Key Question 2. Are there demographic (e.g., age) and clinical risk factors (e.g., morphologic characteristics of the lesion) that affect the accuracy of the tests considered in Key Question 1? Key Question 3. Are there other factors and considerations (e.g., safety, care setting, patient preferences, ease of access to care) that may affect the accuracy or acceptability of the tests considered in Key Questions 1 and 2?

Download or read book Early Detection of Breast Cancer written by S. Brünner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous expansion seen over the last decade in the mammo graphic detection of breast cancer lesions, especially the use of screen ing procedures for the early detection of clinically unsuspected tumors, has made it necessary to summarize the experience made by various centers in the world. The 2nd International Copenhagen Symposium on Detection of Breast Cancer afforded an opportunity of gathering scientists from all over the world to discuss the various problems of early breast cancer detection with special reference to screening procedures. This book forms a synthesis of the information presented by leading scientists from many of the world's mammo graphic centers, particularly those in Sweden and the USA. Hence, the reader will have the opportunity to study the outstanding work carried out by various institutes and centers of breast cancer screening. It is our sincere hope that a study of this volume will encourage other scientists to join in the work on screening procedures. S. Brunner B. Langfeldt P. E. Andersen Contents S. A. Feig: 1 Hypothetical Breast Cancer Risk from Mammography S. A. Feig: Benefits and Risks of Mammography 11 R. L. Egan and M. B. McSweeney: Multicentric Breast Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 M. B. McSweeney and R. L. Egan: Breast Cancer in the Younger Patient: A Preliminary Report 36 M. B. McSweeney and R. L. Egan: Bilateral Breast Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 41 N. Bjurstam: The Radiographic Appearance of Normal and Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 M. Moskowitz, S. A. Feig, C. Cole-Beuglet, S. H.

Download or read book Pitfalls in Diagnostic Radiology written by Wilfred C. G. Peh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of diagnostic radiology has become increasingly complex, with the use of numerous imaging modalities and division into many subspecialty areas. It is becoming ever more difficult for subspecialist radiologists, general radiologists, and residents to keep up with the advances that are occurring year on year, and this is particularly true for less familiar topics. Failure to appreciate imaging pitfalls often leads to diagnostic error and misinterpretation, and potential medicolegal problems. This textbook, written by experts from reputable centers across the world, systematically and comprehensively highlights the pitfalls that may occur in diagnostic radiology. Both pitfalls specific to different modalities and techniques and those specific to particular organ systems are described with the help of numerous high-quality illustrations. Recognition of these pitfalls is crucial in helping the practicing radiologist to achieve a more accurate diagnosis.

Download or read book Personalized Pathway Activated Systems Imaging in Oncology written by Tomio Inoue and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume covers radiopharmaceuticals developed for pathway-directed systems in imaging and theranostic applications. We now are at the cutting edge of providing personalized treatment with increased use in oncology of these new radiopharmaceuticals. Trends in high-resolution instrumentation development, quality assurance systems and regulatory compliance for radiopharmaceuticals, clinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals, and benefits and pitfalls of the current clinical FDG PET are discussed. Radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and for staging, restaging, and treatment planning for cancers. Nuclear biomarkers allow precise measurement of molecular pathways on a whole-body image upon administration of functional radiolabeled agents, and nuclear imaging agents have potential use in patient selection, pharmacokinetic, dosage-finding, and proof-of-concept studies. Nuclear imaging agents and hybrid instrumentation also provide sensitive and specific answers for differential responsiveness in therapeutic outcome. This book serves as a reference for moving the discovery and development of radiopharmaceuticals from the workbench to clinical applications. It thus benefits not only clinicians but also translational research scientists—molecular biologists, chemists, imaging scientists, pharmaceutical developers, physicists, and support staff.

Download or read book Contrast Enhanced Mammography written by Marc Lobbes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a novel advanced mammography technique using dual-energy mammography in combination with intravenous contrast administration in order to increase the diagnostic performance of digital mammography. Readers will find helpful information on the principles of CEM and indications for the technique. Detailed attention is devoted to image interpretation, with presentation of case examples and highlighting of pitfalls and artifacts. Other topics to be addressed include the establishment of a CEM program, the comparative merits of CEM and MRI, and the roles of CEM in screening populations and monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CEM became commercially available in 2011 and is increasingly being used in clinical practice owing to its superiority over full-field digital mammography. This book will be an ideal source of knowledge and guidance for all who wish to start using the technique or to learn more about it.

Download or read book Therapeutic Ultrasound written by Jean-Michel Escoffre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology.

Download or read book Imaging Biomarkers written by Luis Martí-Bonmatí and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover all aspects of the development of imaging biomarkers and their integration into clinical practice, from the conceptual basis through to the technical aspects that need to be considered in order to ensure that medical imaging can serve as a powerful quantification instrument capable of providing valuable information on organ and tissue properties. The process of imaging biomarker development is considered step by step, covering proof of concept, proof of mechanism, image acquisition, image preparation, imaging biomarker analysis and measurement, detection of measurement biases (proof of principle), proof of efficacy and effectiveness, and reporting of results. Sources of uncertainty in the accuracy and precision of measurements and pearls and pitfalls in gold standards and biological correlation are discussed. In addition, practical use cases are included on imaging biomarker implementation in brain, oncologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and abdominal diseases. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of expert radiologists and engineers, and the book will be of value to all with an interest in the quantitative imaging of biomarkers in personalized medicine.

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Surgical Oncology written by Howard Silberman and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practice of Surgical Oncology uniquely emphasizes a multidisciplinary, integrated approach to the treatment of solid tumors. It presents treatment strategies that combine surgery with preoperative or postoperative adjunctive chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and/or radiation therapy to achieve optimal outcome. The book features contributions from surgeons, basic scientists, pathologists, radiologists, radiation therapists, and medical oncologists and offers a comprehensive presentation of genetics, molecular biology, pathogenesis, and multimodal therapeutic approaches. A unique feature of the book is a commentary following each chapter, which describes alternative approaches and discusses controversial areas of current therapy. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text with images.

Download or read book Comprehensive Biomedical Physics written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 4052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Biomedical Physics, Ten Volume Set is a new reference work that provides the first point of entry to the literature for all scientists interested in biomedical physics. It is of particularly use for graduate and postgraduate students in the areas of medical biophysics. This Work is indispensable to all serious readers in this interdisciplinary area where physics is applied in medicine and biology. Written by leading scientists who have evaluated and summarized the most important methods, principles, technologies and data within the field, Comprehensive Biomedical Physics is a vital addition to the reference libraries of those working within the areas of medical imaging, radiation sources, detectors, biology, safety and therapy, physiology, and pharmacology as well as in the treatment of different clinical conditions and bioinformatics. This Work will be valuable to students working in all aspect of medical biophysics, including medical imaging and biomedical radiation science and therapy, physiology, pharmacology and treatment of clinical conditions and bioinformatics. The most comprehensive work on biomedical physics ever published Covers one of the fastest growing areas in the physical sciences, including interdisciplinary areas ranging from advanced nuclear physics and quantum mechanics through mathematics to molecular biology and medicine Contains 1800 illustrations, all in full color

Download or read book PET in Oncology written by Stefan Dresel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last, here is a comprehensive compilation of the accumulated knowledge on PET and PET/CT in oncology. It covers the entire spectrum from solidly documented indications, such as staging and monitoring of lung and colorectal cancer, to the application of PET/CT in head and neck surgery, gynecology, radiation therapy, urology, pediatrics and others. The chapters are supplemented by an introduction into the underlying techniques of both imaging devices and radiopharmacy.

Download or read book Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation written by David E. Wazer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is being rapidly introduced into the clinical management of early breast cancer. APBI, in fact, encompasses a number of different techniques and approaches that include brachytherapy, intraoperative, and external beam techniques. There is currently no single source that describes these techniques and their clinical implementation. This text is a concise handbook designed to assist the clinician in the implementation of APBI. This includes a review of the principles that underlie APBI, a practical and detailed description of each technique for APBI, a review of current clinical results of APBI, and a review of the incidence and management of treatment related complications.

Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in women in Europe, and demographic trends indicate a continuing increase in this substantial public health problem. Systematic early detection through screening, effective diagnostic pathways and optimal treatment have the ability to substantially lower current breast cancer mortality rates and reduce the burden of this disease in the population. This is the fourth edition of these guidelines which contains information on recommended standards and procedures for breast cancer screening and diagnostic services, including chapters on multi-disciplinary aspects of quality assurance, data collection and monitoring, effective communication of information, requirements of a specialist unit, and a certification protocol.

Download or read book Biomedical Computing for Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis written by Pinheiro dos Santos, Wellington and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite success with treatment when diagnosed early, breast cancer is still one of the most fatal forms of cancer for women. Imaging diagnosis is still one of the most efficient ways to detect early breast changes with mammography among the most used techniques. However, there are other techniques that have emerged as alternatives or even complementary tests in the early detection of breast lesions (e.g., breast thermography and electrical impedance tomography). Artificial intelligence can be used to optimize image diagnosis, increasing the reliability of the reports and supporting professionals who do not have enough knowledge or experience to make good diagnoses. Biomedical Computing for Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis is a collection of research that presents a review of the physiology and anatomy of the breast; the dynamics of breast cancer; principles of pattern recognition, artificial neural networks, and computer graphics; and the breast imaging techniques and computational methods to support and optimize the diagnosis. While highlighting topics including mammograms, thermographic imaging, and intelligent systems, this book is ideally designed for medical oncologists, surgeons, biomedical engineers, medical imaging professionals, cancer researchers, academicians, and students in medicine, biomedicine, biomedical engineering, and computer science.

Download or read book Liver Cirrhosis written by Georgios Tsoulfas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver cirrhosis represents one of the major challenges for most physicians and surgeons on a global scale. This book provides practicing hepatologists, gastroenterologists and liver surgeons with a valuable tool in their efforts to understand the (molecular) mechanisms involved, be updated regarding the newest and less invasive diagnostic methods, and educate themselves about the challenges involved in the management of liver cirrhosis and its complications. The authors of this book represent a team of true global experts on the topic. In addition to the knowledge shared, the authors provide their personal clinical experience on a variety of different aspects of liver cirrhosis, giving us a well-rounded overview.

Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

Download or read book Improving Breast Imaging Quality Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-09-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. At the request of Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned a study to examine the current practice of mammography and breast cancer detection, with a focus on the FDA's oversight via the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), to identify areas in need of improvement. Enacted in 1993, MQSA provides a general framework for ensuring national quality standards in facilities performing screening mammography, requires that each mammography facility be accredited and certified, and mandates that facilities will undergo annual inspections. This book recommends strategies for achieving continued progress in assuring mammography quality, including changes to MQSA regulation, as well as approaches that do not fall within the purview of MQSA. Specifically, this book provides recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation; revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement; ensuring an adequate workforce for breast cancer screening and diagnosis; and improving breast imaging quality beyond mammography.