Download or read book Non institutional Political Participation written by Jiangshan Fang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By examining social transformation and political participation theories, this book focuses on the core concept of non-institutional political participation, which is classified into two types: induced participation and imposed participation. This classification has changed the tradition of dichotomizing political participation as either legal or illegal and enriched the conceptualization of political participation. Based on an investigation of the characteristics of Chinese peasants and the relations between interests, authority and political participation, the book examines the changes in interest structures and modes of control in rural China during the transformation period, and proposes a political participation model built upon mutual benefits.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies written by Robert Rohrschneider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies offers a state-of-the-art assessment of the functioning of political representation in liberal democracies. In 34 chapters the world's leading scholars on the various aspects of political representation address eight broad themes: The concept and theories of political representation, its history and the main requisites for its development; elite orientations and behavior; descriptive representation; party government and representation; non-electoral forms of political participation and how they relate to political representation; the challenges to representative democracy originating from the growing importance of non-majoritarian institutions and social media; the rise of populism and its consequences for the functioning of representative democracy; the challenge caused by economic and political globlization: what does it mean for the functioning of political representation at the national leval and is it possible to develop institutions of representative democracy at a level above the state that meet the normative criteria of representative democracy and are supported by the people? The various chapters offer a comprehensive review of the literature on the various aspects of political representation. The main organizing principle of the Handbook is the chain of political representation, the chain connecting the interests and policy preferences of the people to public policy via political parties, parliament, and government. Most of the chapters assessing the functioning of the chain of political representation and its various links are based on original comparative political research. Comparative research on political representation and its various subfields has developed dramatically over the last decades so that even ten years ago a Handbook like this would have looked totally different.
Download or read book Community based Rehabilitation written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume numbers determined from Scope of the guidelines, p. 12-13.
Download or read book Youth and Politics in Times of Increasing Inequalities written by Marco Giugni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young people are very often the driving forces of political participation that aims to change societies and political systems. Rather than being depoliticized, young people in different national contexts are giving rise to alternative politics. Drawing on original survey data collected in 2018, this edited volume provides a detailed analysis of youth participation in nine European countries by focusing on socialization processes, different modes of participation and the mobilization of youth politics. "This volume is an indispensable guide to understanding young European’s experience and engagement of politics, the inequalities that shape young people’s political engagement and are sometimes replicated through them, and young people’s commitment to saving the environment and spreading democratic ideals. Based on compelling and extensive research across nine nations, this volume makes important advances in key debates on youth politics and provides critical empirical insights into which young people engage, influences on young people’s politics, how young people engage, why some young people don’t engage, and trends across nations. The volume succeeds in the herculean task of focusing on specific national contexts while also rendering a comprehensive picture of youth politics and inequality in Europe today." —Jennifer Earl, Professor of Sociology, University of Arizona, USA "Forecasts by social scientists of young people’s increasingly apathetic stance towards political participation appear to have been misplaced. This text, drawing data and analysis across and between nine European countries, captures the changing nature of political ‘activism’ by young people. It indicates how this is strongly nuanced by factors such as social class and gender identity. It also highlights important distinctions between young people’s approaches towards more traditional (electoral) and more contemporary (non-institutional) forms of participation. Critically, it illuminates the many ways in which youth political participation has evolved and transformed in recent years. Wider social circumstances and experiences are identified as highly significant in preparing young people for, and influencing their levels of participation in, both protest-oriented action and electoral politics." —Howard Williamson, Professor of European Youth Policy, University of South Wales, UK "This book is an incredible guide to understanding the role and sources of inequalities on young people’s political involvement. Country specific chapters allow the authors to integrate a large number of the key and most pressing issues regarding young people’s relationship to politics in a single volume. Topics range from social mobility and the influence of socioeconomic (parental) resources and class; young people’s practice in the social sphere; the intersection of gender with other sources of inequalities; online participation and its relationship with social inequalities; the impact of harsh economic conditions; the mobilization potential of the environmental cause; to the role of political organizations. Integrating all these pressing dimensions in a common framework and accompanying it with extensive novel empirical evidence is a great achievement and the result is a must read piece for researchers and practitioners aiming to understand the challenges young people face in developing their relationship to politics." —Gema García-Albacete, Associate Professor of Political Science, University Carlos III Madrid, Spain
Download or read book Making Politics Work for Development written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments fail to provide the public goods needed for development when its leaders knowingly and deliberately ignore sound technical advice or are unable to follow it, despite the best of intentions, because of political constraints. This report focuses on two forces—citizen engagement and transparency—that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. Citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using diverse media to pressure, sanction and select the leaders who wield power within government, including by entering as contenders for leadership. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Unhealthy political engagement, when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, gives rise to government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency, which is citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government, and the consequences of these actions, can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement.
Download or read book Participation without Democracy written by Garry Rodan and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past quarter century new ideologies of participation and representation have proliferated across democratic and non-democratic regimes. In Participation without Democracy, Garry Rodan breaks new conceptual ground in examining the social forces that underpin the emergence of these innovations in Southeast Asia. Rodan explains that there is, however, a central paradox in this recalibration of politics: expanded political participation is serving to constrain contestation more than to enhance it. Participation without Democracy uses Rodan’s long-term fieldwork in Singapore, the Philippines, and Malaysia to develop a modes of participation (MOP) framework that has general application across different regime types among both early-developing and late-developing capitalist societies. His MOP framework is a sophisticated, original, and universally relevant way of analyzing this phenomenon. Rodan uses MOP and his case studies to highlight important differences among social and political forces over the roles and forms of collective organization in political representation. In addition, he identifies and distinguishes hitherto neglected non-democratic ideologies of representation and their influence within both democratic and authoritarian regimes. Participation without Democracy suggests that to address the new politics that both provokes these institutional experiments and is affected by them we need to know who can participate, how, and on what issues, and we need to take the non-democratic institutions and ideologies as seriously as the democratic ones.
Download or read book Young People s Political Participation in Western Europe written by Gema Garcia Albacete and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are young people today politically 'apathetic'? Or are they democratically 'mature' citizens? This book examines several types of involvement to reveal changes in young people's political participation in Europe in recent decades. It uses various concepts of 'age' to compare participation across countries and over time.
Download or read book The Participation Gap written by Russell J. Dalton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dilemma of democracy arises from two contrasting trends. More people in the established democracies are participating in civil society activity, contacting government officials, protesting, and using online activism and other creative forms of participation. At the same time, the importance of social status as an influence on political activity is increasing. The democratic principle of the equality of voice is eroding. The politically rich are getting richer-and the politically needy have less voice. This book assembles an unprecedented set of international public opinion surveys to identify the individual, institutional, and political factors that produce these trends. New forms of activity place greater demands on participants, raising the importance of social status skills and resources. Civil society activity further widens the participation gap. New norms of citizenship shift how people participate. And generational change and new online forms of activism accentuate this process. Effective and representative government requires a participatory citizenry and equal voice, and participation trends are undermining these outcomes. The Participation Gap both documents the growing participation gap in contemporary democracies and suggests ways that we can better achieve their theoretical ideal of a participatory citizenry and equal voice.
Download or read book The Private Roots of Public Action written by Nancy Burns and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why, after several generations of suffrage and a revival of the women's movement in the late 1960s, do women continue to be less politically active than men? Why are they less likely to seek public office or join political organizations? The Private Roots of Public Action is the most comprehensive study of this puzzle of unequal participation. The authors develop new methods to trace gender differences in political activity to the nonpolitical institutions of everyday life--the family, school, workplace, nonpolitical voluntary association, and church. Different experiences with these institutions produce differences in the resources, skills, and political orientations that facilitate participation--with a cumulative advantage for men. In addition, part of the solution to the puzzle of unequal participation lies in politics itself: where women hold visible public office, women citizens are more politically interested and active. The model that explains gender differences in participation is sufficiently general to apply to participatory disparities among other groups--among the young, the middle-aged, and the elderly or among Latinos, African-Americans and Anglo-Whites. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Citizenship and Unequal Participation 2. Studying Gender and Participation: A Brief Discourse on Method 3. Civic Activity: Political and Non-Political 4. The Political Worlds of Men and Women 5. The Legacy of Home and School 6. Domestic Tranquility: The Beliefs of Wives and Husbands 7. Domestic Hierarchy: The Household as a Social System 8. The Workplace Roots of Political Activity 9. The Realm of Voluntarism: Non-Political Associations and Religious Institutions 10. Gender, Institutions, and Political Participation 11. Gender, Race or Ethnicity, and Participation 12. Family Life and Political Life 13. What If Politics Weren't a Man's Game? 14. Conclusion: The Private Roots of Public Action Appendixes A. Numbers of Cases B. Ranges of Variables C. Supplementary Tables D. Explanation of Outcomes Analysis Index Reviews of this book: The Private Roots of Public Action begins with common explanations for the gender difference in participation, from domestic demands on women's time and psychic space through the effects of the patriarchal family, socioeconomic hierarchies, and political socialization...The results of [this] novel analysis are complex and interesting...The authors extend their model to examine the relationship between class, race or ethnicity, and political participation. This unique and accessible volume will be influential in the fields of political socialization and gender and politics. Strongly recommended. --B. E. Marston, Choice The Private Roots of Public Action is the most comprehensive examination of the similarities and differences in the political activity of women and men. The range of inquiry is enormous. Burns, Schlozman and Verba delve not only into political activity but also into the processes in the family, in the workplace, in places of worship, and in voluntary associations that promote and inhibit political involvement. This book goes beyond the literature in connecting to an enormous range of scholarship in political science, economics, and sociology. This is a fine piece of work. --John Mark Hansen, University of Chicago The Private Roots of Public Action is a very important book. It pushes research on gender and participation to a whole new level, and reshapes the agenda as far as our thinking and our research about the connections among family life, the workplace, institutions of civil society, and political and governmental institutions. The authors demonstrate the importance of understanding political participation within a larger context in a way that does justice to the complexity of people's lives. --Kristi Anderson, Syracuse University The Private Roots of Public Action is an important contribution to the literature on both political participation and gender politics. Because of its database, its tie-in to the most current work on political participation, and its comprehension of important current questions about gender politics, this book provides a new benchmark for work in this field. In particular, the Civic Voluntarism model developed by Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, and the consideration of how gender difference and inequality might feed into that model, is a unique contribution. This accessible book will be welcomed by gender politics scholars and will have an impact on the field of political participation. --Virginia Sapiro, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Download or read book Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies written by Jan W. Van Deth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-02-12 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique study presents the results of a cross-national analysis of citizenship and participation among citizens in twelve European democracies. Research on the future and quality of contemporary democracy is usually restricted to focus either on political participation, on particular aspects of citizenship, or on social activities, exclusively. This new book offers the first empirical investigation of the relationships both between social and political involvement, and between ‘small-scale’ and ‘large-scale’ democracies. Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies offers representative samples of the populations in a selection of European countries between 2000-2002, including: Denmark, Germany (East and West), Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The leading contributors provide new theoretical insights and offer a broad conceptualization of citizenship, stimulating the ongoing discussions about the problems and challenges of democratic political systems. This book has a companion volume entitled Social Capital and Associations in European Democracies edited by William A. Maloney and Sigrid Roßteutscher (Routledge, 2006). Both volumes will be of great interest to students and researchers of European politics, comparative politics and sociology.
Download or read book Political Participation Beyond the Vote written by Henrik Serup Christensen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political participation is a central component in all democratic systems, since citizen involvement is a prerequisite for assuring the lehitimacy of the system. Research on political participation has long acknowledged that this involvement cannot be restricted to elections. Nonetheless, the different institutional systems found in the established democracies create different possibilities and axpectations for citizen engagement beyond the vote. This goes not only for how much involvement is expected, but also for the ways in which citizens should be involved in political matters. In this study, the author examines how the institutional context affects various aspects of political participation in a comparative anallysis of 18 established European democracies. The aspects analysed include the dimensionality of participation, country-level differences in the rates of participation, the characteristics of the participants, and the institutional incentives for participation. The results suggest that the institutional context affects key aspects of political participation. However, the precise impact frequently runs counter to the theoretical expectations. The study hereby challenges some of the central theoretical assumptions of political science for how institutional openness affects patterns of political participation.
Download or read book Repertoires of Political Action written by Anna Slavina and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses the need for a more nuanced understanding of political engagement. It argues for greater attention to variation in the meaning of diverse forms of political participation cross-nationally. It also draws attention to the relationship between culture and activism. Key aspects of the literature on political participation are tested and revised. In Chapter 2, I investigate and disaggregate the broad category of non-institutional engagement. I show that, far from being a unified category of action, non-institutional engagement is made up of three distinct repertoires of activism: communicative, individualised and collective. I challenge claims that non-institutional activism is more inclusive than traditional forms of participation by measuring the relative effects of typical predictors (resources, values and contextual measures) on different repertoires of non-institutional engagement. Important distinctions emerge, pointing to the need for more nuanced definitions of political engagement and greater attention to the relationship between activism, context and individual-level social location. The relationship between engagement and national context is investigated further in Chapter 3 where I test Castells' theory of global social movement development across a variety of countries. Castells' theory is emblematic of broader trends in the literature that seek to identify universal pathways to mobilisation. While lending support to parts of his theory regarding online technologies, the findings suggest that national context moderates the way citizens' dissatisfaction gets translated into engagement. Cultural factors, at the individual and contextual level, also influence the form that political participation takes. Chapter 4 advocates for a practice theory approach to the study of political behaviour. I show that distinct forms of political participation gain meaning from their location within broader repertoires of political action and from their relationship to individuals' cultural dispositions and political preferences. In sum, political engagement is shaped by the national, political and cultural climate in which it occurs. Political practices do not have inherent, universally transposable characteristics that can be used to construct generalising typologies of engagement. To understand how people in diverse settings interact with politics, political sociologists should adopt a more nuanced understanding of political engagement as contextually and socially conditioned cultural practice.
Download or read book Regimes and Repertoires written by Charles Tilly and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The means by which people protest—that is, their repertoires of contention—vary radically from one political regime to the next. Highly capable undemocratic regimes such as China's show no visible signs of popular social movements, yet produce many citizen protests against arbitrary, predatory government. Less effective and undemocratic governments like the Sudan’s, meanwhile, often experience regional insurgencies and even civil wars. In Regimes and Repertoires, Charles Tilly offers a fascinating and wide-ranging case-by-case study of various types of government and the equally various styles of protests they foster. Using examples drawn from many areas—G8 summit and anti-globalization protests, Hindu activism in 1980s India, nineteenth-century English Chartists organizing on behalf of workers' rights, the revolutions of 1848, and civil wars in Angola, Chechnya, and Kosovo—Tilly masterfully shows that such episodes of contentious politics unfold like loosely scripted theater. Along the way, Tilly also brings forth powerful tools to sort out the reasons why certain political regimes vary and change, how the people living under them make claims on their government, and what connections can be drawn between regime change and the character of contentious politics.
Download or read book Why Bother written by S. Erdem Aytaç and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using surveys, experiments, and fieldwork from several countries, this book tests a new theory of participation in elections and protests.
Download or read book Youth Political Participation in Greece A Multiple Methods Perspective written by Stefania Kalogeraki and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching aim of this edited volume is to investigate different modes, patterns and determinants of youth political participation in Greece, since the economic crisis, by incorporating a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods. The chapters examine different forms of youth political participation, from institutionalized (such as voting, or membership in political parties) to non-institutionalized (such as signing petitions, protesting through demonstrations or occupations, and political consumerism). Moreover, the chapters shed light on diverse aspects of youth political participation, such as the interlinkages between occupational precarity and political behaviour, the spatial portrait of youth political engagement in rural, suburban and urban Greek contexts, the engendered aspects of political involvement, the pivotal role of protest events in youth political socialization and in mobilization in contentious political actions, the different impacts of priming inequality on youth’s political beliefs, depending on different modes of thinking, as well as the key features of youth-related and youth-led (non-state) organisations operating in Greece. The aforementioned aspects are examined at the micro, meso or/and macro level through distinct methodological approaches including panel survey, experimental survey, biographical interviews, in-depth interviews and action organization analysis, carried out in the context of the EURYKA (European Commission) project.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior written by Jan E. Leighley and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbooks of American Politics are the essential guide to the study of American political life in the 21st Century. With engaging contributions from the major figures in the field The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior provides the key point of reference for anyone working in American Politics today
Download or read book Triangular Relationship Between the Internet Institution and Political Participation written by Ho Young Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the triangular relationship between citizens' political participation, institutions, and the Internet proliferation. While the literature in the communication field has been studied the relationship between the Internet and political participation, the role of institutions has been a missing block. Conversely, while comparative studies from sociology and political science have contemplated the role of the institution, the impacts of digital media have not been seriously stressed. This study is an attempt to bridge the gap between these disciplines. The study results are three-folded. First, by using ABM simulation models, the study has provided the hint that Internet mechanism of participation diffusion has the component to induce institutional path-dependency through the homophily and network externality effect. Second, the study found that, compared with other political systems, the interaction between Internet proliferation and the proportional presentation system is stable while the plurality system is greatly affected by the level of Internet proliferation. Then, it is found that the interaction between the Internet proliferation and proportional representation system has relatively more positive impacts on voter turnout at the aggregate level. Regarding the modes of non-electoral participation, it is found that individual probability of participating in a demonstration and political meeting/rally gets higher in the proportional representation system as the Internet proliferation increases. Third, though its impacts are rather small, it is found that the interaction between Internet proliferation and the strength of political parallelism of the news media system has positive impacts on the institutionalized route of political participations. As Internet proliferation increases, the weaker level of political parallelism displays the relatively higher individual probability of participation in the mode of participation outside of institutionalized politics (express views online and demonstration on the streets). Based on these findings, it is suggested that the interaction between the political system and the Internet is related to the distinction between collective and individualized modes of participation, whereas the interaction between political parallelism of media system and the Internet is related to the distinction between institutionalized and non-institutionalized politics.