Download or read book Nicaragua Development Policy Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nicaragua Development Policy Review written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document reviews Nicaragua's development agenda from a growth perspective. That focus emerges from the country's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which traces the widespread poverty observed in Nicaragua, to the collapse of the 1980s, and considers a continued, broadly-based economic recovery as the best way to eliminate it. The focus on growth guides the review of policy developments in various economic, social, and infrastructure sectors. The Development Policy Review (DPR) has the objective of providing analytical underpinnings, both for the Government in developing and refining its growth strategy, and the Bank and other donors, in designing their assistance programs for Nicaragua. The macroeconomic program agreed with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seeks to promote sustained growth, and poverty reduction in a stable manner, by connecting the country's large fiscal, and external imbalances, addressing key vulnerabilities, and removing long-standing barriers to growth. Key focal points of the program are measures to improve governance, and accountability in the public, private sectors, rein in sustainable government spending, raise the tax effort, and strengthen the banking sector. On the structural front, significant advances were made in 2002 in education and health, including strengthening of the public sector management, through an integrated financial management system, and other important reforms. However, key macroeconomic challenges outline the country's continuing dependence on a few primary commodity exports and aid, both of which have contributed significantly to the high level of economic volatility. A second issue concerns the sustainability of Nicaragua's macroeconomic framework, a weak spot in policymaking, deserving careful attention. To address shortcomings, the report suggests accompanying the Fiscal Transfers Law with additional measures, or legislation that 1) defines the spending responsibilities; 2) strengthens project planning and executing capacities of the weaker municipalities; and, 3) establishes appropriate accountability, and financial management mechanisms. In addition, the pension reform initiated in the mid-1990s, seeks to replace the current defined-benefit, pay-as-you-go system, by a defined-contribution system. The status of the pension reform is being reviewed, reassessing its fiscal costs with assistance form the Bank.
Download or read book Trade Policy Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ends of Modernization written by David Johnson Lee and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ends of Modernization studies the relations between Nicaragua and the United States in the crucial years during and after the Cold War. David Johnson Lee charts the transformation of the ideals of modernization, national autonomy, and planned development as they gave way to human rights protection, neoliberalism, and sustainability. Using archival material, newspapers, literature, and interviews with historical actors in countries across Latin America, the United States, and Europe, Lee demonstrates how conflict between the United States and Nicaragua shaped larger international development policy and transformed the Cold War. In Nicaragua, the backlash to modernization took the form of the Sandinista Revolution which ousted President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in July 1979. In the wake of the earlier reconstruction of Managua after the devastating 1972 earthquake and instigated by the revolutionary shift of power in the city, the Sandinista Revolution incited radical changes that challenged the frankly ideological and economic motivations of modernization. In response to threats to its ideological dominance regionally and globally, the United States began to promote new paradigms of development built around human rights, entrepreneurial internationalism, indigenous rights, and sustainable development. Lee traces the ways Nicaraguans made their country central to the contest over development ideals beginning in the 1960s, transforming how political and economic development were imagined worldwide. By illustrating how ideas about ecology and sustainable development became linked to geopolitical conflict during and after the Cold War, The Ends of Modernization provides a history of the late Cold War that connects the contest between the two then-prevailing superpowers to trends that shape our present, globalized, multipolar world.
Download or read book Services Policy Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nicaragua has had decent economic growth in the past decade, which has contributed to substantial poverty reduction (the largest in Central America), as well as improvements in human development indicators. Fiscal accounts have deteriorated recently, which may pose some challenges to the sustainability of current levels of financing for social sector expenditures. Better planning and monitoring of social spending are needed to improve Nicaragua's budget management. While Nicaragua has a medium-term development plan, the use of results-oriented budget formulation is still in its early stages. Low and inefficient public spending in education, coupled with outdated legal and institutional frameworks and high dropout rates present are significant barriers to increasing enrollment and providing quality education. Progress in key areas such as child and maternal mortality, but lowest per capita health spending in Central America, as well as institutional and governance challenges limit coverage and quality of services. There is need for increased spending in social assistance interventions, better coordination among implementing agencies, and revised targeting to ensure decent coverage of programs among the poorest. Government policies also reflect the need for improved controls and implement social audits, which are considered a pillar of participatory governance. However, these still need to be implemented on a broader scale and publicly disseminated.
Download or read book Evaluation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan of Nicaragua 1965 1969 written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of national level economic planning and social planning in Nicaragua - includes (1) summary of economic activities and recommendations, (2) characteristics and problems of the social change and economic development process, (3) analysis of the macroeconomic aspects of the plan, (4) the public services (incl. Recommendations in respect of fiscal policy), (5) the balance of payments, and (6) the economic and social sectors.
Download or read book Nicaragua written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-03-18 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The draft 2004 budget passed by the assembly is consistent with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). Achieving the programmed strengthening of the tax effort remains a challenge. On the expenditure side, the aim is to improve the anti-poverty and pro-growth orientation of public spending. The operating surplus of state enterprises is improved in 2004. The stance of monetary policy is appropriate, as evidenced by the continued achievement of the program objectives for Net International Reserves (NIR) and inflation (in the context of the crawling peg regime).
Download or read book OECD Development Pathways Production Transformation Policy Review of Colombia Unleashing Productivity written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colombia, the fourth largest economy in Latin America, is back on track after decades of conflict. The country is looking to open up opportunities by addressing structural challenges, further benefiting from trade and investment, and increasing productivity. Colombia's march towards prosperity ...
Download or read book Evaluation of National Economic and Social Development Plan of Nicaragua written by Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Committee of Nine and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactions to the Market written by Laura J. Enríquez and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is manifest in developing countries around the world that the “shock” therapy administered to their economies by the neoliberal model of structural adjustment has failed, leaving much social and economic destruction in its wake. In Latin America this failure has led to a resurgence of interest in alternative models, some of them deploying various versions of socialism, as in Bolivia, Chile, and Venezuela, which has given rise to talk about the new “pink tide” enveloping the region. In this comparative study of four economies that have been making a transition to the market from their orthodox socialist pasts, Laura Enríquez focuses our attention on the plight of the small farmer in particular and on the importance of this sector for the overall socioeconomic success of the transition. Through this comparison, we see the similarities between Nicaragua and Russia in their rapid retreat from socialism and their adoption of reforms that have placed small agriculture, especially that focused on food crops, at a distinct disadvantage relative to export-oriented production. By contrast, Cuba has been more like China in adopting aspects of market reform while emphasizing small-scale cooperative and private farming in an effort to achieve food self-sufficiency. Drawing insights from Karl Polanyi’s study of the social and economic effects of the expansion of market relations in the nineteenth century, Enríquez highlights the role of the state in each of these countries in driving change in a certain direction: toward de-emphasis of small-scale farming and the eventual assumed demise of the peasantry in Nicaragua and Russia, which has led to countermovements of peasants struggling to survive, and toward the reconfirmation of the value of small farming in contributing to balanced economic development in Cuba and China.
Download or read book Towards Better Work written by A. Rossi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of production has created opportunities and challenges for developing country producers and workers. This volume provides solutions-oriented approaches for promoting improved working conditions and labour rights in the apparel industry.
Download or read book The Law of Development Cooperation written by Philipp Dann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comparative study of rules governing development assistance asks how accountability, human rights and sovereignty are preserved while combating poverty.
Download or read book Nicaragua Fourth Review Under the Three Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Request for Waivers of Performance Criteria and Financing Assurances Review Staff Report Staff Statement Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion and Statement by the Executive Director for Nicaragua written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-03-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The draft 2004 budget passed by the assembly is consistent with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). Achieving the programmed strengthening of the tax effort remains a challenge. On the expenditure side, the aim is to improve the anti-poverty and pro-growth orientation of public spending. The operating surplus of state enterprises is improved in 2004. The stance of monetary policy is appropriate, as evidenced by the continued achievement of the program objectives for Net International Reserves (NIR) and inflation (in the context of the crawling peg regime).
Download or read book The World Bank and the Globalisation of Housing Finance written by Liam Clegg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank remains one of the most prominent actors in the field of global development, and one of the foremost international organisations in contemporary global politics. Over its history, its lending for housing has mortgaged development by prioritising financial sector expansion over the needs of low-income groups. Through this book, Liam Clegg explores the drivers of World Bank operational practices, and the contribution of these operations to state transformations across the global South.
Download or read book Gender and Agrarian Reforms written by Susie Jacobs and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The redistribution of land has profound implications for women and for gender relations; however, gender issues have been marginalised from both theoretical and policy discussions of agrarian reform. This book presents an overview of gender and agrarian reform experiences globally. Jacobs highlights case studies from Latin America, Asia, Africa and eastern Europe and also compares agrarian and land reforms organised along collective lines as well as along individual household lines. This volume will be of interest to scholars in Geography, Women’s Studies, and Economics.
Download or read book Governing Failure written by Jacqueline Best and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces an important shift in international development policy as global institutions have become preoccupied with policy failure. This title is also available as Open Access.
