Download or read book Nicaragua 2023 Second Round written by Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes and published by . This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the results of the Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for Nicaragua
Download or read book Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Nicaragua 2023 Second Round Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the results of the Second Round Peer Review on the Exchange of Information on Request for Nicaragua.
Download or read book Nicaragua written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-01-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial pre-crisis buffers (primarily government deposits), prudent policies, and official external financial assistance helped Nicaragua recover well from a protracted downturn during 2018-2020 caused by the socio-political crisis of 2018, two major hurricanes in 2020, and the pandemic. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 10.3 percent in 2021 and is projected to grow by 4 percent in 2022, despite hurricane Julia that affected the country in October. Inflation on an annual basis reached 11.4 percent in November 2022, mostly due to increases in import prices. The authorities introduced fiscal measures to mitigate the impact of the increases in oil and wheat prices, and also increased the reference interest rate. Bank deposits are growing strongly and reached the pre-crisis level (in Córdobas). Gross international reserves have doubled since end-2018 (to over US$4 billion; about 6 months of imports, excluding maquila).
Download or read book Political Handbook of the World 2022 2023 written by Tom Lansford and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2023-06-09 with total page 3505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023 provides timely, thorough, and accurate political information, with more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide. The updated 2022-2023 edition continues to be the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each country′s governmental and political makeup. Tom Lansford has compiled in one place more than 200 entries on countries and territories throughout the world, this volume is renowned for its extensive coverage of all major and minor political parties and groups in each political system. It also provides names of key ambassadors and international memberships of each country, plus detailed profiles of more than 30 intergovernmental organizations and UN agencies. And this update will aim to include coverage of current events, issues, crises, and controversies from the course of the last two years.
Download or read book Nicaragua written by Daniel Kovalick and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2023 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the pernicious nature of US engagement with Nicaragua from the mid-19th century to the present in pursuit of control and domination rather than in defense of democracy as it has incessantly claimed. In turn, Nicaraguans have valiantly defended their homeland, preventing the US from ever maintaining its control for long. While there were intermittent US forays into Nicaragua in the 1850s, sustained intervention in Nicaragua only began in 1911 when the US invaded Nicaragua to put a halt to a canal project connecting its Atlantic and Pacific coasts to be partnered with Japan - a project the US wanted to control for itself. The US Marines subsequently invaded Nicaragua a number of times between 1911 and 1934 to try to maintain control over it, only to be repelled by peasant guerillas led by Augusto Cesar Sandino. The Marines left for good only after the US had set up the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who then lured Sandino to Managua on the promise of a peace deal and murdered him in cold blood. Successive generations of Somozas would rule Nicaragua with an iron hand and critical US support until finally, in 1979, the latest iteration was ousted by the Sandinistas - a movement inspired by Sandino and motivated by a unique philosophy merging Christianity and Marxism. Led by Daniel Ortega, the Sandinistas established democracy in Nicaragua with the country's first free and fair elections in 1984. Once again, the US attempted to subvert democracy by organizing Somoza's former National Guardsmen into a terrorist group known as the Contras. Directed and funded by the CIA, the Contras would terrorize Nicaragua for nearly 10 years. In 1990, the Sandinistas stood for early election and the war-weary voters selected Violeta Chamorro. The Sandinistas relinquished office peacefully stepped, ceding the government to Chamorro. For 17 long years, from 1990 to 2007, neo-liberal governments, beginning with Violetta Chamorro, governed Nicaragua. Backed by the US, these governments neglected the people, leaving almost half of the country un-electrified, without decent education or health care, and in poverty. When Daniel Ortega and the Sandinistas returned to power in 2007 through elections, they immediately established free health care and education, built infrastructure throughout the country, and began to eradicate poverty. Now, almost 100% of the country is electrified; poverty and extreme poverty have been greatly diminished.t
Download or read book Boxing Still Matters written by Bo Brumble and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boxing Still Matters is a fact-based history of professional boxing from 1981 to 2021, the years immediately following the time span covered in When Boxing Mattered, the author's first book, which focused on 1880-1980. The book utilizes a decade-by-decade approach and features the big names of the four decades covered. Marquee names, Larry Holmes, the Klitschko brothers, Mike Tyson, Anthony Joshua, Tyson Fury, Lennox Lewis, George Foreman, Evander Holyfield, Marvelous Marvin Hagler, Sugar Ray Leonard, Thomas Hearns, Alexis Arguello, Aaron Pryor, Julio Cesar Chavez, Bernard Hopkins, Oscar De La Hoya, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Manny Pacquiao, Canelo Alvarez, and Vasiliy Lomachenko are all covered and accompanied by historical photographs.
Download or read book The Development of the Law of the Sea by UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Bodies written by Lan Ngoc Nguyen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical assessment of how UNCLOS dispute settlement bodies develop the law the sea and factors that explain such development.
Download or read book Pleadings Minutes of Public Sittings and Documents M moires proces verbaux des audiences publiques et documents 2023 written by ITLOS and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in the Dispute concerning delimitation of the maritime boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives), Merits. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Special Chamber delivered its Judgment on 28 April 2023. It is published in the ITLOS Reports 2022-2023. Le présent volume reproduit les pièces de la procédure écrite, les procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure concernant le Différend relatif à la délimitation de la frontière maritime entre Maurice et les Maldives dans l’océan Indien (Maurice/Maldives), fond. Les documents sont publiés dans la langue originale utilisée. La Chambre spéciale a rendu son arrêt le 28 avril 2023. L’arrêt est publié dans le TIDM Recueil 2022-2023.
Download or read book Commentaries on World Court Decisions 1987 1996 written by Pieter H F Bekker and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a full description of the judicial activity of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) during the busiest decade in its 50-year history (January 1, 1987 - December 31, 1996). The introductory chapter provides a basic description of the role and procedures of the ICJ, designed to facilitate a better understanding of its functioning. Actual statistics from the period 1987-1997 are used as examples. Ten chapters contain the scholarly commentaries of thirteen mainly American international lawyers on the twelve Judgements and five Advisory Opinions rendered by the ICJ between 1987 and 1997. Each commentary describes the facts of a particular case, the arguments of the parties involved and the decision of the ICJ. Each commentator also gives his personal assessment of the decision reviewed and explains the decision in the light of the Court's earlier jurisprudence and international law. Every chapter opens with a review of the judicial activity of the ICJ during a given year, using the General List of ICJ cases, pleadings filed, Orders, Judgements and Advisory Opinions issued and hearings held at the Peace Palace to describe the statistics on the docket of the ICJ, the composition of the ICJ (Judges and Judges ad hoc), the regional distribution to States parties in cases before the ICJ, together with a list of the most important ICJ literature. In sum, the book presents `all you ever wanted to know about the World Court' between 1987 and 1997 for both ICJ practitioners and students of international law. The book includes reprints from the American Journal of International Law as well as new material.
Download or read book De Gruyter Handbook of Social Entrepreneurship written by Bryan C. Boots and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-08-19 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The De Gruyter Handbook of Social Entrepreneurship serves as a one-stop shop for nascent and established scholars and practitioners alike who seek to quickly gain a broad familiarity with the current state of research in social entrepreneurship. Part 1 reviews and discusses the historical scholarly foundations of the field, followed by a more in-depth treatment of newer research, while Part 2 examines the broader ecosystem in which social entrepreneurship takes place. In Part 3, the handbook explores infrastructural considerations such as organizational culture, values, processes, business models and mindsets that affect social entrepreneurship. Finally, in Part 4 the handbook analyzes social entrepreneurship from the individual social entrepreneur’s perspective. Faculty, research-oriented graduate students, think tanks, and government agencies who seek an overview of recent research in the field of social entrepreneurship will benefit from this essential addition to the literature. In addition, practicing social entrepreneurs, intrapreneurs in corporate settings, and non-governmental organizations interested in social entrepreneurship can use this handbook as a resource to inform their approaches to the development of social ventures, how they support social entrepreneurs, and the ways in which they can foster conditions to support a thriving social entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Download or read book The Statesman s Yearbook 2023 written by Palgrave Macmillan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 1430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its 159th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions.
Download or read book Intervention in the International Court of Justice written by Shabtai Rosenne and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In approaching the writing of Intervention in the International Court of Justice, the author soon reached two conclusions. The first was that in order to understand the attitude of the Court today in applying the provisions of Articles 62 and 63 of the Statute, considerable importance attaches to their legislative history. In the Barcelona Traction (Preliminary Objections) case the Court referred to the `drafting records' of certain provisions of the Rules of Court under consideration there. The second conclusion was that examination of the decisions of the Court in intervention proceedings incidentally and in isolation from the case as a whole could put the material out of focus. The Court's position in a case of intervention can only be fully assessed in the context of the proceedings as a whole, when the real influence of the intervention phase on the final decision comes into the open. In addition, a new dimension, that of modern diplomacy, could be added to an understanding of the difficulties posed - for the Court, for individual States and for their legal advisers - by the institution of intervention. The book is based on a series of courses given by the author as Belle van Zuylen Professor in the Humanities at the University of Utrecht in 1986--1987. Nicaragua's intervention in the `Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute' case between El Salvador and Honduras before a Chamber of the International Court led to a complete reexamination of the whole work, and to this current publication.
Download or read book Central America Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index
Download or read book Judicial Settlement of International Disputes written by Edward McWhinney and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The record of the International Court of Justice and its predecessor, the old Permanent Court of International Justice, extends back now for about three quarters of a century. During that time the Court has been transformed from a Western (Eurocentric) tribunal in terms both of its judges and also the disputes it was called on to resolve, to an institution broadly representative of the layered, pluralistic world community of today. This is reflected in the fiercely contested battles for election to the Court or the regular triennial elections, and also in the angry denunciations of the Court as a `political' tribunal rendering `political' decisions, launched by some national foreign Ministry spokesmen in reaction to Court judgments involving their own states or what they consider as their own vital interests. Within the Court's ranks in recent years there has been a marked philosophical division between those judges (usually from Western or Western-influenced states) who have sought to maintain traditional positivist, strict construction (`neutral') approaches, and those who would in American legal Realist-style, essay a more frankly critical, liberal activist rôle in the up-dating or re-making of old legal doctrines inherited from earlier eras in international relations. The intellectual-legal conflicts within the Court are canvassed in some of the major political-legal cases of recent years (South West Africa and Namibia; Nuclear Tests; Western Sahara; Nicaragua v. US). The contemporary rôle of the Court and its relation to and cooperation with other principal United Nations (especially the General Assembly) organs, in World Community problem-solving, are fully explored, in terms of the potential problems but also the opportunities and challenges for the Court and its judges today in an historical era of transition and rapid change in the World Community.
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2022 the Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence written by Ziccardi Capaldo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence is a one-stop resource for all researchers studying international law generally or international tribunals specifically. The Yearbook is based on a cutting-edge project, unique in the panorama of international law yearbooks. Its project moves from a global perspective rather than a sectoral perspective or a spatial, national, or regional one. Its scope is that of annually monitoring the changes of international law and the transition to a global community, exploring its law (global constitutional principles), governance, and justice through a meaningful global jurisprudence. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative source of reference on global legal issues and international jurisprudence. It includes analysis of the most significant global trends in a way that allows readers to monitor the development of the global legal order from several perspectives. The Yearbook publishes annually in a volume of carefully chosen primary source material and corresponding expert commentary. The general editor, Professor Emeritus Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, employs her vast expertise in international law to select excerpts from important court opinions and to choose experts from around the world to contribute essay-guides, which illuminate those cases. Although the main focus is recent case law from the major international tribunals and regional courts, the first four parts of each year's edition feature expert articles by renowned scholars who address broader themes in current and future developments in international law and global policy. The Global Community Yearbook has thus become not just an indispensable window to recent jurisprudence; the series also serves to prepare researchers for the issues facing emerging global law. The 2022 edition both updates readers on the important work of longstanding international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (MICT), to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel, to courts of human rights (ECtHR, IACtHR, ACtHPR). This edition also examines developments in the War in Ukraine and the consequences of the proliferation of disinformation, as well as international efforts to protect the cultural heritage of vulnerable populations. Scholars also explore the evidentiary value of reports drafted by NGOs and developments in reparations modalities, among other topics. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals.
