Download or read book Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by A. A. Ojo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will guide Photovoltaics researchers in a new way of thinking about harvesting light energy from all wavelengths of the solar spectrum. It closes the gap between general solar cells books and photovoltaics journal articles, by focusing on the latest developments in our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is experimental and based on II-VI thin-film materials, mainly CdTe-based solar cells. The authors describe the use of new device design, based on multilayer graded bandgap configuration, using CdTe-based solar cells. The authors also explain how the photo-generated currents can be enhanced using multi-step charge carrier production. The possibility of fabricating these devices using low-cost and scalable electroplating is demonstrated. The value of electroplating for large area electronic devices such as PV solar panels, display devices and nano-technology devices are also demonstrated. By enabling new understanding of the engineering of electroplated semiconductor materials and providing an overview of the semiconductor physics and technology, this practical book is ideal to guide researchers, engineers, and manufacturers on future solar cell device designs and fabrications. Discusses in detail the processes of growths, treatments, solar cell device fabrication and solid state physics, improving readers’ understanding of fundamental solid state physics; Enables future improvements in CdTe-based device efficiency; Explains the significance of defects in deposited semiconductor materials and interfaces that affect the material properties and resulting device performance.

Download or read book Engineering of Electroplated Materials for Multilayer Next Generation Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by Ayotunde Adigun Ojo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science written by Inamuddin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Solid State Synthetic Methods cover recent advances made in the field of solid-state materials synthesis and its various applications. The book provides a brief introduction to the topic and the fundamental principles governing the various methods. Sustainable techniques and green processes development in solid-state chemistry are also highlighted. This book also provides a comprehensive literature on the industrial application using solid-state materials and solid-state devices. Overall, this book is intended to explore green solid-state techniques, eco-friendly materials involved in organic synthesis and real-time applications. Provides a broad overview of solid-state chemistry Outlines an eco-friendly solid-state synthesis of modern nanomaterials, organometallic, coordination compounds and pure organic Gives a detailed account of solid-state chemistry, fundamentals, concepts, techniques and applications Deliberates cutting-edge recent advances in industrial technologies involved in energy, environmental, medicinal and organic chemistry fields

Download or read book Advances in Thin Film Solar Cells written by I. M. Dharmadasa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energy conversion plays a very important role in the rapid introduction of renewable energy, which is essential to meet future energy demands without further polluting the environment, but current solar panels based on silicon are expensive due to the cost of raw materials and high energy consumption during production. The way forward is to move towards thin-film solar cells using alternative materials and low-cost manufacturing methods. The photovoltaic community is actively researching thin-film solar cells based on amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and dye-sensitised and organic materials. However, progress has been slow due to a lack of proper understanding of the physics behind these devices. This book concentrates on the latest developments and attempts to improve our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is mainly experimental and based on CdTe thin-film solar cells. The author extends these new findings to CIGS thin-film solar cells and presents a new device design based on graded bandgap multi-layer solar cells. This design has been experimentally tested using the well-researched GaAs/AlGaAs system, and initial devices have shown impressive device parameters. These devices are capable of absorbing all radiation (UV, visible and infra-red) within the solar spectrum and combine "impact ionisation" and "impurity photovoltaic" effects. The improved device understanding presented in this book should impact and guide future photovoltaic device development and low-cost thin-film solar panel manufacture. This new edition features an additional chapter besides exercises and their solutions, which will be useful for academics teaching in this field.

Download or read book Theory of Graded Bandgap Thin Film Solar Cells written by Faiz Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are cheap and easy to manufacture but require improvements as their efficiencies are low compared to that of the commercially dominant crystalline-silicon solar cells. An optoelectronic model is formulated and implemented along with the differential evolution algorithm to assess the efficacy of grading the bandgap of the CIGS, CZTSSe, and AlGaAs photon-absorbing layer for optimizing the power-conversion efficiency of thin-film CIGS, CZTSSe, and AlGaAs solar cells, respectively, in the two-terminal single-junction format. Each thin-film solar cell is modeled as a photonic device as well as an electronic device. Solar cells with two (or more) photon-absorbing layers can also be handled using the optolelectronic model, whose results will stimulate experimental techniques for bandgap grading to enable ubiquitous small-scale harnessing of solar energy.

Download or read book Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by Larry C. Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graded bandgap solar cells were investigated that have a structure consisting of an N-type graded emitter and a base region with a constant bandgap. The emitter bandgap was 2.1 eV at the front surface and then graded to 1.74 eV at the N/P homojunction based on a 1.74 eV bandgap. The Aluminum Gallium Arsenide homojunction had a maximum value for internal photoresponse of 20% while the graded bandgap cell exhibited a peak value of 80%. Analyses of photoresponse data indicates the Aluminum Gallium Gallium Arsenide homojunctions are characterized by minority carrier diffusion lengths of only .03 micrometers in the emitter and 0.1 micrometers in the base. Thus, the effective field resulting from the graded emitter in the graded bandgap cell is necessary for an adequate photoresponse. Investigations of heteroface Gallium Arsenide solar cells continued with the purpose of building a data base for processing technology and characterization techniques. GaAs solar cells were fabricated with efficiencies over 17% using a P/N homojunction structure ans A1GaAs heteroface. Electro-optical characterization of GaAs cells has resulted in improved understanding of minority carrier properties, surface recombination velocity and current loss mechanisms. Keywords: Space power.

Download or read book Next Generation Solar Cells written by Yoon-Bong Hahn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-08-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the principles and materials for the development of next-generation solar cells for a sustainable global society Discusses the structures, working principles, and limitations of solar cells as well as the improvement methods of their power-conversion efficiency Introduces generations of cells as photovoltaic devices, including third-generation solar cells such as organic solar cells, quantum dots solar cells, and organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells Focuses on the emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and deals with their cell configuration, transport materials, and fabrication processes in detail.

Download or read book Optoelectronic Modeling and Optimization of Graded bandgap Thin film Solar Cells written by Faiz Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline-silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic solar cells are increasingly taking over the energy production sector nowadays. Even in comparison to coal-fired and nuclear plants for generation of electricity, the cost of harnessing solar energy by photovoltaic means has gone down considerably during the last decade. However, microwatt-scale generators of electricity are needed for human progress to become effectively unconstrained by economics. Large-scale adoption of thin-film solar cells is necessary for that to happen. However, Earth-abundant materials with low toxicity and high power-conversion efficiency must be used for thin-film solar cells. A series of theoretical investigations were performed to tackle the problem of materials scarcity as well as to explore potential enhancements of power-conversion efficiency in thin-film solar cells by thinning the absorber layer, grading the bandgap in the absorber layer, and modifying the back end. Three different types of thin-film solar cells were considered: CIGS, CZTSSe, and AlGaAs. The bandgap of the absorber layer was varied either sinusoidally or linearly. The thickness of the absorber layer was varied from 100 nm to 2200 nm. Back-end modifications incorporating a periodically corrugated backreflector and a back-surface passivation layer were considered as well. A coupled optoelectronic model was used along with the differential evolution algorithm to maximize the efficiency in relation to geometric and bandgap-grading parameters. Furthermore, as colored solar cells can promote large-scale adoption of rooftop solar cells, efficiency loss due to color-rejection filters was estimated. The coupled optoelectronic optimization predicted that tailored bandgap grading could significantly improve efficiency for all three considered thin-film solar cells. For CIGS solar cells with a 2200-nm-thick absorber layer, an efficiency of 27.7% was predicted with a sinusoidally graded bandgap absorber layer along with back-end modifications in comparison to 22% efficiency achieved experimentally with a homogeneous CIGS absorber layer. An efficiency of 21.7% was predicted with sinusoidal grading of a 870-nm-thick absorber CZTSSe layer in comparison to 12.6% efficiency achieved experimentally with a 2200-nm-thick homogeneous CZTSSe layer. Similarly, an efficiency of 34.5% was predicted through optoelectronic optimization of AlGaAs solar cells with a sinusoidally graded bandgap absorber layer along with back-end modifications in comparison to 27.6% efficiency achieved experimentally with a homogeneous AlGaAs absorber layer. For colored thin-film solar cells, predictions of the efficiency loss varied from 10% to 20%, depending upon the percentage of rejection of incoming solar photons. Thus, optoelectronic optimization by bandgap grading and back-end modifications is more than enough to swallow efficiency reduction by the rejection of a certain percentage of incoming solar photons. Thus, the proposed design strategies provide a way to realize more efficient thin-film solar cells for the ubiquitous harnessing of solar energy at low-wattage levels, thereby promoting widespread adoption of thin-film solar cells as local energy sources. Also, cheap, small-scale off-grid generation of electricity will provide access to energy for populations living without electricity far from central grids in less-developed and developing regions of our planet, thus equalizing opportunity and decreasing income and gender gaps.

Download or read book A Computer Analysis of Heterojunction and Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by Joseph Edward Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design Fabrication Characterization and Analysis of Wide Band Gap Gallium Phosphide Solar Cells written by Xuesong Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to design, fabricate, characterize and analyze wide band gap gallium phosphide (GaP) solar cells which can be used in multi-junction solar cell systems as the top junction solar cell. The highest reported efficiency for a GaP solar cell has been achieved in this work. This solar cell has an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.53V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.56mA/cm 2, fill factor (FF) of 74.06% and efficiency of 2.90% compared to the previous best reported efficiency of 1.17%. The wide band gap of GaP (2.26eV) makes it a very good candidate for the top junction solar cell in a multi-junction solar cell system. A wide band gap solar cell can increase the efficiency of the system by absorbing and converting the high energy photons more efficiently. A five-junction solar cell system that includes a GaP solar cell as the top junction has the potential to achieve over 50% efficiency. The novel system is based on the co-design of the optics, interconnects and solar cells that enables each individual solar cell to have separate electrical contacts. The separate contact design is important to the multi-junction system because it can eliminate the lattice and current match requirements. The absolute efficiency gain of using a GaP solar cell as the top junction in the five-junction solar cell system can be as high as 3.6%. In this thesis, the GaP solar cells have been designed, fabricated and improved using a systematic approach. High quality GaP epitaxial layers were grown on GaP substrates using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The layer quality was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The baseline and the first generation GaP solar cells were fabricated using a p on n structure. The solar cells were analyzed using quantum efficiency and current-voltage measurement. Specific materials parameters were then improved using predictive models based on these results. The analysis identified that the diffusion length in the base (n -type) limited the performance. Accordingly, a second generation GaP solar cell was designed, fabricated and tested using an improved n on p structure. The second generation GaP solar cell demonstrated significant improvement. Four more generations of GaP solar cells have been designed and fabricated using the predictive model based on the second generation GaP solar cell's analysis. The four new generations of GaP solar cells focused on first increasing the emitter region diffusion length; second, further improvements in the base region diffusion length; third, the emitter thickness and; finally, the front surface passivation. Systematic improvements have been achieved from these four new generations of GaP solar cells. The sixth generation GaP solar cell with AlGaP front surface passivation has achieved the highest efficiency GaP solar cell to date. Optical analysis of the GaP as a transparent top solar cell in a five-junction solar cell system has been performed to determine the design rules for this solar cell to be used as a "transparent" top solar cell. A new five-junction solar cell system has been proposed based on this analysis. With improved epitaxial layers growth conditions and solar cell designs, a pathway to 12.6% efficiency GaP top solar cells is described in this work. The development of wide band gap solar cells will broaden the design space for multi-junction solar cells. This work demonstrates the design rules for wide bandgap solar cells. The result will be beneficial to the design of multi-junction solar cells and the improvement of the solar cell module conversion efficiency.

Download or read book Solar Energy Conversion and Storage written by Suresh C. Ameta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes showcases the latest advances in solar cell technology while offering valuable insight into the future of solar energy conversion and storage. Focusing on photochemical methods of converting and/or storing light energy in the form of electrical or chemical energy, the book:Describes various t

Download or read book CulnSe2 Based Solar Cells Simulation of Graded Bandgap Options and Materials Measurements written by Ajay Dhingra and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Modeling of Graded Bandgap Amorphous Silicon germanium Solar Cells Fabricated by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Greg Charles Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Arvind Victor Shah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, startin

Download or read book The Physics Of Solar Cells written by Jenny A Nelson and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003-05-09 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. It covers: basic physics of semiconductors in photovoltaic devices; physical models of solar cell operation; characteristics and design of common types of solar cell; and approaches to increasing solar cell efficiency. The text explains the terms and concepts of solar cell device physics and shows the reader how to formulate and solve relevant physical problems. Exercises and worked solutions are included.

Download or read book Photon Management in Solar Cells written by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.

Download or read book Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy MOVPE written by Stuart Irvine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-07 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically discusses the growth method, material properties, and applications for key semiconductor materials MOVPE is a chemical vapor deposition technique that produces single or polycrystalline thin films. As one of the key epitaxial growth technologies, it produces layers that form the basis of many optoelectronic components including mobile phone components (GaAs), semiconductor lasers and LEDs (III-Vs, nitrides), optical communications (oxides), infrared detectors, photovoltaics (II-IV materials), etc. Featuring contributions by an international group of academics and industrialists, this book looks at the fundamentals of MOVPE and the key areas of equipment/safety, precursor chemicals, and growth monitoring. It covers the most important materials from III-V and II-VI compounds to quantum dots and nanowires, including sulfides and selenides and oxides/ceramics. Sections in every chapter of Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE): Growth, Materials Properties and Applications cover the growth of the particular materials system, the properties of the resultant material, and its applications. The book offers information on arsenides, phosphides, and antimonides; nitrides; lattice-mismatched growth; CdTe, MCT (mercury cadmium telluride); ZnO and related materials; equipment and safety; and more. It also offers a chapter that looks at the future of the technique. Covers, in order, the growth method, material properties, and applications for each material Includes chapters on the fundamentals of MOVPE and the key areas of equipment/safety, precursor chemicals, and growth monitoring Looks at important materials such as III-V and II-VI compounds, quantum dots, and nanowires Provides topical and wide-ranging coverage from well-known authors in the field Part of the Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications series Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE): Growth, Materials Properties and Applications is an excellent book for graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, as well as specialist courses at undergraduate/postgraduate level in the area of epitaxial growth (MOVPE/ MOCVD/ MBE).